Growth and Ascorbic Acid Content of the Chick Embryo

Development ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-539
Author(s):  
L. M. Rinaldini
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Concentration ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
The One

Ascorbic acid (ASA) is actively synthesized by germinating plant seeds (see Mapson, 1953), and by the embryos of various animal species (refs. in Needham, 1942). Hauge & Garrick (quoted by Needham, 1931) found no ASA in the unincubated hen's egg. This was confirmed by Ray (1934), who showed that the vitamin C content of the chick embryo increases gradually after incubation of the egg. Since the egg is a closed system, it follows that the chick embryo can synthesize its own ASA and that the ASA content of the embryo at any given stage must be the balance between synthesis and utilization. It was, therefore, considered of interest to make daily weighings and ASA estimations throughout development with the more sensitive methods now available in order to examine the possible relations between embryonic weight and ASA content on the one hand, and between growth rate and ascorbic acid concentration on the other.

scholarly journals The workers of the Donbas coal mines in the post reform period

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
І.В. Довжук
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Donets Basin ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
The One ◽  
Intensive Development

The article deals with the problems of providing labor in the coalmines of the Donets Basin in the post reform period. Attention is drawn to the use of female and child labor in the production process, and the conditions under which this happened are being ascertained. It is noted that the intensive development of the coal industry in the 1880-1890s led, on the one hand, to a high growth rate in the number of workers employed in coal mining, and on the other, it exacerbated the deficit of this category of workers. Gradually, with the development of industry in the region, a constant contingent of miners took shape.  As a result, the so-called mining families began to form in the coal industry of Donbass, which later became a tangible source of replenishing the ranks of workers.

Über die quantitative Verteilung der Ascorbinsäure innerhalb der Pflanzenzelle

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1146-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Franke ◽  
Ulrich Heber
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leaf Cell ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
High Figure

Leaves, which had been killed in liquid air, were freeze dried and then fractionated by a nonaqueous method. Two fractions were obtained, one consisting of chloroplasts and the other of cytoplasm, vacuolar constituents, cell walls and residual chloroplasts. Calculation of the intracellular distribution of ascorbic acid based on the analysis of the two fractions revealed that 40 to 50% of the total ascorbic acid content of the cells is located within the chloroplasts. Since chloroplasts occupy less than 10% of the total volume of the cells, this high figure is direct evidence of an unequal distribution of ascorbic acid within the leaf cell.

Relationship between some Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic factors and growth rates and somatic cell counts

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Zecconi ◽  
Enrica Binda ◽  
Vitaliano Borromeo ◽  
Renata Piccinini
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Binding Protein Gene ◽  
The One

Staphylococcus aureus isolates produce several pathogenic factors. The combination of these products influences the pathogenic role of different isolates, but their specific effects are well known in the pathogenesis of udder infections. This study focused on the association of polymorphism of the coagulase gene, protein A gene, collagen-binding protein gene, and of fibrinogen-binding protein gene on somatic cell count (SCC) and on Staph. aureus growth rate. Fifty Staph. aureus isolates from 13 dairy cow herds, located in seven different provinces, were considered. The results showed a low frequency of cna gene, similar to the one observed in human isolates. Meanwhile, the high frequency of efb gene indirectly confirmed the role of this factor in bacterial pathogenesis, being associated with adhesion to epithelia. The association of these two single genes with SCC and growth rate showed to be not significant. The polymorphism of spa gene was confirmed to be significantly associated with inflammatory response and growth rate, albeit with a pattern different from the one suggested for human isolates. Sorting of isolates based on the clusters obtained by combining polymorphisms of spa and coa genes and the presence of cna and efb genes, showed that a single cluster (cluster V) was prevalent in the different herds and provinces, while the other six clusters identified were widely spread among the remaining 60% of the isolates. Results showed that clusters VI and VII had significantly higher growth rates at 3, 4, and 6 h in comparison with the other clusters. Meanwhile, quarters infected with these strains showed significantly lower SCC levels. The frequency of isolates from cluster V, suggested that they should possess pathogenic factors increasing their invasiveness, even if in the presence of a stronger inflammatory response. These results indirectly confirm previous findings on the different interactions between isolates and the udder immune system. They also suggest that isolates with higher growth rates and inducing a lower inflammatory response have better chances to spread among the herd. The relatively simple genomic method proposed in this study could be applied by an increasing number of diagnostic laboratories and could be useful in studying the epidemiology of Staph. aureus intramammary infections in dairy herds when collecting data from the field.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF APPLYING PARAQUAT, ATRAZINE AND SIMAZINE FOR WEED CONTROL IN RASPBERRIES IN COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Winter Annuals ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Early spring and fall applications of a mixture of paraquat 2.2 kg and simazine 2.2 to 3.4 kg/ha repeated over a 3-year period provided excellent weed control without adversely affecting raspberry yield. Paraquat 2.2 kg/ha applied in April gave good broadleaf weed control for 2 months and fairly good grass control for 3 months. Fall applications suppressed grasses and controlled winter annuals through to spring. Combining paraquat with simazine eliminated the need for pre-treatment hoeing or cultivation and prolonged weed control. Atrazine 3.4 and 5.6 kg/ha applied in the spring resulted in excellent control of grass and broadleaf weeds. But, fall applications were not as effective for weed control as the paraquat and hoe-plus-simazine treatments. Atrazine 5.6 kg/ha caused chlorosis and necrosis of the raspberry leaves and reduced yields. Simazine, on the other hand, caused little or no leaf injury, but it also reduced yields at the 5.6-kg rate. Fruit quality was not affected significantly by any treatment, although atrazine and simazine tended to increase ascorbic acid content.

