Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the development of chick facial primordia and the target of retinoid action

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Wedden
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Lower Beak ◽  
Meckel’S Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Differentiation ◽  
Recombination Experiments ◽  
Retinoid Treatment ◽  
Frontonasal Mass ◽  
And Cartilage ◽  
Facial Morphogenesis

The development of the chick face involves outgrowth of buds of tissue, accompanied by the differentiation of cartilage and bone in spatially defined patterns. To investigate the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in facial morphogenesis, small fragments of facial tissue have been grafted to host chick wing buds to continue their development in isolation. Fragments of the frontonasal mass give rise to typical upper-beak-like structures: a long central rod of cartilage, the prenasal cartilage and an egg tooth. Meckel's cartilage, characteristic of the lower beak, develops from fragments of the mandible. Removal of the ectoderm prior to grafting leads to truncated development. In fragments of frontonasal mass mesenchyme only a small spur of cartilage differentiates and there is no outgrowth. The mandible is less affected; a rod of cartilage still forms but the amount of outgrowth is reduced. Retinoid treatment of chick embryos specifically affects the development of the upper beak and outgrowth and cartilage differentiation in the frontonasal mass are inhibited. The mandibles, however, are unaffected and develop normally. In order to investigate whether the epithelium or the mesenchyme of the frontonasal mass is the target of retinoid action, recombinations of retinoid-treated and untreated facial tissue have been grafted to host wing buds. Recombinations of retinoid-treated frontonasal mass ectoderm with untreated mesenchyme develop normally whereas recombinations of untreated ectoderm with retinoid-treated mesenchyme lead to truncations. The amount of outgrowth in fragments of mandibular tissue is slightly reduced when either the ectoderm or the mesenchyme has been treated with retinoids. These recombination experiments demonstrate that the mesenchyme of the frontonasal mass is the target of retinoid action. This suggests that retinoids interfere with the reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions necessary for outgrowth and normal upper beak development.

Pattern formation in the facial primordia

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 103 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Wedden ◽  
J. R. Ralphs ◽  
C. Tickle
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
High Density Culture ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
Lower Beak ◽  
Facial Defect ◽  
Cartilage Differentiation ◽  
The Face

Pattern formation is the developmental process that leads to the spatial ordering of cell differentiation. We have explored the problem of pattern formation in the development of the face of chick embryos. At early stages, the developing face consists of a series of small buds of tissue, the facial primordia that encircle the primitive mouth. The concepts of positional information provide a framework for considering how the patterns of differentiated cells are generated in the face. We suggest that the cranial neural crest cells must first be informed to which facial primordium they belong and then of their position within that primordium. The cells of the early primordia appear indistinguishable. However, when the mesenchyme cells are placed in high-density culture, cartilage differentiates. The extent and pattern of cartilage differentiation is characteristic for the cell population of each facial primordium. Myogenic cells also differentiate in the cultures, but the proportion of myogenic cells is independent of the extent of chondrogenesis. Within the facial primordia, a set of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions appears to be required for outgrowth and pattern formation along the proximodistal axis of the chick beaks. In culture, face epithelium locally inhibits cartilage differentiation and suggests that another set of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions may be involved in cell patterning. The mechanisms involved in specifying the mediolateral axis of the face, for example, the midpoint of the upper beak, are not known. Vitamin A derivatives, collectively known as retinoids, affect the development of the face of chick embryos and lead to a specific facial defect. Upper beak development is inhibited but the lower beak develops normally. The response to retinoids could be related to the specification of cells to belong to the facial primordium that will form the upper beak. Alternatively, retinoids may interfere with positional cues that operate to inform cells of their position within that primordium.

The influence of the lower beak on the interorbital septum-prenasal process complex in the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
F. G. Wouterlood ◽  
W. van Pelt
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Basal Plate ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Meckel's Cartilage ◽  
Lower Beak ◽  
Meckel’S Cartilage

The effect of removal of the lower beak on the development of the interorbital septumprenasal process (ISPP) complex was studied in chick embryos. In normal development the angle between the ventral contour of the interorbital septum and the long axis of the prenasal process increases. At the same time the angle between the ventral contour of the interorbital septum and the basal plate increases. After surgical removal of the prospective lower beak at stage 29, the position of the entire ISPP complex was altered in stage-38 embryos and the prenasal process showed elongation. In stage-38 embryos in which the prospective upper beak had been removed at stage 29, Meckel's cartilage was elongated. It is concluded that straightening of the angle between the ventral contour of the interorbital septum and the long axis of the prenasal process is not influenced by the lower beak, whereas the position of the entire ISPP complex and the size of the prenasal process are under the epigenetic influence of the lower beak. The position and size of Meckel's cartilage are under the epigenetic influence of the upper beak.

