The Growth of the Locust Embryo

Development ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-162
Author(s):  
E. A. Salzen
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Physical Data ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Locust Embryo

It would appear that the growth of an insect embryo has never been measured, and, indeed, with the exception of Ranzi's (1929, 1930) work on Sepia, all the available information on embryonic growth pertains to vertebrates. The object of the present study was to obtain measures of the growth of the locust embryo. Such data, together with other relevant physical data on changes in the developing egg, are needed to provide a basis for further studies on the energetics of growth and development. It is also important to know whether the principles of vertebrate embryonic growth may be usefully applied to the insect embryo. The eggs used were those of Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. & F.). They are laid in pods, 22–81 eggs per pod according to Roonwal (1936a), are among the largest of insect eggs (6–8 mm. length), and are highly telolecithal.

Permeability to Water of the Shell of the Egg of Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides, with Observations on the Egg of Teleogryllus Commodus

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
T. O. BROWNING
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Diapausing Eggs ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Teleogryllus Commodus ◽  
Osmotic Solution ◽  
Egg Shells

1. Eggs of Locusta migratoria migratorioides were cut open at one end, the tissues were removed, and the empty egg shells were filled with water or with an osmotic solution. The open end was tied off to form a balloon. Balloons containing water were placed in osmotic solutions, and those containing a solution were immersed water. 2. Balloons were made from eggs 1 or 2 days old before water absorption had begun, from eggs during the course of rapid water absorption and from eggs which water absorption was complete. Diapausing and non-diapausing eggs were used. The hydropylar end of the egg was included in the balloons in half the observations. 3. All balloons containing solution gained water and all those containing water lost it. Shells from diapausing eggs were much less permeable than all other categories Little difference was observed between balloons whether the hydropylar end was present or not. 4. Eggs exposed to unsaturated air lost water rapidly, except those in diapause. 5. Balloons made with the shells of young eggs of Teleogryllus commodus were also permeable to water in both directions. 6. The results are discussed in the light of their contribution to an understanding of the control of the absorption of water in insect eggs.

The Penetration of Some Non-Polar Molecules in Solution Through the Egg-Shells of Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides AND Teleogryllus Commodus

1972 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-773
Author(s):  
T. O. BROWNING
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Polar Molecules ◽  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Teleogryllus Commodus ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Surrounding Liquid

1. The micropylar ends of eggs of Locusta migratoria migratoria were cut off, the tissues were removed, and the empty egg-shells were filled with water or with a solution. The open end was tied off to form a balloon. Balloons containing water were placed in a solution, and those containing solution were placed in water. 2. Balloons containing glucose solution swelled in water and those placed in glucose solution shrank. Little change was observed either in balloons containing urea or in those placed in urea. Results with solutions of malonamide were erratic. 3. Empty egg-shells of Teleogryllus commodus were perfused with radioactive solutions of substances of varying hydrated molecular radii. The smaller molecules (acetamide and urea) passed through the shell into the surrounding liquid more rapidly than the larger ones (glucose and ribose). Shells in which the serosal cuticle was absent were more permeable than those in which it was present. 4. Molecules penetrated living eggs much less readily than they passed out through dead egg-shells. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the permeability of the shells of insect eggs to water and their capacity to restrict the leaching of molecules from the tissues of the egg.

scholarly journals SURVIVAL OF MIGRATORY LOCUST AT DIFFERENT KEEPING CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Gerus ◽  
◽  
Y.S. Tokarev ◽  
G.R. Lednev ◽  
M.B. Levchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Gregarious Locusts

In this article we studied the conditions for keeping two species of gregarious locusts: the African migratory locust (Locusta migratoria migratorioides) and the Asian migratory locust (Locusta migratoria migratoria) in open and shaded areas. Based on the data obtained, it is shown that the survival rate of insects of the non-diapausal subspecies was higher in comparison with the obligate monovoltine.

Some Temperature Responses of Nymphs of Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides (R. & F.), with Special Reference to Aggregation

1955 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-139
Author(s):  
R. F. CHAPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Temperature Responses ◽  
Definite Temperature ◽  
Linear Manner

1. The results of experiments in a temperature gradient showed a definite temperature ‘preference’ on the part of hoppers (nymphs) of all stages. This ‘preference’ was constant from instar to instar but varied with the preconditioning temperature. 2. The rate of movement of first-instar hoppers was shown to increase in a linear manner with temperature up to 25° C., above which the rate fell off. It is suggested that these are quantitative data supporting Kennedy's (1939) remarks on negative thermokinesis. 3. Experiments in 12 l. cages showed that group formation depends on a patchy temperature field rather than on any particular temperature, and that environmental conditions are more important than mutual responses of the hoppers. Hoppers less than 3 days old, as well as older ones, formed groups under the conditions of patchy temperature. 4. The experiments suggested that surface temperatures are more important than air or body temperatures in the initial formation of groups. 5. Basking groups induced by local radiant heat in a large cage did not differ in form from the groups in the 12 l. cages formed in the absence of radiant heat. 6. Surface texture was shown to be unimportant in group formation, hoppers always collecting on the hotter surface even when temperature differences were of the order of only 1° C. 7. The groups were shown to be in a very dynamic state, with hoppers continually coming and going. The average time spent in a group by any one hopper was 6 min. 46 sec. 8. Formation of basking groups in the field depends on the physiological state of the hoppers, rather than on any definite temperature.

A Physiological Interpretation of the Marching of Hoppers of the African Migratory Locust (Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides R. & F.)

1954 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
PEGGY E. ELLIS ◽  
G. HOYLE
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Blood Potassium

1. Hoppers of the locust Locusta migratoria migratorioides R. & F., which have been reared crowded, exhibit characteristic marching behaviour in the laboratory in foodless cages under standard conditions. 2. The rate of attainment of maximum marching by a given group of hoppers is greatest following a short period of starvation immediately preceding transfer to these conditions. 3. A meal of filter-paper soaked in sugar solution only, exerts no retarding effect on the rate of attainment of full marching, whilst if an adequate concentration of potassium salt is added in addition a definite retardation is observed. 4. In locusts actively feeding on grass the potassium content of the blood is relatively high, and it is suggested that this causes a reduced muscular efficiency which may explain retardation in attainment of full marching. 5. The marching pattern is the result of the activity of particular nerve centres which require a period of activation by a combination of factors before full expression is achieved. Two final factors are essential for the maintenance of the marching state, a low concentration of blood potassium and mutual stimulation by other marching hoppers.

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