Regeneration from isolated half limbs in the upper arm of the axolotl

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-347
Author(s):  
Peter Wigmore ◽  
Nigel Holder
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Posterior Half ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Digit Number ◽  
Dorsoventral Axis ◽  
Anterior Dorsal ◽  
Posterior Anterior

A technique enabling the isolation of half limb stumps using strips of skin from the head is described. Using this technique posterior, anterior, dorsal and ventral halves of the upper arms of axolotls were constructed. All halves produced regenerates and regional differences were shown in the regenerative and regulative abilites of the different halves. Posterior half stumps regenerated limbs with a mean digit number of 3·9 and had a normal dorsoventral muscle pattern. Anterior halves produced hypomorphic limbs with a mean digit number of 1·2 while dorsal and ventral halves produced an average of 3·8 and 2·6 respectively. Regenerates from dorsal half stumps had a normal dorsoventral axis but the majority of those from ventral halves were either double ventral or had little muscle on the dorsal side of the limb.

Regeneration from half lower arms in the axolotl

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
Peter Wigmore
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Half ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Digit Number ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Skeletal Structures ◽  
Anterior Dorsal ◽  
Anterior Half ◽  
Ventral Muscle ◽  
Posterior Anterior

A technique involving grafting of pieces of skin from the head onto the limb in order to isolate halves of the limb is described. This technique was used to isolate posterior, anterior, dorsal and ventral halves of the lower arm. All halves produced regenerates but no part of the limb was able to produce a high proportion of regenerates with a complete pattern of skeletal structures. Posterior half stumps regenerated limbs with a mean digit number of 2.7 and had a normal dorsoventral muscle pattern. Anterior half stumps produced a high proportion of single-digit regenerates and had a mean digit number of 1.3. Dorsal and ventral half stumps regenerated limbs with a mean digit number of 2.8 and 2.3 respectively. Hypomorphic regenerates from dorsal and ventral half stumps often had only dorsal or ventral muscle. These results are in contrast to those from the upper arm (Wigmore & Holder, 1985) where a complete skeletal and muscular pattern regenerated from posterior and dorsal halves and hypomorphic regenerates were obtained from anterior and ventral half limbs.

F-actin localization during trochoblast differentiation embryos

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-845
Author(s):  
F. Serras ◽  
J.E. Speksnijder
Keyword(s):  
Basal Body ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Dorsoventral Axis ◽  
Patella Vulgata ◽  
Apical Cytoplasm ◽  
Locomotory Behavior ◽  
Basal Apparatus ◽  
Actin Localization ◽  
Swimming Capacity

We have studied the development of the ciliated, Patella vulgata trochophore larvae. This organ, the different clones of trochoblasts. In each of these filamentous (F-) actin is formed at the time that which we visualized with TRITC-phalloidin, is cilia that crosses each trochoblast. Isolated quartets of animal micromeres (from which the form rows of cilia and F-actin bands at the proper embryos, the trochoblasts shift their position form a ring of differentiated prototroch cells with a encircling the entire larva. At the dorsal side, a and thus a double band of F-actin is present. In double F-actin band are found in trochophores in which dorsoventral axis is inhibited experimentally. shows that the F-actin band extends from the apical cytoplasm of the prototroch cells. At the rootlet connected to the basal body of each cilium can the cytoplasm toward the nucleus, and a band of actin- interconnect neighboring basal apparatus. Treatment of cytochalasin B disrupts the organization of the F- TRITC-phalloidin, affects the angle of the effective reduces their swimming capacity. This suggests that for the normal locomotory behavior of the Patella

The site of fertilisation determines dorsoventral polarity but not chirality in the zebra mussel embryo

Zygote ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Marc Luetjens ◽  
Adriaan W.C. Dorresteijn
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Dorsoventral Axis ◽  
Dorsoventral Polarity ◽  
Sperm Entry ◽  
Two Factors

