Effect of experimentally induced calcium deficiency on development, metabolism and liver morphogenesis of the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Tamao Ono ◽  
Rocky S Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
And Control ◽  
Severe Hypocalcaemia

To study the effects of systemic calcium deficiency on embryonic development, chick embryos maintained in long-term shell-less cultures were compared to control embryos incubated in ovo with respect to various parameters of metabolism and growth. After incubation day 14, retarded growth and development were apparent in shell-less embryos which exhibited severe hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia. A development-specific necrosis of the liver tissues was observed in both shell-less and control embryos, but the frequency and extent of tissue abnormality were significantly greater in the former. Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were considerably elevated in shell-less embryos. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that the relative levels of two major serum proteins were also altered in shell-less embryos.

scholarly journals The effects of flooding and Phytophthora alni infection on black alder

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Strnadová ◽  
K. Černý ◽  
V. Holub ◽  
B. Gregorová
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Stem Necrosis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lower Biomass

The influences of long-term flooding and <I>Phytophthora alni</I> subsp. <I>alni</I> infection on the growth and development of 4-year-old <I>Alnus glutinosa</I> (black alder) saplings were investigated. The black alder saplings were divided into four groups and then subjected to combinations of both factors – flooded and inoculated with pathogen, flooded non-inoculated, non-flooded inoculated, and control. The biomass of the living roots and actinorrhizae, increase in stem length, length of leaves, rate of chlorotic foliage, amount of foliage biomass and length of stem necrosis were assessed after seven weeks. Both factors, flooding and <I>P. alni</I> infection significantly affected the black alder. In addition, a significant effect of interaction was observed. The inoculated flooded group had a substantially lower biomass weight of living roots, actinorrhiza and leaves than the other groups. The necroses caused by the pathogen in the flooded group were more extensive than those in the non-flooded one. These findings demonstrate that the simultaneous incidence of stress caused by flooding and <I>P. alni</I> infection is highly dangerous for black alder.

Effects of levonorgestrel on ovulation and oestrous behaviour in the female tammar wallaby

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily F. Hynes ◽  
Chris D. Nave ◽  
Geoff Shaw ◽  
Marilyn B. Renfree
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Luteinising Hormone ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Subcutaneous hormone implants are a useful method for managing overabundant marsupials in restricted enclosures in Australia. Levonorgestrel induces long-term infertility in the kangaroo, tammar wallaby and koala, although the contraceptive mechanism of levonorgestrel is unknown for any marsupial. In the present study, it was investigated if insertion of a single levonorgestrel or control implant at the time of reactivation of the diapausing blastocyst affected the subsequent post-partum oestrus or the preceding follicular development. Twenty levonorgestrel-treated and 16 control animals were autopsied the day before birth and the accompanying post-partum oestrus (Day 25), and 10 levonorgestrel-treated and five of the nine control animals were autopsied 3–4 days (Days 29–30) after the expected birth and oestrus. Peripartum behaviour was observed and birth and mating times were recorded. Levonorgestrel treatment did not prevent follicular growth because there was no significant difference between treatment and control animals in the size of the dominant follicle at Day 25. None of the levonorgestrel-treated females autopsied at Days 29–30 had ovulated (n = 10), in contrast to controls, where four of the five that were autopsied had ovulated. Mating occurred in eight of nine control animals but in only three of 10 levonorgestrel-treated females. Males showed a more sustained period of interest in the three that were mated than in the controls, and mating took place significantly later after birth (36 v. 10 h; P = 0.038). Follicular growth and development was not blocked in any female but only one-third of the animals mated and none ovulated after levonorgestrel treatment. These results suggest that levonorgestrel inhibits the preovulatory surge of luteinising hormone.

Serum Levels of Clusterin, PKR, and RAGE Correlate with Amyloid Burden in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067-1077
Author(s):  
Paloma Monllor ◽  
Esther Giraldo ◽  
Mari-Carmen Badia ◽  
Jose Garcia de la Asuncion ◽  
Maria-Dolores Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
N Classification ◽  
And Control

