The developmental potential of a euploid male teratocarcinoma cell line after blastocyst injection

Development ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
J. Rossant ◽  
M. W. McBurney
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Teratocarcinoma Cell ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Ec Cells ◽  
Cell Variation

A karyotypically normal male embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line, PI 9, produced large numbers of chimaeras in midgestation after groups of cells were injected into mouse blastocysts. A wide variety of apparently normal tissues were colonized by the EC cells but most chimaeras were also morphologically abnormal. Few live chimaeras were produced and all contained tumours of EC cell origin as well as EC contributions to normal tissues. This apparently incomplete regulation of the EC cells by the embryonic environment was not due to EC cell variation, since a clonal subline, P19S18, produced similar patterns of colonization. It was also not caused by the inability of the blastocyst to regulate large numbers of injected EC cells, since a single P19S18 cell could contribute to both normal and tumour tissue in the same mouse. Neither a high rate of colonization of the embryo nor a normal karyotype is, therefore, sufficient to ensure reversion of EC cells to normal embryonic behaviour.

Growth and differentiation of an embryonal carcinoma cell line (C145b)

Development ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-295
Author(s):  
V. E. Papaioannou ◽  
E. P. Evans ◽  
R. L. Gardner ◽  
C. F. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Embryonal Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Embryonal Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Embryonal Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Ec Cells ◽  
Flat Cell

Several cell and tumour lines were isolated from a single-embryo-derived teratocarcinoma and their karyotypes and differentiation in adult hosts recorded. The majority of cells contained normal karyotypes by banding. The cells were injected into blastocysts and although they sometimes colonized the yolk sac, they never colonized the embryo. Thus the possession of a normal karyotype is not a sufficient condition for embryo colonization. The loss of growth capacity was investigated by studying differentiation and tumourigenicity in a variety of circumstances. The change in appearance from an EC cell morphology to a big flat cell in culture leads to retardation of growth in adult hosts. When EC cells are injected into a blastocyst, the ability to grow progressively both in culture and in adult hosts is lost.

Participation of cultured teratocarcinoma cells in mouse embryogenesis

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
V. E. Papaioannou ◽  
R. L. Gardner ◽  
M. W. McBurney ◽  
C. Babinet ◽  
M. J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Teratocarcinoma Cell ◽  
Small Tumour ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Teratocarcinoma Cells

Mouse blastocysts were microsurgically injected with embryonal carcinoma cells from in vitro teratocarcinoma cell lines CM, C86, SIKR-OSB, and PCC3/pA/1. The embryos were allowed to develop to term and the resulting offspring were analysedfor chimaerism using coat colour markers and isozyme differences of the enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase. When injected into blastocysts, cell line C86 produced tumours in six of 74 animals born. The tumours were detected at birth and were poorly differentiated neuroectodermal teratocarcinomas. Cell line C17 gave 13 chimaeras in 77 mice born, five of which showed chimaerism only in normal tissues, mainly melanocytes of the coat and eye. The other eight chimaeras developed tumours. Seven of these developed in adult animals andwere mainly fibrosarcomas. Cell line SIKR-OSB resulted in one normal chimaera in 44 mice born. Of 86 animals born following injection of cell line PCC3/A/1, there was onechimaera with a small tumour and three normal chimaeras. The levels of chimaerism were generally very low. The mice were test bred but with no evidence of germ line chimaerism. The karyotypes of all the cell lines were abnormal. How this and other factors such as cell cycle times might affect the incorporation of embryonal cells into the developing embryo is discussed.

Defective zonae pellucidae in Zp2-null mice disrupt folliculogenesis, fertility and development

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (7) ◽  
pp. 1119-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.L. Rankin ◽  
M. O'Brien ◽  
E. Lee ◽  
K. Wigglesworth ◽  
J. Eppig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Null Mouse ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Early Embryos