The dorsoventral polarity of unequally cleaving spiralian embryos becomes established at an early stage. The factors determining the position of the dorsoventral axis are still unknown. We present data showing that the sperm entry point (SEP) in both normal development and under experimental conditions determines the position of the first cleavage furrow in Dreissena embryos. The position of the spindles at second cleavage is directed by the site of fertilisation also, and the large, dorsal D quadrant of the 4-cell stage always forms opposite the SEP. The spiral chirality at third cleavage seems to be independent of both the fertilisation point and the arrangement of the quadrants. Dextral and sinistral third cleavages are found in a single egg batch, but sinistral cleavages prevail. We postulate that two factors coordinate the proper positioning of the dorsoventral axis. The sperm entry point as an epigenetic factor determines the dorsal side of the embryo. But since the dorsoventral axis forms oblique to the first cleavage furrow, this first decision is still ambiguous, and a second decision is required that, due to the alternative chirality of spiral cleavage, finally sets up the dorsoventral axis.

The Xenopus homologue of Bicaudal-C is a localized maternal mRNA that can induce endoderm formation

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (10) ◽  
pp. 2053-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Wessely ◽  
E.M. De Robertis
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Mesoderm Induction ◽  
Midblastula Transition ◽  
Dorsoventral Axis ◽  
Maternal Mrna ◽  
Zygotic Transcription ◽  
Maternal Mrnas ◽  
Synthetic Mrna

In Xenopus, zygotic transcription starts 6 hours after fertilization at the midblastula transition and therefore the first steps in embryonic development are regulated by maternally inherited proteins and mRNAs. While animal-vegetal polarity is already present in the oocyte, the dorsoventral axis is only established upon fertilization by the entry of the sperm and the subsequent rotation of the egg cortex. In a screen for maternal mRNAs whose stability is regulated by this cortical rotation, we isolated the Xenopus homologue of the Drosophila gene Bicaudal-C (xBic-C). It encodes a putative RNA-binding molecule expressed maternally and localized predominantly to the vegetal half of the egg. Upon fertilization and cortical rotation, xBic-C mRNA is displaced together with the heavy yolk towards the future dorsal side of the embryo. In UV-ventralized embryos, xBic-C is polyadenylated less than in untreated embryos that undergo cortical rotation. Overexpression of xBic-C by injection of synthetic mRNA in whole embryos or in ectodermal explants leads to ectopic endoderm formation. This endoderm-inducing activity is dependent on the presence of the RNA-binding domain of the protein. In contrast to the two other known maternally encoded endoderm inducers, Vg1 and VegT, xBic-C ectopic expression leads specifically to endoderm formation in the absence of mesoderm induction.

High-voltage EM description of the types and distribution of sensory endings in the inner conical body of the rat vibrissal follicle-sinus complex

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
Tony M. Mosconi ◽  
Min J. Song ◽  
Frank L. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Sensory Innervation ◽  
Conical Body ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Perpendicular Plane ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Unmyelinated Axons ◽  
Sensory Endings

Whiskers or vibrissal follicle-sinus complexes (F-SCs) on the snouts of many mammalian species are structures that have complex, dense sensory innervation. The innervation of F-SCs is remarkably similar in all species with the exception of one site - the inner conical body (ICB). The ICB is an elongated cylindrical structure that encircles the hair shaft near the neck of the follicle. This site has received only cursory attention in ultrastructural studies of the F-SCAdult rats were perfused after the method of Renehan and Munger2. F-SCs were quartered longitudinally and embedded separately in Epon-Araldite. Serial 0.25 μm sections were cut in either the longitudinal or perpendicular plane through the ICB and examined with an AEI EM7 1.2 MV HVEM (Albany, NY) at 1000 KV. Sensory endings were reconstructed from serial micrographs through at least 20 μm in the longitudinal plane and through 10 μm in the perpendicular plane.From two to six small superficial vibrissal nerves converge upon the neck of the F-SC and descend into the ICB. The nerves branch into smaller bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons along the dorsal side of the hair shaft.

Abstract #379 The Eversense CGM System Accuracy and Safety Assessment on the Abdomen Compared to the Upper Arm in a Home Use Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Magnus Löndahl ◽  
Mona Landin-Olsson ◽  
Stig Attval ◽  
Colleen Mdingi ◽  
Katherine S Tweden
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Upper Arm

The Upper Arm Free Flap

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruyao Song ◽  
Yeguang Song ◽  
Yuseng Yu ◽  
Yeliang Song
Keyword(s):  
Free Flap ◽  
Upper Arm
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