STUDIES ON THE LIVETINS OF EGG YOLK: III. HETEROGENEITY AND IMMUNOELECTROPHORETIC BEHAVIOR OF BETA-LIVETIN

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1357-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun-Fong Hui ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The One

Starch-gel electrophoresis of the total livetins of hen's egg yolk resolved 16 zones: seven major zones, six minor zones, and three faint, diffuse zones. One zone was identified with the major component of paper electrophoretic alpha-livetin and hence with serum albumin. Four of the major zones were identified with the major components of paper electrophoretic beta-livetin on the one hand, and with an electrophoretically heterogeneous livetin antigen (livetin antigen 3) on the other hand, thus establishing the electrophoretic heterogeneity and relative immunological homogeneity of the paper electrophoretic beta-livetin fraction. The other two major starch-gel electrophoretic zones were identified as transferrins by their positive staining reaction for iron and comparison of their mobilities with two corresponding serum starch-gel fractions.

scholarly journals Composition of Four Potato Cultivars in Relation to Cold Storage and Reconditioning

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Okeyo ◽  
Mosbah M. Kushad
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Sugar Content

`Atlantic', `BelRus', `Kennebec', and `Superior' potatoes (Solarium tuberosum L.) were evaluated for ascorbic acid, soluble protein, and sugar content (reducing and nonreducing) at harvest, after 6 weeks of storage at 3C, and after 2 weeks of reconditioning at 25C. At harvest, ascorbic acid and soluble protein contents varied among the cultivars, with `Superior' containing the highest ascorbic acid (154 mg/100 g dry weight) and soluble protein content (46.4 mg·g−1 dry weight). Cold storage resulted in a drastic reduction (±50%) in ascorbic acid content in all four cultivars. Ascorbic acid also decreased during reconditioning of tubers, but the reduction was less than during cold storage. In contrast, soluble protein contents were not influenced significantly by cold storage or reconditioning, except for `BelRus' and `Kennebec', which had less protein after reconditioning. At harvest, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents were at similar levels in all cultivars, except for fructose in `Kennebec', which was more than 2-fold higher. `Kennebec' also had a significantly lower specific gravity than the other cultivars. However, unlike the other cultivars, reconditioning of `Kennebec' tubers did not affect its specific gravity or total sugar content. Data suggest that `Kennebec's' poor processing quality may have resulted from a combination of low specific gravity and high total sugar content.

scholarly journals l-Ascorbic acid content and antioxidant capacity in less-known fruit juices

