scholarly journals Mouse models and the interpretation of human GWAS in type 2 diabetes and obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Cox ◽  
C. D. Church
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

scholarly journals The Genetics ofPTPN1and Obesity: Insights from Mouse Models of Tissue-Specific PTP1B Deficiency

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Tsou ◽  
Kendra K. Bence
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
Chromosome 20Q13 ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B is a negative regulator of both insulin and leptin signaling and is involved in the control of glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure. Due to its prominent role in regulating metabolism, PTP1B is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of human obesity and type 2 diabetes. The PTP1B protein is encoded by thePTPN1gene on human chromosome 20q13, a region that shows linkage with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity in human populations. In this paper, we summarize the genetics of thePTPN1locus and associations with metabolic disease. In addition, we discuss the tissue-specific functions of PTP1B as gleaned from genetic mouse models.

scholarly journals Metabolic Spectrum of Liver Failure in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: From NAFLD to NASH to HCC

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4495
Author(s):  
Hyunmi Kim ◽  
Da Som Lee ◽  
Tae Hyeon An ◽  
Hyun-Ju Park ◽  
Won Kon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Liver disease is the spectrum of liver damage ranging from simple steatosis called as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinically, NAFLD and type 2 diabetes coexist. Type 2 diabetes contributes to biological processes driving the severity of NAFLD, the primary cause for development of chronic liver diseases. In the last 20 years, the rate of non-viral NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC has been increasing rapidly. As there are currently no suitable drugs for treatment of NAFLD and NASH, a class of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is sometimes used to improve liver failure despite the risk of side effects. Therefore, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the development and progression of NAFLD and NASH are important issues. In this review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC and the current promising pharmacological therapies of NAFLD/NASH. Further, we will provide insights into “adipose-derived adipokines” and “liver-derived hepatokines” as diagnostic and therapeutic targets from NAFLD to HCC.

scholarly journals Diabetes, Antidiabetic Medications and Cancer Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on SGLT-2 Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1680
Author(s):  
Mariusz Dąbrowski
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Increased Activity

In the last decade, cancer became the leading cause of death in the population under 65 in the European Union. Diabetes is also considered as a factor increasing risk of cancer incidence and mortality. Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with being overweight and obese, which also plays a role in malignancy. Among biological mechanisms linking diabetes and obesity with cancer hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, increased levels of growth factors, steroid and peptide hormones, oxidative stress and increased activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines are listed. Antidiabetic medications can modulate cancer risk through directly impacting metabolism of cancer cells as well as indirectly through impact on risk factors of malignancy. Some of them are considered beneficial (metformin and thiazolidinedions—with the exception of bladder cancer); on the other hand, excess of exogenous insulin may be potentially harmful, while other medications seem to have neutral impact on cancer risk. Inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) are increasingly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, their association with cancer risk is unclear. The aim of this review was to analyze the anticancer potential of this class of drugs, as well as risks of site-specific malignancies associated with their use.

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