scholarly journals Axial abnormalities following disturbed growth in Mitomycin C-treated mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
B. C. Gregg ◽  
M. H. L. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Early Organogenesis ◽  
Growth Profiles

Primitive-streak and early-organogenesis-stage mouse embryos were treated with Mitomycin C (MMC) by intraperitoneal injection of pregnant females. Skeletal preparations of newborn pups were made and the axial skeleton examined. The treated animals showed a high incidence of:- (1) changedvertebral numers, (2) malformation of the vertebral column, (3) changed rib numbers and (4) rib abnormalities. These skeletal disturbances tend to be located more posteriorly with later MMC treatment. There is regional variation in the susceptibility of vertebrae to abnormal development. Extra elements may occur in any region of the spinal column and several unique combinations of numbers are reported. The possible origin of these abnormalities and their similarity to some human syndromes is discussed. It is suggested that they may be the consequence of altered growth profiles in interacting tissues during the restorative growth following MMC treatment.

Proliferation and migration of primordial germ cells during compensatory growth in mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
P. P. L. Tam ◽  
M. H. L. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Embryonic Life ◽  
And Migration

Primitive-streak-stage mouse embryos were treated with Mitomycin C injected intraperitoneally into pregnant females at 6·75–7·0 days post coitum. The newborn mice developed poorly and mortality was high during the suckling period. Many weaned survivors showed impaired fertility and poor breeding performance. Histological examination revealed a paucity of germ cells in the adult gonads. The deficiency was mainly caused by a severe reduction of the primordial germ cell population in early embryonic life, which was not fully compensated for during the compensatory growth phase of the Mitomycin C-treated embryo. Also contributing to such impaired fertility were retarded migration of the primordial germ cells into the genital ridges, poor development of the foetal gonad and secondary loss of the germ cells during gametogenesis in males.

Mitomycin C in preventing spinal epidural fibrosis in a laminectomy model in rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Yul Lee ◽  
Werner Stenzel ◽  
Heinrich Ebel ◽  
Christoph Wedekind ◽  
Ralf-Ingo Ernestus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome ◽  
Epidural Fibrosis ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Failed Back Surgery ◽  
Back Surgery ◽  
Spinal Epidural ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Extensive epidural fibrosis after lumbar surgery may be the underlying cause in most cases of failed—back surgery syndrome. Various materials have been used to prevent epidural fibrosis, but only moderate success has been shown. Mitomycin C, an alkylosing antibiotic substance isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus, potentially supresses fibroblast proliferation after surgery. In this study, the authors investigated the effect of mitomycin C by local application on spinal epidural fibrosis in a rat laminectomy model. Methods. Five Wistar rats underwent laminectomy at cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels. Based on data obtained from ophthalmological studies, mitomycin C was applied to the laminectomy sites in various concentrations (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/ml). One laminectomy site in each rat was left untreated and thus served as a control. Evoked potentials were measured pre- and postoperatively, and all rats underwent clinical evaluation. Mobility status and evidence of neurological deficit were recorded. Twelve weeks later, the rats were killed, and the spinal column, including surrounding muscle tissue, was removed en bloc, decalcified, and fixed in formaldehyde. Epidural fibrosis was evaluated histologically. In all mitomycin C—treated laminectomy sites, epidural scarring was significantly reduced compared with control sites. Remarkably, dural adhesions were absent in laminectomy defects treated with mitomycin C concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml. Moderate to marked epidural fibrosis with adhesion to the dura mater was noted at sites receiving 0.01 mg/ml of mitomycin C. All control sites showed dense epidural fibrosis with marked dura adherence. Conclusions. In this experimental model, mitomycin C applied locally at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml effectively reduced epidural fibrosis, completely avoided dural adherence, and induced no side effects.

Regulation of Pax-3 expression in the dermomyotome and its role in muscle development

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Goulding ◽  
A. Lumsden ◽  
A.J. Paquette
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Paired Domain ◽  
Trunk Musculature ◽  
Somitic Mesoderm

The segmented mesoderm in vertebrates gives rise to a variety of cell types in the embryo including the axial skeleton and muscle. A number of transcription factors containing a paired domain (Pax proteins) are expressed in the segmented mesoderm during embryogenesis. These include Pax-3 and a closely related gene, Pax-7, both of which are expressed in the segmental plate and in the dermomyotome. In this paper, we show that signals from the notochord pattern the expression of Pax-3, Pax-7 and Pax-9 in somites and the subsequent differentiation of cell types that arise from the somitic mesoderm. We directly assess the role of the Pax-3 gene in the differentiation of cell types derived from the dermomyotome by analyzing the development of muscle in splotch mouse embryos which lack a functional Pax-3 gene. A population of Pax-3-expressing cells derived from the dermomyotome that normally migrate into the limb are absent in homozygous splotch embryos and, as a result, limb muscles are lost. No abnormalities were detected in the trunk musculature of splotch embryos indicating that Pax-3 is necessary for the development of the limb but not trunk muscle.