Cleft Lip Rhinoplasty: The Role of Bone and Cartilage Grafts

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Ortiz Monasterio ◽  
Ernesto J. Ruas
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cartilage Grafts ◽  
And Cartilage

scholarly journals Injectable stress relaxation gelatin-based hydrogels with positive surface charge for adsorption of aggrecan and facile cartilage tissue regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Yang Wang ◽  
Xiang-Yun Jin ◽  
Yu-Hui Ma ◽  
Wei-Jie Cai ◽  
Wei-Yuan Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Chondrocyte Viability ◽  
Cartilage Differentiation ◽  
And Cartilage

Abstract Background Cartilage injury and pathological degeneration are reported in millions of patients globally. Cartilages such as articular hyaline cartilage are characterized by poor self-regeneration ability due to lack of vascular tissue. Current treatment methods adopt foreign cartilage analogue implants or microfracture surgery to accelerate tissue repair and regeneration. These methods are invasive and are associated with the formation of fibrocartilage, which warrants further exploration of new cartilage repair materials. The present study aims to develop an injectable modified gelatin hydrogel. Method The hydrogel effectively adsorbed proteoglycans secreted by chondrocytes adjacent to the cartilage tissue in situ, and rapidly formed suitable chondrocyte survival microenvironment modified by ε-poly-L-lysine (EPL). Besides, dynamic covalent bonds were introduced between glucose and phenylboronic acids (PBA). These bonds formed reversible covalent interactions between the cis−diol groups on polyols and the ionic boronate state of PBA. PBA-modified hydrogel induced significant stress relaxation, which improved chondrocyte viability and cartilage differentiation of stem cells. Further, we explored the ability of these hydrogels to promote chondrocyte viability and cartilage differentiation of stem cells through chemical and mechanical modifications. Results In vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that the hydrogels exhibited efficient biocompatibility. EPL and PBA modified GelMA hydrogel (Gel-EPL/B) showed stronger activity on chondrocytes compared to the GelMA control group. The Gel-EPL/B group induced the secretion of more extracellular matrix and improved the chondrogenic differentiation potential of stem cells. Finally, thus hydrogel promoted the tissue repair of cartilage defects. Conclusion Modified hydrogel is effective in cartilage tissue repair.

Notochord to endoderm signaling is required for pancreas development

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 4243-4252 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Kim ◽  
M. Hebrok ◽  
D.A. Melton
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Pancreas Development ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Carboxypeptidase A ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Dorsal Pancreas ◽  
Stepwise Manner

The role of the notochord in inducing and patterning adjacent neural and mesodermal tissues is well established. We provide evidence that the notochord is also required for one of the earliest known steps in the development of the pancreas, an endodermally derived organ. At a developmental stage in chick embryos when the notochord touches the endoderm, removal of notochord eliminates subsequent expression of several markers of dorsal pancreas bud development, including insulin, glucagon and carboxypeptidase A. Pancreatic gene expression can be initiated and maintained in prepancreatic chick endoderm grown in vitro with notochord. Non-pancreatic endoderm, however, does not express pancreatic genes when recombined with the same notochord. The results suggest that the notochord provides a permissive signal to endoderm to specify pancreatic fate in a stepwise manner.

Measurements of cell adhesion

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-509
Author(s):  
Janet E. Hornby
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Random Motion ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Collision Efficiency ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Laminar Shear ◽  
Lyophobic Sols

Cell suspensions were prepared from the kidney, liver and heart of chick embryos of 5 or 8 days of incubation, and from the limb-buds of chick embryos of 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 days of incubation. When these suspensions were aggregated under laminar shear in a Couette viscometer or random motion in a reciprocating shaker they obeyed the theoretical relationships derived for flocculating lyophobic sols. The values of the collision efficiency found for the different cell types under given conditions were used to calculate the force of interaction between cells of each type. The force of interaction ranged between 9 × 10−11 N (8-day heart) and 3 × 10−9 N (8-day liver). The forces of interaction between cells appear to be responsible for aligning the membranes of adjacent cells with a 10–20 nm gap. It is possible to arrange the cell types in a hierarchy based on the forces of interaction between them. The possible role of these forces in cell specificity is considered.

Protective Role of Thyroxine in Methylparathion Intoxicated Chick Embryos

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghosh C. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
S. Medda
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Chick Embryos

scholarly journals The specification of noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurones depends on bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Vogel-Höpker ◽  
Hermann Rohrer
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Dorsal Midline ◽  
Neural Crest Development ◽  
Roof Plate ◽  
Rhombic Lip ◽  
The Brain

The role of BMPs in the development of the major noradrenergic centre of the brain, the locus coeruleus (LC), was investigated. LC generation is reflected by initial expression of the transcription factors Phox2a and Phox2b in dorsal rhombomere1 (r1), followed by expression of dopamine-β-hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase. Bmp5 is expressed in the dorsal neuroepithelium in proximity to Phox2-expressing cells. BMP inhibition in stage 10 chick embryos resulted in the lack of LC neurones or in their generation at the dorsal midline, and loss of roof plate and rhombic lip, but it did not affect neural crest development. These results reveal late essential BMP functions in the specification of dorsal neuronal phenotypes in r1, including LC neurones, and in the development of dorsal midline structures.

scholarly journals Prostaglandins and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Arthritis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Fattahi ◽  
Abbas Mirshafiey
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
And Cartilage ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, and complex inflammatory disease leading to bone and cartilage destruction, whose cause remains obscure. Accumulation of genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and dysregulated immune responses are necessary for mounting this self-reacting disease. Inflamed joints are infiltrated by a heterogeneous population of cellular and soluble mediators of the immune system, such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, cytokines, and prostaglandins (PGs). Prostaglandins are lipid inflammatory mediators derived from the arachidonic acid by multienzymatic reactions. They both sustain homeostatic mechanisms and mediate pathogenic processes, including the inflammatory reaction. They play both beneficial and harmful roles during inflammation, according to their site of action and the etiology of the inflammatory response. With respect to the role of PGs in inflammation, they can be effective mediators in the pathophysiology of RA. Thus the use of agonists or antagonists of PG receptors may be considered as a new therapeutic protocol in RA. In this paper, we try to elucidate the role of PGs in the immunopathology of RA.

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