scholarly journals The p150-Glued Ssm4p regulates microtubular dynamics and nuclear movement in fission yeast

2004 ◽  
Vol 117 (23) ◽  
pp. 5543-5556 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Niccoli
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Nuclear Movement

scholarly journals Mcp5, a meiotic cell cortex protein, is required for nuclear movement mediated by dynein and microtubules in fission yeast

2006 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamune T. Saito ◽  
Daisuke Okuzaki ◽  
Hiroshi Nojima
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Ph Domain ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Homologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Cortical Localization ◽  
Pulling Force

During meiotic prophase I of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, oscillatory nuclear movement occurs. This promotes homologous chromosome pairing and recombination and involves cortical dynein, which plays a pivotal role by generating a pulling force with the help of an unknown dynein anchor. We show that Mcp5, the homologue of the budding yeast dynein anchor Num1, may be this putative dynein anchor. mcp5+ is predominantly expressed during meiotic prophase, and GFP-Mcp5 localizes at the cell cortex. Moreover, the mcp5Δ strain lacks the oscillatory nuclear movement. Accordingly, homologous pairing and recombination rates of the mcp5Δ strain are significantly reduced. Furthermore, the cortical localization of dynein heavy chain 1 appears to be reduced in mcp5Δ cells. Finally, the full function of Mcp5 requires its coiled-coil and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. Our results suggest that Mcp5 localizes at the cell cortex through its PH domain and functions as a dynein anchor, thereby facilitating nuclear oscillation.

scholarly journals A Cytoplasmic Dynein Heavy Chain Is Required for Oscillatory Nuclear Movement of Meiotic Prophase and Efficient Meiotic Recombination in Fission Yeast

1999 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumu Yamamoto ◽  
Robert R. West ◽  
J. Richard McIntosh ◽  
Yasushi Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Dynein Heavy Chain

Meiotic recombination requires pairing of homologous chromosomes, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. When pairing occurs during meiotic prophase in fission yeast, the nucleus oscillates between the cell poles driven by astral microtubules. During these oscillations, the telomeres are clustered at the spindle pole body (SPB), located at the leading edge of the moving nucleus and the rest of each chromosome dangles behind. Here, we show that the oscillatory nuclear movement of meiotic prophase is dependent on cytoplasmic dynein. We have cloned the gene encoding a cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain of fission yeast. Most of the cells disrupted for the gene show no gross defect during mitosis and complete meiosis to form four viable spores, but they lack the nuclear movements of meiotic prophase. Thus, the dynein heavy chain is required for these oscillatory movements. Consistent with its essential role in such nuclear movement, dynein heavy chain tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) is localized at astral microtubules and the SPB during the movements. In dynein-disrupted cells, meiotic recombination is significantly reduced, indicating that the dynein function is also required for efficient meiotic recombination. In accordance with the reduced recombination, which leads to reduced crossing over, chromosome missegregation is increased in the mutant. Moreover, both the formation of a single cluster of centromeres and the colocalization of homologous regions on a pair of homologous chromosomes are significantly inhibited in the mutant. These results strongly suggest that the dynein-driven nuclear movements of meiotic prophase are necessary for efficient pairing of homologous chromosomes in fission yeast, which in turn promotes efficient meiotic recombination.

Characterization of fission yeast meiotic mutants based on live observation of meiotic prophase nuclear movement

Chromosoma ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Hiraoka ◽  
Da-Qiao Ding ◽  
Ayumu Yamamoto ◽  
Chihiro Tsutsumi ◽  
Yuji Chikashige
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Meiotic Mutants

scholarly journals Microtubule-independent movement of the fission yeast nucleus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju Ashraf ◽  
David A. Kelly ◽  
Kenneth E. Sawin
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Myosin V ◽  
Nuclear Positioning ◽  
Membrane Contact Sites ◽  
Growing Cell ◽  
Pulling Forces ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Actin Cables

ABSTRACTMovement of the cell nucleus typically involves the cytoskeleton and either polymerization-based pushing forces or motor-based pulling forces. In fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, nuclear movement and positioning are thought to depend on microtubule polymerization-based pushing forces. Here we describe a novel, microtubule-independent, form of nuclear movement in fission yeast. Microtubule-independent nuclear movement is directed towards growing cell tips, and it is strongest when the nucleus is close to a growing cell tip, and weakest when the nucleus is far from that tip. Microtubule-independent nuclear movement requires actin cables but does not depend on actin polymerization-based pushing or myosin V-based pulling forces. Vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated proteins (VAPs) Scs2 and Scs22, which are critical for endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact sites in fission yeast, are also required for microtubule-independent nuclear movement. We also find that in cells in which microtubule-based pushing forces are present, disruption of actin cables leads to increased fluctuations in interphase nuclear positioning and subsequent altered septation. Our results suggest two non-exclusive mechanisms for microtubule-independent nuclear movement, which may help illuminate aspects of nuclear positioning in other cells.

scholarly journals Spindle pole body components are reorganized during fission yeast meiosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1799-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori Ohta ◽  
Masamitsu Sato ◽  
Masayuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Spindle Pole Body ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Pole Body ◽  
Proper Number ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Yeast Meiosis