Mediolateral somitic origin of ribs and dermis determined by quail-chick chimeras

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (21) ◽  
pp. 4611-4617 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Olivera-Martinez ◽  
M. Coltey ◽  
D. Dhouailly ◽  
O. Pourquie
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Lateral Compartment ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Respective Contribution ◽  
Epaxial Muscles

Somites are transient mesodermal structures giving rise to all skeletal muscles of the body, the axial skeleton and the dermis of the back. Somites arise from successive segmentation of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). They appear first as epithelial spheres that rapidly differentiate into a ventral mesenchyme, the sclerotome, and a dorsal epithelial dermomyotome. The sclerotome gives rise to vertebrae and ribs while the dermomyotome is the source of all skeletal muscles and the dorsal dermis. Quail-chick fate mapping and diI-labeling experiments have demonstrated that the epithelial somite can be further subdivided into a medial and a lateral moiety. These two subdomains are derived from different regions of the primitive streak and give rise to different sets of muscles. The lateral somitic cells migrate to form the musculature of the limbs and body wall, known as the hypaxial muscles, while the medial somite gives rise to the vertebrae and the associated epaxial muscles. The respective contribution of the medial and lateral somitic compartments to the other somitic derivatives, namely the dermis and the ribs has not been addressed and therefore remains unknown. We have created quail-chick chimeras of either the medial or lateral part of the PSM to examine the origin of the dorsal dermis and the ribs. We demonstrate that the whole dorsal dermis and the proximal ribs exclusively originates from the medial somitic compartment, whereas the distal ribs derive from the lateral compartment.

Metastatic prostate carcinoma to the intradural extramedullary spinal compartment

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Hentschel ◽  
Ehud Mendel ◽  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
Laurence D. Rhines
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Intradural Extramedullary ◽  
Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma

✓ Despite the relatively high incidence of prostate carcinoma involving the spinal column, those that are associated with spinal intradural extramedullary metastases are rare. The role of surgery for metastases to this spinal compartment is limited and palliative because presentation tends to be late in the course of the disease, particularly for prostate carcinoma. It is also considered to be part of the spectrum of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and is associated with a high incidence of brain metastases. The authors review a rare case of prostate carcinoma metastatic to the spinal intradural extramedullary space and discuss its clinical presentation, imaging features, and surgical management.

Developmental expression of the alpha receptor for platelet-derived growth factor, which is deleted in the embryonic lethal Patch mutation

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Orr-Urtreger ◽  
M.T. Bedford ◽  
M.S. Do ◽  
L. Eisenbach ◽  
P. Lonai
Keyword(s):  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Neural Tubes ◽  
Pdgfra Gene ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
Early Organogenesis ◽  
Visceral Yolk Sac ◽  
Parietal Endoderm

The alpha receptor of PDGF (Pdgfra) is expressed in primitive endoderm and mesoderm derivatives throughout embryogenesis. In the early primitive streak stage the gene is transcribed in the visceral and parietal endoderm. Later it is expressed in the presomitic mesoderm, yolk sac and amnion. During somitogenesis its transcription localizes to the heart and the somites. Subsequently, it is transcribed in the dermatome, the sclerotome, the developing limb and in various mesenchymal tissues of visceral organs. Its wild-type expression pattern correlates well with the phenotype of homozygous mutant Patch (Ph) embryos, where the Pdgfra gene is deleted. The Ph phenotype is first detectable at the primitive streak stage with convoluted and hypertrophic visceral yolk sac, deformed neural plate and disorganized or missing mesoderm. Most Ph/Ph embryos die before the 11th day of gestation. Those that survive till early organogenesis are very small, have hypertrophic yolk sacs, small and undifferentiated somites, convoluted neural tubes, large heart and pericardium, rudimentary limb buds and branchial arches. Our observations together suggest that the alpha PDGF receptor may be required for the normal development of visceral endoderm and mesoderm derivatives.

The histogenetic capacity of tissues in the caudal end of the embryonic axis of the mouse

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
P. P. L. Tam
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Caudal Region ◽  
Caudal Portion ◽  
Adult Body

The caudal end of the embryonic axis consists of the primitive streak and the tail bud. Small fragments of this caudal tissue were transplanted from mouse embryos of various developmental stages to the kidney capsule in order to test their histogenetic capacity. The variety of mature tissues obtained from these small fragments was similar to that obtained by grafting a larger caudal portion of the embryo. Initially, the grafted tissue broke up into loose masses of embryonic mesenchyme and this was later re-organized into more compact tissues and into cysts that were lined with various types of epithelia. After 14 days in the ectopic site, grafted tissues coming from embryos of the primitive-streak, the early-somite and the forelimb-bud stages differentiated into structures that has presumably originated from the three embryonic germ layers. Many of these structures were related to the caudal region of the adult body, such as the mid- and hindgut segments and urogenital derivatives. The histogenetic capacity for endodermal tissues and urogenital organs was lost when the grafted tissue consisted entirely of the tail bud of the hindlimb-bud-stage embryos. The behaviour of the caudal tissues suggested that (1) the primordia for the various parts of embryonic body were derived from a small progenitor population in the primitive streak and the tail bud, and (2) the histogenetic capacity of this population changed during development.

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