Enhancement of Growth of Chick Host Spleens following Chorio-allantoic Membrane Grafts of Homologous Tissues1

Development ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-525
Author(s):  
A. M. Mun ◽  
I. L. Kosin ◽  
I. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Adult Chicken ◽  
Chicken Tissues ◽  
Chicken Spleen ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Excellent Tool

The phenomenon of enlargement of the host chick embryo spleen, following grafts of homologous adult chicken tissues to the chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM), affords the investigator an excellent tool for the study of growth. Initial observations of this phenomenon were made by Danchakoff (1916) and Murphy (1916). Grafts of adult chicken spleen on the chorio-allantoic membrane of 9-day-old chick embryos brought about a striking enlargement of the host spleens after 8 additional days of incubation. The phenomenon was later studied by Ebert (1951), who showed that the effect was only partially organ-specific. Grafts of thymus and liver affected the weight of the host spleen, but in each case the effect was far smaller than that observed with splenic transplants. Andres (1955) found that injected kidney and liver debris, which elicited an increased mitotic index in the homologous host organ, was not inhibited in its action by killing the cells through freezing and subsequent thawing.

The Effects of Chorioallantoic Grafts on the Developing Chick Embryo

Development ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-475
Author(s):  
Pierson J. Van Alten ◽  
R. A. Fennell
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Extensive Investigation ◽  
Adult Chicken ◽  
Chicken Spleen ◽  
Chicken Tissue ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Host Embryo

The grafting of tissues to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chick embryo has been widely used for study of organ-specific growth stimulation. Murphy (1916) and Danchakoff (1916) first observed that chorioallantoic grafts of adult chicken spleen induced enlargement of the spleens of host embryos. The former attributed spleen hypertrophy to an increase in the number of small lymphocytes while the latter attributed it to an intense proliferation of lymphoid haemocytoblasts which ultimately differentiated into granulocytes. In a subsequent study Danchakoff (1918) observed that transformation of mesenchyme into granuloblastic cells was not confined to the spleen but extended throughout the whole mesenchyme of the host. An extensive investigation of the problem of the effect of CAM grafts of adult chicken tissue on homologous tissues of the host embryo was carried out by Ebert (1955). He observed a very marked enlargement of spleens in host chicks following grafts of adult chicken spleen (Ebert, 1951).

Differentiation of allantoic endoderm implanted into the presumptive digestive area in avian embryos. A study with organ-specific antigens

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-153
Author(s):  
Sadao Yasugi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Digestive Organ ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Avian Embryos ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Specific Antigens

Quail allantoic endoderm was implanted into the presumptive digestive-tract area of chick embryos, and the differentiation of the endoderm was examined morphologically and immunocytochemically with antisera against pepsinogens and sucrase. The allantoic endoderm was incorporated into the host digestive organs. It often became continuous with the host endoderm and formed a chimaeric digestive-tract epithelium. It differentiated morphologically into the epithelium of the digestive organ into which it was incorporated, showing the morphological inductive ability in situ of the digestive-tract mesenchyme against the allantoic endoderm. However, the allantoic endoderm did not produce pepsinogens even when it was incorporated into the host proventricular mesenchyme and formed well-developed proventricular glands. This result indicates that the heterotypic morphogenesis of the allantoic endoderm is not necessarily accompanied by the heterotypic cytodifferentiation. In contrast, the anti-sucrase antiserum-reactive cells often differentiated in the allantoic endoderm incorporated into not only the intestine but also other organs. This confirmed our previous observation that the allantoic endoderm has a tendency to differentiate into the intestinal epithelium in the heterologous environment.

scholarly journals Chick Embryo Experimental Platform for Micrometastases Research in a 3D Tissue Engineering Model: Cancer Biology, Drug Development, and Nanotechnology Applications

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1578
Author(s):  
Anna Guller ◽  
Inga Kuschnerus ◽  
Vlada Rozova ◽  
Annemarie Nadort ◽  
Yin Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Angiogenic Switch ◽  
Experimental Platform ◽  
Organ Specific