All vertebrate eggs are surrounded by an extracellular matrix. This matrix is known as the zona pellucida in mammals and is critically important for the survival of growing oocytes, successful fertilization and the passage of early embryos through the oviduct. The mouse zona pellucida is composed of three glycoproteins (ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3), each encoded by a single copy gene. Using targeted mutagenesis in embryonic stem cells, Zp2-null mouse lines have been established. ZP1 and ZP3 proteins continue to be synthesized and form a thin zona matrix in early follicles that is not sustained in pre-ovulatory follicles. The abnormal zona matrix does not affect initial folliculogenesis, but there is a significant decrease in the number of antral stage follicles in ovaries isolated from mice lacking a zona pellucida. Few eggs are detected in the oviduct after stimulation with gonadotropins, and no two-cell embryos are recovered after mating Zp2-null females with normal male mice. The structural defect is more severe than that observed in Zp1-null mice, which have decreased fecundity, but not quite as severe as that observed in Zp3-null mice, which never form a visible zona pellucida and are sterile. Although zona-free oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro can progress to the blastocyst stage, the developmental potential of blastocysts derived from either Zp2- or Zp3-null eggs appears compromised and, after transfer to foster mothers, live births have not been observed. Thus, in addition to its role in fertilization and protection of early embryos, these data are consistent with the zona pellucida maintaining interactions between granulosa cells and oocytes during folliculogenesis that are critical to maximize developmental competence of oocytes.

Human embryonic stem cells: challenges and opportunities

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Stice ◽  
Nolan L. Boyd ◽  
Sujoy K. Dhara ◽  
Brian A. Gerwe ◽  
David W. Machacek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Es Cell ◽  
Cell Therapies

Human and non-human primate embryonic stem (ES) cells are invaluable resources for developmental studies, pharmaceutical research and a better understanding of human disease and replacement therapies. In 1998, subsequent to the establishment of the first monkey ES cell line in 1995, the first human ES cell line was developed. Later, three of the National Institute of Health (NIH) lines (BG01, BG02 and BG03) were derived from embryos that would have been discarded because of their poor quality. A major challenge to research in this area is maintaining the unique characteristics and a normal karyotype in the NIH-registered human ES cell lines. A normal karyotype can be maintained under certain culture conditions. In addition, a major goal in stem cell research is to direct ES cells towards a limited cell fate, with research progressing towards the derivation of a variety of cell types. We and others have built on findings in vertebrate (frog, chicken and mouse) neural development and from mouse ES cell research to derive neural stem cells from human ES cells. We have directed these derived human neural stem cells to differentiate into motoneurons using a combination of developmental cues (growth factors) that are spatially and temporally defined. These and other human ES cell derivatives will be used to screen new compounds and develop innovative cell therapies for degenerative diseases.

A mammalian cell line deficient in activity of the DNA repair enzyme 5-hydroxymethyluracil-DNA glycosylase is resistant to the toxic effects of the thymidine analog 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5536-5540
Author(s):  
R J Boorstein ◽  
L N Chiu ◽  
G W Teebor
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Dna Glycosylase ◽  
Mammalian Cell Line ◽  
Repair Enzyme ◽  
Thymidine Analog ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Mechanism Of Toxicity ◽  
Base Excision

We isolated a mutant mammalian cell line lacking activity for the DNA repair enzyme 5-hydroxymethyluracil-DNA glycosylase (HmUra-DNA glycosylase). The mutant was isolated through its resistance to the thymidine analog 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (HmdUrd). The mutant incorporates HmdUrd into DNA to the same extent as the parent line but, lacking the repair enzyme, does not remove it. The phenotype of the mutant demonstrates that the toxicity of HmdUrd does not result from substitution of thymine in DNA by HmUra but rather from the removal via base excision of large numbers of HmUra residues in DNA. This finding elucidates a novel mechanism of toxicity for a xenobiotic nucleoside. Furthermore, the isolation of this line supports our hypothesis that the enzymatic repairability of HmUra derives not from its formation opposite adenine via the oxidation of thymine, but rather from its formation opposite guanine as a product of the oxidation and subsequent deamination of 5-methylcytosine.

Gap-junctional communication in a communication-defective and in a communication-competent teratocarcinoma cell line

1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
C.W. Lo ◽  
D. Fang ◽  
M.L. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Dye Coupling ◽  
Cell Coupling ◽  
Teratocarcinoma Cell ◽  
Gap Junctional Communication ◽  
Junctional Communication ◽  
Gap Junctional ◽  
Ionic Coupling ◽  
Cell Cell

We examined the gap-junctional communication properties of a communication-defective cell line R5/3 and its communication-competent revertant H2T12. For these studies, we carried out microelectrode impalements to monitor ionic coupling and dye coupling. Our dye-injection experiments revealed that the H2T12 cells are much more efficient in dye coupling than the R5/3 cells. This latter observation is in agreement with the previous finding that the H2T12 cells are much better metabolically coupled than the R5/3 cells. With ionic coupling measurements, however, both cell lines exhibited similar levels of cell-cell coupling. The R5/3 cells demonstrated an ionic coupling coefficient of 0.19 +/− 0.011 (S.E.M.) and H2T12 a coupling coefficient of 0.25 +/− 0.009 (S.E.M.). These results in conjunction with observations from other studies indicate that the different experimental approaches for monitoring gap-junctional communication may have different levels of sensitivity for detecting as opposed to measuring the level of cell-cell coupling.