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and biomarkers are essential to help in the diagnosis of this disease. Image techniques and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are limited in their use because they are expensive or invasive. Thus, the search for blood-borne biomarkers is becoming central to the medical community. Objective: The main objective of this study is the evaluation of three serum proteins as potential biomarkers in AD patients. Methods: We recruited 27 healthy controls, 19 mild cognitive impairment patients, and 17 AD patients. Using the recent A/T/N classification we split our population into two groups (AD and control). We used ELISA kits to determine Aβ42, tau, and p-tau in CSF and clusterin, PKR, and RAGE in serum. Results: The levels of serum clusterin, PKR, and RAGE were statistically different in the AD group compared to controls. These proteins showed a statistically significant correlation with CSF Aβ42. So, they were selected to generate an AD detection model showing an AUC-ROC of 0.971 (CI 95%, 0.931–0.998). Conclusion: The developed model based on serum biomarkers and other co-variates could reflect the AD core pathology. So far, not one single blood-biomarker has been described, with effectiveness offering high sensitivity and specificity. We propose that the complexity of AD pathology could be reflected in a set of biomarkers also including clinical features of the patients.

A time-lapse photographic study of chick embryos exposed to teratogenic doses of hypoxia

Development ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-362
Author(s):  
Casimer T. Grabowski ◽  
Robert E. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Mammalian Embryos ◽  
Major Period ◽  
The Many

Continuous, long-term observations of amniote embryos have always been difficult. Special culture techniques for young avian and mammalian embryos have been developed (New, 1967) and these have helped to visualize the early stages of development. But studies of normal and abnormal development during the major period of organogenesis have been made largely by tedious indirect methods, such as the examination of a series of embryos preserved at different time intervals. Transitory responses to toxic stimuli have been particularly difficult to detect in this manner. To observe the visible initial effects of teratogenic agents, a photographic time-lapse study of chick embryos in their natural, in ovo, state was initiated. This report compares the changes in normal and hypoxia-treated embryos during the third day of development. Of the many agents which produce abnormal development, oxygen deficiency is one of the better known, since (1) it is readily induced in the laboratory by a variety of means, and (2) it is generally considered to be a significantcause of spontaneously occurring anomalies (Rubsaamen, 1952; Ingalls, 1952).

Effects of carbamylcholine on chick embryo aggregate retina cell cultures

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
Glenn M. Cohen ◽  
Radharaman Ray
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Retinal Cell ◽  
Cell Aggregates ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Retinal Tissue ◽  
Synaptic Junctions ◽  
And Control

Retinal,cell aggregates develop in culture in a pattern similar to the in ovo retina, forming neurites first and then synapses. In the present study, we continuously exposed chick retinal cell aggregates to a high concentration (1 mM) of carbamylcholine (carbachol), an acetylcholine (ACh) analog that resists hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This situation is similar to organophosphorus anticholinesterase poisoning in which the ACh level is elevated at synaptic junctions due to inhibition of AChE, Our objective was to determine whether continuous carbachol exposure either damaged cholino- ceptive neurites, cell bodies, and synaptic elements of the aggregates or influenced (hastened or retarded) their development.The retinal tissue was isolated aseptically from 11 day embryonic White Leghorn chicks and then enzymatically (trypsin) and mechanically (trituration) dissociated into single cells. After washing the cells by repeated suspension and low (about 200 x G) centrifugation twice, aggregate cell cultures (about l0 cells/culture) were initiated in 1.5 ml medium (BME, GIBCO) in 35 mm sterile culture dishes and maintained as experimental (containing 10-3 M carbachol) and control specimens.

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Meier ◽  
Anja König ◽  
Samuel Parak ◽  
Katharina Henke
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Indirect Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

Immune parameters and level of cortisol in patients with opiate addiction during withdrawal syndrome

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Т.П. Ветлугина ◽  
Е.В. Матафонова ◽  
Н.А. Бохан ◽  
В.Б. Никитина ◽  
А.И. Мандель ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Opiate Addiction ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome

