scholarly journals The Effect of Benzimidazole on the Differentiation of Ectodermal Explants from the Gastrulae of Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-404
Author(s):  
F. Billett ◽  
S. K. Brahma
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
General Kind ◽  
The Way

The treatment of amphibian and chick embryos during the early stages of development with small concentrations of benzimidazole, and some of its derivatives, results in the formation of abnormal embryos (Liedke, Engleman, & Graff, 1954; Waddington, Feldman, & Perry, 1955a; Billett & Perry, 1957 a, b). The gross effects produced by these substances are of a fairly general kind. Abnormal gastrulation, decomposition of neurulae, and microcephaly are produced in Amphibia. Rather less well-defined abnormalities, involving the head, neural tube, and somites, are seen in the chick. The way in which these abnormalities are produced is not known. The idea that benzimidazole acts simply as a purine anti-metabolite is not well founded (Slonimski, 1954). The work of Tamm and his colleagues (Tamm, Folkers, Shunk, & Horsfall, 1953; Tamm, 1958) has shown that benzimidazole and certain of its derivatives inhibit the growth of some viruses.

The origin of the abnormalities of the inner ear in dreher mice

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-733
Author(s):  
M. S. Deol
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Otic Vesicle ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages

The anatomy and development of the inner ear in dreher (dr/dr) mice has been described in detail by Fischer (1956, 1957, 1958). The abnormalities first appear at the 10-day stage, and consist in the retarded development of Anson's folds (Anson, 1934). In the adult labyrinth the cochlear tube is shorter than normal and not so tightly coiled, the scala media opens widely into the sacculus without the intervention of a ductus reuniens, and the sacculus similarly opens into the utriculus without saccular and utricular ducts. These abnormalities may be viewed as signs of an incomplete or weak differentiation of the otic vesicle. As it is known from experiments on amphibians and birds that the differentiation of the otic vesicle into a multi-chambered labyrinth depends on the inductive influence of the neural tube (Harrison, 1945; Detwiler & van Dyke, 1950; Yntema, 1950), and as there is some evidence that this is also true of mammals (Deol, 1964), it was thought that an examination of the neural tube in dreher mice in early stages of development would be desirable.

scholarly journals The Halal Industry from a Shari'ah Perspective

ICR Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-612
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashim Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The halal industry is still in its early stages of development, and efforts to chart the way forward in compliance with Islamic principles are desirable and necessary. As with Islamic banking in the early years, this industry has also been largely driven by market demands and realities. It would be advisable to enrich the achievements of the halal industry with research efforts that advance a better understanding of Islamic principles and the scientific knowledge relevant to our concerns. The article begins with a review of evidence in the Qur'an and hadith on the halal or mubah, and then proceeds to address the haram. The later part of the article covers the reprehensible (makruh) and the recommendable (mandub) respectively, as well as fiqh and the relationship between Islam and science.  

scholarly journals The Effects of Lacosamide in the Early Stages of Neural Tube Development in Chick Embryos

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Beyhan GÜRCÜ ◽  
Tülay Oludağ Mete ◽  
Fatih Çöllü ◽  
Işıl Aydemir ◽  
M. İbrahim Tuğlu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Neural Tube Development

scholarly journals The thyroid hormone receptor gene (c-erbA alpha) is expressed in advance of thyroid gland maturation during the early embryonic development of Xenopus laevis.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 5079-5089 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Banker ◽  
J Bigler ◽  
R N Eisenman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Xenopus Development

The c-erbA proto-oncogene encodes the thyroid hormone receptor, a ligand-dependent transcription factor which plays an important role in vertebrate growth and development. To define the role of the thyroid hormone receptor in developmental processes, we have begun studying c-erbA gene expression during the ontogeny of Xenopus laevis, an organism in which thyroid hormone has well-documented effects on morphogenesis. Using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) as a sensitive assay of specific gene expression, we found that polyadenylated erbA alpha RNA is present in Xenopus cells at early developmental stages, including the fertilized egg, blastula, gastrula, and neurula. By performing erbA alpha-specific PCR on reverse-transcribed RNAs from high-density sucrose gradient fractions prepared from early-stage embryos, we have demonstrated that these erbA transcripts are recruited to polysomes. Therefore, erbA is expressed in Xenopus development prior to the appearance of the thyroid gland anlage in tailbud-stage embryos. This implies that erbA alpha/thyroid hormone receptors may play ligand-independent roles during the early development of X. laevis. Quantitative PCR revealed a greater than 25-fold range in the steady-state levels of polyadenylated erbA alpha RNA across early stages of development, as expressed relative to equimolar amounts of total embryonic RNA. Substantial increases in the levels of erbA alpha RNA were noted at stages well after the onset of zygotic transcription at the mid-blastula transition, with accumulation of erbA alpha transcripts reaching a relative maximum in advance of metamorphosis. We also show that erbA alpha RNAs are expressed unequally across Xenopus neural tube embryos. This differential expression continues through later stages of development, including metamorphosis. This finding suggests that erbA alpha/thyroid hormone receptors may play roles in tissue-specific processes across all of Xenopus development.

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