During meiosis, the centrosome/spindle pole body (SPB) must be regulated in a manner distinct from that of mitosis to achieve a specialized cell division that will produce gametes. In this paper, we demonstrate that several SPB components are localized to SPBs in a meiosis-specific manner in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. SPB components, such as Cut12, Pcp1, and Spo15, which stay on the SPB during the mitotic cell cycle, disassociate from the SPB during meiotic prophase and then return to the SPB immediately before the onset of meiosis I. Interestingly, the polo kinase Plo1, which normally localizes to the SPB during mitosis, is excluded from them in meiotic prophase, when meiosis-specific, horse-tail nuclear movement occurs. We found that exclusion of Plo1 during this period was essential to properly remodel SPBs, because artificial targeting of Plo1 to SPBs resulted in an overduplication of SPBs. We also found that the centrin Cdc31 was required for meiotic SPB remodeling. Thus Plo1 and a centrin play central roles in the meiotic SPB remodeling, which is essential for generating the proper number of meiotic SPBs and, thereby provide unique characteristics to meiotic divisions.

scholarly journals Microtubule-independent movement of the fission yeast nucleus

2021 ◽  
pp. jcs.253021
Author(s):  
Sanju Ashraf ◽  
Ye Dee Tay ◽  
David A. Kelly ◽  
Kenneth E. Sawin
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Myosin V ◽  
Nuclear Positioning ◽  
Membrane Contact Sites ◽  
Growing Cell ◽  
Pulling Forces ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Actin Cables

Movement of the cell nucleus typically involves the cytoskeleton and either polymerization-based pushing forces or motor-based pulling forces. In fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, nuclear movement and positioning are thought to depend on microtubule polymerization-based pushing forces. Here we describe a novel, microtubule-independent, form of nuclear movement in fission yeast. Microtubule-independent nuclear movement is directed towards growing cell tips, and it is strongest when the nucleus is close to a growing cell tip, and weakest when the nucleus is far from that tip. Microtubule-independent nuclear movement requires actin cables but does not depend on actin polymerization-based pushing or myosin V-based pulling forces. Vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated proteins (VAPs) Scs2 and Scs22, which are critical for endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact sites in fission yeast, are also required for microtubule-independent nuclear movement. We also find that in cells in which microtubule-based pushing forces are present, disruption of actin cables leads to increased fluctuations in interphase nuclear positioning and subsequent altered septation. Our results suggest two non-exclusive mechanisms for microtubule-independent nuclear movement, which may help illuminate aspects of nuclear positioning in other cells.

scholarly journals The Roles of Fission Yeast Ase1 in Mitotic Cell Division, Meiotic Nuclear Oscillation, and Cytokinesis Checkpoint Signaling

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1378-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yamashita ◽  
Masamitsu Sato ◽  
Akiko Fujita ◽  
Masayuki Yamamoto ◽  
Takashi Toda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Chromosome Loss ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Checkpoint Signaling ◽  
Anaphase B ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging

The Ase1/Prc1 proteins constitute a conserved microtubule-associated protein family that is implicated in central spindle formation and cytokinesis. Here we characterize a role for fission yeast Ase1. Ase1 localizes to microtubule overlapping zones and displays dynamic alterations of localization during the cell cycle. In particular, its spindle localization during metaphase is reduced substantially, followed by robust appearance at the spindle midzone in anaphase. ase1 deletions are viable but defective in nuclear and septum positioning and completion of cytokinesis, which leads to diploidization and chromosome loss. Time-lapse imaging shows that elongating spindles collapse abruptly in the middle of anaphase B. Either absence or overproduction of Ase1 results in profound defects on microtubule bundling in an opposed manner, indicating that Ase1 is a dose-dependent microtubule-bundling factor. In contrast microtubule nucleating activities are not noticeably compromised in ase1 mutants. During meiosis astral microtubules are not bundled and oscillatory nuclear movement is impaired significantly. The Aurora kinase does not correctly localize to central spindles in the absence of Ase1. Finally Ase1 acts as a regulatory component in the cytokinesis checkpoint that operates to inhibit nuclear division when the cytokinesis apparatus is perturbed. Ase1, therefore, couples anaphase completion with cytokinesis upon cell division.

scholarly journals Escape from mitotic catastrophe by actin-dependent nuclear displacement in fission yeast

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Yukawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Teratani ◽  
Takashi Toda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Mitotic Catastrophe ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Nuclear Positioning ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Actin Cables

SUMMARYProper nuclear positioning is essential for the execution of a wide variety of cellular processes in eukaryotic cells (Gundersen and Worman, 2013; Kopf et al., 2020; Lele et al., 2018). In proliferating mitotic cells, nuclear positioning is crucial for successful cell division. The bipolar spindle, which pulls sister chromatids towards two opposite poles, needs to assemble in the geometrical center of the cell. This ensures symmetrical positioning of the two nuclei that are reformed upon mitotic exit, by which two daughter cells inherit the identical set of the chromosomes upon cytokinesis. In fission yeast, the nucleus is positioned in the cell center during interphase; cytoplasmic microtubules interact with both the nucleus and the cell tips, thereby retaining the nucleus in the medial position of the cell (Daga et al., 2006; Tran et al., 2001). By contrast, how the nucleus is positioned during mitosis remains elusive. Here we show that several cell-cycle mutants that arrest in mitosis all displace the nucleus towards one end of the cell axis. Intriguingly, the actin cytoskeleton, not the microtubule counterpart, is responsible for the asymmetric movement of the nucleus. Time-lapse live imaging indicates that mitosis-specific F-actin cables interact with the nuclear membrane, thereby possibly generating an asymmetrical pushing force. In addition, constriction of the actomyosin ring further promotes nuclear displacement. This nuclear movement is beneficial, because if the nuclei were retained in the cell center, subsequent cell division would impose the lethal cut phenotype (Hirano et al., 1986; Yanagida, 1998), in which chromosomes are intersected by the contractile actin ring and the septum. Thus, fission yeast escapes from mitotic catastrophe by means of actin-dependent nuclear movement.

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