LRP8 activates STAT3 to induce PD-L1 expression in osteosarcoma

2020 ◽  
pp. 030089162095287
Author(s):  
Shiqin Zheng ◽  
Yuxi Wei ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Yi Hao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Jurkat Cells ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell Line ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Normal Tissues

Purpose: Targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) may be an effective intervention for osteosarcoma and PD-L1 expression is controlled by diverse regulatory factors. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) regulates osteoblast differentiation and it is unclear whether and how LRP8 could contribute to osteosarcoma pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the LRP8/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/PD-L1 network in osteosarcoma. Methods: The expression of LRP8, STAT3, and PD-L1 was measured in osteosarcoma tissues and paired normal tissues. The effects of LRP8 on STAT3 and PD-L1 expression were investigated in an osteosarcoma cell line. The effects on immunosuppression were investigated in an in vitro co-culture system with Jurkat cell line and osteosarcoma cell line. The effects of LRP8 were blocked by a LRP8 neutralizing antibody, dominant-negative STAT3, or STAT3 inhibitor. Results: LRP8 was overexpressed in osteosarcoma compared to normal tissues and its level was correlated with phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) level in osteosarcoma tissues. In osteosarcoma cell lines, LRP8 increased p-STAT3 level and promoted nuclear translocation of STAT3. STAT3 activation also increased PD-L1 mRNA, protein, and promoter activity. In addition, LRP8 enhanced PD-L1 expression via STAT3. In a co-culture system, LRP8 overexpression in an osteosarcoma cell line impaired viability and interleukin-2 secretion of Jurkat cells and induced apoptosis of Jurkat cells. The effects of LRP8 could be blocked by neutralizing LRP8 antibody or STAT3 inhibitor. Blocking LRP8 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence for a novel regulation network of LRP8/STAT3/PD-L1 in osteosarcoma and LRP8 may be a potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.

Retinoic acid treatment enhances the acetylcholine contents in the human teratocarcinoma cell line NTera-2

2000 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanspeter S. Fischer ◽  
Irene Berti ◽  
Dieter S. Schatz ◽  
Christian Humpel ◽  
Alois Saria
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Retinoic Acid Treatment ◽  
Teratocarcinoma Cell ◽  
Teratocarcinoma Cell Line

Quercetin reduces pluripotency, migration and adhesion of human teratocarcinoma cell line NT2/D1 by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2564-2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Mojsin ◽  
Jelena Marjanovic Vicentic ◽  
Marija Schwirtlich ◽  
Vladanka Topalovic ◽  
Milena Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Teratocarcinoma Cell ◽  
Teratocarcinoma Cell Line

In human teratocarcinoma cell line NT2/D1 quercetin exerts its anticancer effect through the inhibition of Wnt signaling.

scholarly journals Association of the H-Y male antigen with beta2-microglobulin on human lymphoid and differentiated mouse teratocarcinoma cell lines.

1978 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fellous ◽  
E Günther ◽  
R Kemler ◽  
J Wiels ◽  
R Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Lymphoid Cell Line ◽  
Hla Antigen ◽  
Teratocarcinoma Cell ◽  
Daudi Cell ◽  
Human Male ◽  
Lymphoid Lines ◽  
Mouse Teratocarcinoma

The expression of the H-Y antigen has been tested on several human lymphoid lines and mouse teratocarcinoma cell lines during differentiation. The human male lymphoid cell line Raji is a very useful target for studies of the H-Y antigen by lymphocytotoxicity test with rat anti-H-Y sera. With a few exceptions, all cells carrying the Y chromosome were H-Y positive. One of the exceptions is the human Daudi cell line which, besides lacking H-Y antigen, also lacks beta2-microglobulin. We have studied a possible association between the H-Y antigen, beta2-microglobulin, and HLA antigen with redistribution experiments. The results strongly suggest that H-Y antigen is not associated with HLA antigens but with beta2-microglobulin.

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