Chromosomal changes associated with changes in development

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 83 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Bostock
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chromosomal Changes ◽  
Normal Differentiation ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes

In the past there has been a tendency to dwell on aspects of chromosomes which stress constancy of structure, number and content; even to the extent of dismissing exceptions as ‘aberrations’ or ‘oddities’. It is now becoming clear that genomes can be quite plastic, and that structural changes to chromosomes are an important and often necessary part of normal differentiation and development. Elimination of whole chromosome sets or defined portions of genomes is not uncommon and selective gene amplification has been shown to be part of normal development in both protozoa and higher organisms. Chromosomal rearrangements are now a well-documented feature of normal development of, for example, B- and T- lymphocytes and trypanosomes. Transposable elements, whose mobility may not be part of normal developmental processes, can have marked effects on development if their transposition takes them to developmentally important genes. This article reviews some of the structural changes that occur during normal development, and discusses some of the consequences for development when the mechanisms which bring about these rearrangements go wrong.

scholarly journals SP400EFFECT OF CHOLECALCIFEROL SUPPLEMENTATION ON TLR7, TLR9, IL-6 AND IFN-Y EXPRESSION IN B AND T LYMPHOCYTES ON CHRONIC DIALYSIS PATIENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. iii511-iii511
Author(s):  
Jose Tarcisio Giffoni de Carvalho ◽  
Marion Schneider ◽  
Lilian Cuppari ◽  
Caren Cristina Grabulosa ◽  
Silvia Regina Manfredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Chronic Dialysis ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Cholecalciferol Supplementation ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes

scholarly journals Bridging autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad M. El-Shebiny ◽  
Enas S. Zahran ◽  
Sabry A. Shoeib ◽  
Eman S. Habib
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
High Titre ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
Autoinflammatory Diseases ◽  
Main Body ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes

Abstract Background Autoimmunity is used to cause by impairment of adaptive immunity alone, whereas autoinflammatory was originally defined as a consequence of unregulated innate immunity. So, the pathogenetic mechanisms of autoimmune diseases were well-thought-out to be mediated by B and T lymphocytes. Whereas, autoinflammatory diseases were defined as unprovoked times of inflammation with the absence of a high titre of autoantibodies. Main body of the abstract Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases were split into two groups, but considering the similarities, it can be considered as only one group of diseases with a large immune pathological and clinical spectrum which involves at one end pure autoimmune diseases and the other pure autoinflammatory diseases. Conclusions We can safely conclude that there is bridging between autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Transposable Elements and Teleost Migratory Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Elisa Carotti ◽  
Federica Carducci ◽  
Adriana Canapa ◽  
Marco Barucca ◽  
Samuele Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
Eukaryotic Genomes

Transposable elements (TEs) represent a considerable fraction of eukaryotic genomes, thereby contributing to genome size, chromosomal rearrangements, and to the generation of new coding genes or regulatory elements. An increasing number of works have reported a link between the genomic abundance of TEs and the adaptation to specific environmental conditions. Diadromy represents a fascinating feature of fish, protagonists of migratory routes between marine and freshwater for reproduction. In this work, we investigated the genomes of 24 fish species, including 15 teleosts with a migratory behaviour. The expected higher relative abundance of DNA transposons in ray-finned fish compared with the other fish groups was not confirmed by the analysis of the dataset considered. The relative contribution of different TE types in migratory ray-finned species did not show clear differences between oceanodromous and potamodromous fish. On the contrary, a remarkable relationship between migratory behaviour and the quantitative difference reported for short interspersed nuclear (retro)elements (SINEs) emerged from the comparison between anadromous and catadromous species, independently from their phylogenetic position. This aspect is likely due to the substantial environmental changes faced by diadromous species during their migratory routes.

scholarly journals Cytogenomics Unveil Possible Transposable Elements Driving Rearrangements in Chromosomes 2 and 4 of Solea senegalensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
María Esther Rodríguez ◽  
Ismael Cross ◽  
Alberto Arias-Pérez ◽  
Silvia Portela-Bens ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Merlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Cynoglossus Semilaevis ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
Reference Species ◽  
Artificial Chromosomes

Cytogenomics, the integration of cytogenetic and genomic data, has been used here to reconstruct the evolution of chromosomes 2 and 4 of Solea senegalensis. S. senegalensis is a flat fish with a karyotype comprising 2n = 42 chromosomes: 6 metacentric + 4 submetacentric + 8 subtelocentric + 24 telocentric. The Fluorescence in situ Hybridization with Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (FISH-BAC) technique was applied to locate BACs in these chromosomes (11 and 10 BACs in chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively) and to generate integrated maps. Synteny analysis, taking eight reference fish species (Cynoglossus semilaevis, Scophthalmus maximus, Sparus aurata, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Xiphophorus maculatus, Oryzias latipes, Danio rerio, and Lepisosteus oculatus) for comparison, showed that the BACs of these two chromosomes of S. senegalensis were mainly distributed in two principal chromosomes in the reference species. Transposable Elements (TE) analysis showed significant differences between the two chromosomes, in terms of number of loci per Mb and coverage, and the class of TE (I or II) present. Analysis of TE divergence in chromosomes 2 and 4 compared to their syntenic regions in four reference fish species (C. semilaevis, S. maximus, O. latipes, and D. rerio) revealed differences in their age of activity compared with those species but less notable differences between the two chromosomes. Differences were also observed in peaks of divergence and coverage of TE families for all reference species even in those close to S. senegalensis, like S. maximus and C. semilaevis. Considered together, chromosomes 2 and 4 have evolved by Robertsonian fusions, pericentric inversions, and other chromosomal rearrangements mediated by TEs.

TNFR2 but not TNFR1 is the main TNFR expressed by B and T lymphocytes in breast cancer draining lymph nodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atri Ghods ◽  
Abbas Ghaderi ◽  
Mahmoud Shariat ◽  
Abdol-Rasoul Talei ◽  
Fereshteh Mehdipour
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes

New insights into the structural basis of integrin activation

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping Xiong ◽  
Thilo Stehle ◽  
Simon L. Goodman ◽  
M. Amin Arnaout
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Integrin Activation ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Bidirectional Signaling ◽  
New Hypothesis

Abstract Integrins are cell adhesion receptors that communicate biochemical and mechanical signals in a bidirectional manner across the plasma membrane and thus influence most cellular functions. Intracellular signals switch integrins into a ligand-competent state as a result of elicited conformational changes in the integrin ectodomain. Binding of extracellular ligands induces, in turn, structural changes that convey distinct signals to the cell interior. The structural basis of this bidirectional signaling has been the focus of intensive study for the past 3 decades. In this perspective, we develop a new hypothesis for integrin activation based on recent crystallographic, electron microscopic, and biochemical studies.

The role of STAT5 in the development, function, and transformation of B and T lymphocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 1217 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Heltemes-Harris ◽  
Mark J. L. Willette ◽  
Kieng B. Vang ◽  
Michael A. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes

scholarly journals Micronucleus Induction in Human B and T Lymphocytes Separated by an Immunomagnetic Technique

Hereditas ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benkt Högstedt ◽  
Anita Karlsson ◽  
Ingrid Bratt ◽  
Anders Holmén
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Micronucleus Induction ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes

scholarly journals Differential control of CD22 ligand expression on B and T lymphocytes, and enhanced expression in murine systemic lupus

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1612-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fr�d�ric Lajaunias ◽  
Akinori Ida ◽  
Shuichi Kikuchi ◽  
Liliane Fossati-Jimack ◽  
Eduardo Martinez-Soria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Ligand Expression ◽  
Differential Control ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document