Цель исследования: изучение динамики показателей иммунитета и уровня кортизола у больных опийной наркоманией в процессе терапии синдрома отмены. Методика. В исследование включено 136 больных опийной наркоманией (инъекции экстракта опия) с сформировавшейся физической зависимостью. Пациенты получали в стационаре стандартную терапию с полной отменой наркотика. Исследование проводилось на следующих этапах: при поступлении в стационар (опийный абстинентный синдром - ОАС); на 5-7-е сут. терапии (переход в постабстинентное состояние - ПАС); на 25-28-е сут. лечения (становление терапевтической ремиссии - СТР). Лабораторные методы включали определение количества лимфоцитов с рецепторами CD3, CD4, CD8, СD16, с рецепторами к дофамину (D-RFC); содержание иммуноглобулинов М, G, А, уровня кортизола и циркулирующих иммунных комплексов (ЦИК) в сыворотке крови. Результаты. Основной иммуноэндокринный паттерн на всех этапах терапии синдрома отмены характеризуется дефицитом субпопуляций Т-лимфоцитов CD3, CD4, СD8; увеличением числа лимфоцитов с рецепторами к дофамину (D-RFC); активацией гуморальных факторов иммунитета (IgM, IgG, ЦИК); высокой концентрацией кортизола. На этапе ОАС и ПАС эти изменения были наиболее выражены; на 25-28-е сут. лечения отмечена позитивная динамика Т-лимфоцитов СD3 и цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов (СD8); хелперы/индукторы CD4 оставались устойчиво сниженными; D-RFC лимфоциты, параметры гуморального иммунитета и концентрация кортизола - повышенными. Длительный срок наркотизации при употреблении высоких доз наркотика связан с большей выраженностью нарушений. Заключение. Установленная дизрегуляция параметров иммуноэндокринной системы у больных опийной наркоманией на всех этапах терапии синдрома отмены в наблюдаемые сроки (25-28 сут.) свидетельствует о неустойчивости достигнутой терапевтической ремиссии и необходимости проведения дальнейших реабилитационных мероприятий. The purpose: investigate changes in immunity parameters and cortisol level in subjects with opiate addiction during the treatment of opiate withdrawal syndrome. Methods. The study enrolled 136 subjects with opiate addiction with physical dependence receiving injections of opium extract. Patients received conventional therapy with complete opiate withdrawal. The study was performed at the following stages: at admission to the hospital (acute withdrawal syndrome (AWS); on days 5-7 of therapy (transition into post-withdrawal state - PWS); on days 25-28 of therapy (formation of therapeutic remission - FTR). Laboratory methods included determination count of lymphocytes with receptors CD3, CD4, CD8, СD16, with receptors to dopamine (D-RFC); the serum levels of IgМ, IgG, IgА, cortisol, circulating immune complexes (CIC). Results. The principal immunoendocrine pattern for all stages of withdrawal syndrome therapy is characterized in comparison to the reference normal values quantitative deficit of CD3, CD4, СD8 Т-lymphocyte subpopulations, increased count of lymphocytes with receptors to dopamine, activation of humoral immunity factors (IgM, IgG, CIC), high cortisol level. At AWS and PAS stages such changes are most pronounced; on days 25-28 of therapy positive changes in cytotoxic Т-lymphocytes (СD8) and Т-lymphocytes СD3 was revealed. CD4 count remained steadily reduced, count of lymphocytes with receptors to dopamine and cortisol level were elevated. Clinical and immunological analysis demonstrated that consumption of high opiate doses, long-term narcotization are associated with higher intensity of disorders detected. Conclusion. Dysregulation of immunoendocrine parameters was revealed in subjects with opiate addiction at all stages of withdrawal syndrome therapy within the term observed evidencing instability of therapeutic remission achieved and necessity in further rehabilitation events.

Strengthening of occupational health promotion by the German Prevention Health Care Act

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-190
Author(s):  
Diana Hart
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Occupational Health Promotion ◽  
And Control

All countries are faced with the problem of the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCD): implement prevention strategies eff ectively, keep up the momentum with long term benefi ts at the individual and the population level, at the same time tackling hea lth inequalities. Th e aff ordability of therapy and care including innovative therapies is going to be one of the key public health priorities in the years to come. Germany has taken in the prevention and control of NCDs. Germany’s health system has a long history of guaranteeing access to high-quality treatment through universal health care coverage. Th r ough their membership people are entitled to prevention and care services maintaining and restoring their health as well as long term follow-up. Like in many other countries general life expectancy has been increasing steadily in Germany. Currently, the average life expectancy is 83 and 79 years in women and men, respectively. Th e other side of the coin is that population aging is strongly associated with a growing burden of disease from NCDs. Already over 70 percent of all deaths in Germany are caused by four disease entities: cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes. Th ese diseases all share four common risk factors: smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity and overweight. At the same time, more and more people become long term survivors of disease due to improved therapy and care. Th e German Government and public health decision makers are aware of the need for action and have responded by initiating and implementing a wide spectrum of activities. One instrument by strengthening primary prevention is the Prevention Health Care Act. Its overarching aim is to prevent NCDs before they can manifest themselves by strengthening primary prevention and health promotion in diff erent sett ings. One of the main emphasis of the Prevention Health Care Act is the occupational health promotion at the workplace.

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