Gene expression in Xenopus embryogenesis

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 89 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Igor B. Dawid ◽  
Susan R. Haynes ◽  
Milan Jamrich ◽  
Erzsebet Jonas ◽  
Seiji Miyatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Cdna Cloning ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Gene Activity ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Midblastula Transition ◽  
First Time

This article considers some aspects of the storage of macromolecules in the oocyte of Xenopus laevis and the activation of previously unexpressed genes during early embryogenesis. The large quantity and complex nature of poly(A)+ RNA accumulated in the egg provides the cleavage embryo with a supply of mRNA sufficient to sustain protein synthesis for several hours of development. Onset of gene activity at the midblastula transition (MBT) leads to the synthesis and accumulation of molecules of various RNA classes, including tRNAs, rRNAs, mRNAs and mitochondrial RNAs. At gastrulation the poly(A)+ RNA population is still qualitatively similar to that of the egg but some sequences not present in egg RNA have accumulated by this time. Through the use of a subtractive cDNA cloning procedure we have prepared a library of sequences that represent genes activated for the first time between MBT and gastrula. A study of several of these cDNA clones suggests that genes in this class are restricted in their activity to embryonic and tadpole stages.

Differential gene expression in the anterior neural plate during gastrulation of Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jamrich ◽  
S. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Cement Gland ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Anteroposterior Polarity ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Embryos ◽  
Anterior Neural Plate

We have isolated three cDNA clones that are preferentially expressed in the cement gland of early Xenopus laevis embryos. These clones were used to study processes involved in the induction of this secretory organ. Results obtained show that the induction of this gland coincides with the process of neural induction. Genes specific for the cement gland are expressed very early in the anterior neural plate of stage-12 embryos. This suggests that the anteroposterior polarity of the neural plate is already established during gastrulation. At later stages of development, two of the three genes have secondary sites of expression. The expression of these genes can be induced in isolated animal caps by incubation in 10 mM-NH4Cl, a treatment that is known to induce cement glands.

scholarly journals Expression of the poly(A)-binding protein during development of Xenopus laevis.

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2756-2760 ◽  
Author(s):  
B D Zelus ◽  
D H Giebelhaus ◽  
D W Eib ◽  
K A Kenner ◽  
R T Moon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Protein Encoding

We have isolated and sequenced cDNA clones encoding the poly(A)-binding protein of Xenopus laevis oocytes. Polyclonal antiserum was raised against a fusion protein encoding 185 amino acids of the Xenopus poly(A)-binding protein. This antiserum localizes the poly(A)-binding protein to subcellular sites associated with protein synthesis; in the retina, immunoreactive protein is detected in the synthetically active inner segment of the photoreceptor but not in the transductive outer segment. Transcripts encoding the poly(A)-binding protein are present in oocytes, although no protein is detected on protein blots. In contrast, the levels of both transcripts and protein increase in development, which correlates with the observed increase in total poly(A) during Xenopus embryogenesis (N. Sagata, K. Shiokawa, and K. Yamana, Dev. Biol. 77:431-448, 1980).

scholarly journals Microtubule protein synthesis during oogenesis and early embryogenesis in Xenopus laevis

1975 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Q. W. Pestell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Microtubule Polymerization ◽  
Microtubule Protein

A method is described which permits the preparation of descrete classes of oocytes of different sizes from all stages of oogenesis in Xenopus laevis. This technique is used in the determination of the content of microtubule protein in oocytes during the course of oogenesis. These experiments show that microtubule protein is present in oocytes of all sizes assayed and that the amount is simply related to the volume of the oocyte. In the largest oocytes microtubule protein constitutes 1% of the soluble protein and this amount does not change on maturation and fertilization. These results show that the changes occurring in the oocyte on maturation which allow the cytoplasm to support microtubule polymerization occur as a result of a modification of the pre-existing microtubule protein, not from protein synthesis de novo. These experiments also indicate that the synthesis of microtubule protein either form ‘masked’ mRNA or from newly synthesized mRNA plays an insignificant role in microtubule protein synthesis at maturation, ovulation and immediately post-fertilization.

Expression of the poly(A)-binding protein during development of Xenopus laevis

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2756-2760
Author(s):  
B D Zelus ◽  
D H Giebelhaus ◽  
D W Eib ◽  
K A Kenner ◽  
R T Moon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Protein Encoding

We have isolated and sequenced cDNA clones encoding the poly(A)-binding protein of Xenopus laevis oocytes. Polyclonal antiserum was raised against a fusion protein encoding 185 amino acids of the Xenopus poly(A)-binding protein. This antiserum localizes the poly(A)-binding protein to subcellular sites associated with protein synthesis; in the retina, immunoreactive protein is detected in the synthetically active inner segment of the photoreceptor but not in the transductive outer segment. Transcripts encoding the poly(A)-binding protein are present in oocytes, although no protein is detected on protein blots. In contrast, the levels of both transcripts and protein increase in development, which correlates with the observed increase in total poly(A) during Xenopus embryogenesis (N. Sagata, K. Shiokawa, and K. Yamana, Dev. Biol. 77:431-448, 1980).

tiRNAs & tRFs Biogenesis and Regulation of Diseases: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (31) ◽  
pp. 5849-5861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Jiang ◽  
Feng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Reverse Transcriptases ◽  
Dna Damage Responses ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Viral Reverse Transcriptases

tiRNAs & tRFs are a class of small molecular noncoding tRNA derived from precise processing of mature or precursor tRNAs. Most tiRNAs & tRFs described originate from nucleus-encoded tRNAs, and only a few tiRNAs and tRFs have been reported. They have been suggested to play important roles in inhibiting protein synthesis, regulating gene expression, priming viral reverse transcriptases, and the modulation of DNA damage responses. However, the regulatory mechanisms and potential function of tiRNAs & tRFs remain poorly understood. This review aims to describe tiRNAs & tRFs, including their structure, biological functions and subcellular localization. The regulatory roles of tiRNAs & tRFs in translation, neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases, viral infections, and carcinogenesis are also discussed in detail. Finally, the potential applications of these noncoding tRNAs as biomarkers and gene regulators in different diseases is also highlighted.

cDNA Cloning and Gene Expression of Human Type Iα cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase

Hypertension ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohisa Tamura ◽  
Hiroshi Itoh ◽  
Yoshihiro Ogawa ◽  
Osamu Nakagawa ◽  
Masaki Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cdna Cloning ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Human Type ◽  
Cgmp Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Protein
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document