Colonization of distant organs by tumor cells is a critical step of cancer progression. The initial avascular stage of this process (micrometastasis) remains almost inaccessible to study due to the lack of relevant experimental approaches. Herein, we introduce an in vitro/in vivo model of organ-specific micrometastases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that is fully implemented in a cost-efficient chick embryo (CE) experimental platform. The model was built as three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering constructs (TECs) combining human MDA-MB-231 cells and decellularized CE organ-specific scaffolds. TNBC cells colonized CE organ-specific scaffolds in 2–3 weeks, forming tissue-like structures. The feasibility of this methodology for basic cancer research, drug development, and nanomedicine was demonstrated on a model of hepatic micrometastasis of TNBC. We revealed that MDA-MB-231 differentially colonize parenchymal and stromal compartments of the liver-specific extracellular matrix (LS-ECM) and become more resistant to the treatment with molecular doxorubicin (Dox) and Dox-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles than in monolayer cultures. When grafted on CE chorioallantoic membrane, LS-ECM-based TECs induced angiogenic switch. These findings may have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC. The methodology established here is scalable and adaptable for pharmacological testing and cancer biology research of various metastatic and primary tumors.

scholarly journals Effect of cortisol acetate on collagen biosynthesis and on the activities of prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase, collagen galactosyltransferase and collagen glucosyltransferase in chick-embryo tendon cells

1977 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Oikarinen
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Prolyl Hydroxylase ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Lysyl Hydroxylase ◽  
Tendon Cells

Collagen synthesis and the activities of prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase, collagen galactosyltransferase and collagen glucosyltransferase were studied in isolated chick-embryo tendon cells after the administration of cortisol acetate to the chick embryos. When the steroid was injected 1 day before isolation of the tendon cells, collagen synthesis was decreased, even though the enzyme activities were not changed. When cortisol acetate was given as repeated injections over a period of 4 days, both collagen synthesis and the enzyme activities decreased. The hydroxylase activities decreased even more than the two collagen glycosyltransferase activities, both in isolated cells and in whole chick embryos. The amount of prolyl hydroxylase protein diminished to the same extent as the enzyme activity, indicating that cortisol acetate inhibits enzyme synthesis. The inhibitory effect of cortisol acetate on collagen synthesis and on the enzyme activities was partially reversible in 3 days. Total protein synthesis was completely restored within this time. Only massive doses of cortisol acetate inhibited collagen synthesis in vitro. Additional experiments indicated that cortisol acetate did not decrease the rate of the enzyme reactions when added directly to the enzyme incubation mixtures. The results suggest that cortisol acetate decreases collagen synthesis both by its direct effect on collagen polypeptide-chain synthesis and by decreasing the activities of enzymes involved in post-translational modifications.

scholarly journals Quantitation of two endogenous lactose-inhibitable lectins in embryonic and adult chicken tissues.

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
E C Beyer ◽  
S H Barondes
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Peptide Mapping ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Adult Chicken ◽  
Chicken Tissues ◽  
Adult Tissues ◽  
Embryonic Muscle ◽  
The Many ◽  
Kidney Liver

Two lactose-binding lectins from chicken tissues, chicken-lactose-lectin-1 (CLL-1) and chicken-lactose-lectin-11 (CLL-11) were quantified with a radioimmunoassay in extracts of a number of developing and adult chicken tissues. Both lectins could be measured in the same extract without separation, because they showed not significant immunological cross-reactivity. Many embryonic and adult tissues, including brain, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, pancreas, and spleen, contained one or both lectins, although their concentrations differed markedly. For example, embryonic muscle, the richest source of CLL-1 contained only traces of CLL-11 whereas embryonic kidney, a very rich source of CLL-11 contained substantial CLL-1. In both muscle and kidney, lectin levels in adulthood were much lower than in the embryonic state. In contrast, CLL-1 in liver and CLL-11 in intestine were 10-fold to 30-fold more concentrated in the adult than in the 15-d embryo. CLL-1 and CLL-11 from several tissues were purified by affinity chromatography and their identity in the various tissues was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and peptide mapping. The results suggest that these lectins might have different functions in the many developing and adult tissues in which they are found.

Protein Accumulation in Early Chick Embryos Grown under Different Conditions of Explantation

Development ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
L. Gwen Britt ◽  
Heinz Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Somite Formation ◽  
Explanted Chick Embryo

The recent development of techniques originally devised by Waddington (1932) for the maintenance of the explanted chick embryo (Spratt, 1947; New, 1955; Wolff & Simon, 1955) has opened the possibility of determining quantitatively some parameters of the developmental processes occurring in embryonic tissues under these conditions. As a result of such measurements, protein accumulation in explanted embryos was found to be much smaller than in embryos developing in the egg. On the other hand, the progress of somite formation was found to take place at similar rates in embryos developing as explants or in situ (Herrmann & Schultz, 1958). The slow rate of protein accumulation in the explanted embryos made it seem desirable to investigate whether under some other conditions of explantation protein accumulation would approach more closely the rate of protein formation observed in the naturally developing embryo.

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