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 359-365
Author(s):  
Ivo Soural ◽  
Petr Šnurkovič ◽  
Monika Bieniasz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Eight less-known juices are characterised and contents are monitored of selected substances and nutritional parameters. 100% juices were produced of Aloe Vera, Aronia, Blackcurrant, Black elder, Cranberry, Malpighia, Pomegranate and Seaberry by pressing, including the flesh. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and ascorbic acid (AA) content were analysed as other parameters. The juices were measured on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as the content of trolox, where the highest levels were found for Malpighia 63.2 mM, when the value was significantly different (P < 0.05) compared with all the other juices, while Aloe Vera had lowest levels with 0.4 mM. The Aronia juice possessed the highest level of TPC (8297 mg of GAE/l). TAC levels very well corresponded with TPC levels while AA content actually did not correlate with TAC values. In addition to the objective analysis, the juices were subjected to a sensory evaluation. Blackcurrant presents an attractive product from the sensorial aspect as well as in terms of the nutritional value.

Colonial and Postcolonial Birds of Game, Games of Bird

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzia Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
The One

This chapter examines the figurative play of birds in two works that illuminate the colonial and neo-colonial collusion of wildlife conservation and Big Game politics in Africa. The historical backdrop for Yvette Christiansë’s Unconfessed (2006), set during the transfer between Dutch and British systems of slavery in Cape Colony, coincides with the transformation of certain animal species into “Game.” The chapter examines how the figurative play on seagulls (and bird-shit) articulates, as postcolonial critique, the interrelation between discourses of slavery and Big Game conservation. Turning then to the documentary film Serengeti Shall Not Die (1959), the chapter examines how its vision of wildlife conservation depends on a technological projection of spectral bird and animal forms that perpetuates colonial regimes of enslavement and big game politics through a neo-colonial displacement of human populations in the name of conservation. Tracing the effect of Derrida’s “animot” (and Lippit’s “animetaphor”) through both of these works, the chapter reads the postcolonial critique of the one (in the bird-shit of its seagulls) and the neo-colonial technology of the other (in the bird’s-eye view of the aircraft camouflaged with zebra-stripes) as illustrating the ongoing agonistic struggle between colonial and neo-colonial forms of wildlife conservation and big game politics.

The Art Market

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pieth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Art Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Regulatory Pressure ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The One ◽  
Heads Of State

This chapter covers the worldwide art markets that as a group have experienced a dramatic surge in corruption over the last decade. The reasons given for this extraordinary growth rate are on the one hand the low return on classic investments or investment tools since the crisis of 2008 and on the other hand the regulatory pressure on the banking system. Abuses are rather diversified with problematic transactions including trading in looted objects (be it looted by the Nazis or items from illegal digging in Tuscani, or more recently even the systemic exploitation of antiquities by the “Islamic State” to fund their war effort), professional counterfeiting and fake or incorrect certificates, or the sale of art for the purpose of money laundering. Of course, here all sorts of graft and illicit enrichment (e.g. by heads of state, ministers, or other officials), come into play.

scholarly journals Growth, ascorbic acid and iron contents of tissues of young guinea-pigs whose dams received high or low levels of dietary ascorbic acid or Fe during pregnancy and suckling

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Bates ◽  
T. D. Cowen ◽  
Harumi Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Intake ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fe Storage ◽  
Very High

1. Guinea-pig dams were fed on purified diets containing high (5 g/kg diet plus 1 g/l drinking water) or moderate (0.5 g/kg diet) levels of ascorbic acid, in combination with high (1 g/kg diet) or moderate (0.043 g/kg diet) levels of iron, during pregnancy and suckling. Their offsprings' diets contained 0.1 g ascorbic acid/kg and 0.04 g Fe/kg.2. High ascorbic acid intake clearly enhanced both tissue ascorbate and Fe storage in the dams, and high Fe intake increased both the dams' and the pups' tissue Fe stores.3. In the animals receiving high Fe intake, a co-existing high ascorbate intake by the dams reduced the growth rate of the offspring, but only during the early stages of development, not during the later stages of post-weaning growth. All the pups' tissue ascorbate levels fell after weaning, but those born of the dams receiving the high ascorbic acid diets did not fall to levels lower than those of the other pups.4. Thus, although certain disadvantages to the offspring resulting from very-high ascorbic acid intake by pregnant guinea-pig dams were detected, these did not include permanently increased ascorbate requirements, and hence a progression to scurvy as the pups grew and matured.

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