The changes in lectin activity during the development of embryonic chick skin

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Kunio Kitamura
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Dorsal Skin ◽  
Lectin Activity ◽  
Embryonic Skin ◽  
Mesenchymal Condensation ◽  
The Relationship

Changes in lectin activity during development of embryonic chick skin were studied. In the dorsal skin of the chick embryo in which feathers were formed, lectin activity first increased, during the period of dermal condensation, and then it decreased during the development of feathers. A similar change in lectin activity was also found in the anterior shank skin, the prospective scale region of the chick embryo. The embryonic cornea, in which no mesenchymal condensation took place, had lectin activity and did not show any developmental changes in lectin activity. Apteria regions of the dorsal skin, experimentally formed by treatment with hydrocortisone, gave low lectin activity. The lectin found in the embryonic skin showed specificity for lactose. The relationship found between lectin activity and dermal condensation in the embryonic chick skin is discussed.

Developmental changes in the relationship between IGF-I and body composition during puberty

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Beckett ◽  
William W. Wong ◽  
Kenneth C. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Igf I ◽  
The Relationship

Developmental change in fast Na channel properties in embryonic chick ventricular heart cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Sada ◽  
Takashi Ban ◽  
Takeshi Fujita ◽  
Yoshio Ebina ◽  
Nicholas Sperelakis
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Voltage Clamp ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Voltage Dependence ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Whole Cell Voltage Clamp

To assess developmental changes in kinetic properties of the cardiac sodium current, whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments were conducted using 3-, 10-, and 17-day-old embryonic chick ventricular heart cells. Experimental data were quantified according to the Hodgkin–Huxley model. While the Na current density, as examined by the maximal conductance, drastically increased (six- to seven-fold) with development, other current–voltage parameters remained unchanged. Whereas the activation time constant and the steady-state activation characteristics were comparable among the three age groups, the voltage dependence of the inactivation time constant and the steady-state inactivation underwent a shift in the voltage dependence toward negative potentials during embryonic development. Consequently, the steady-state (window current) conductance, which was sufficient to induce automatic activity in the young embryos, was progressively reduced with age.Key words: cardiac electrophysiology, whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments, fast Na currents, heart, development, developmental changes.

scholarly journals Developmental changes in the type I procollagen processing pathway in chick-embryo cornea

1991 ◽  
Vol 276 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Mellor ◽  
G L Atkins ◽  
D J S Hulmes
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Collagen Fibril ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Type I Procollagen ◽  
Stage Of Development

Type I procollagen processing in chick-embryo corneas was studied at days 12, 14 and 17 of development. Pulse-chase experiments and electrophoretic analysis of salt-soluble extracts showed developmental changes in the processing pathway. A kinetic model was fitted to the data to determine rate constants for processing of both N- and C-propeptides. Data for pro alpha 1(I)-chain processing and pro alpha 2(I)-chain processing were fitted separately (where pro means procollagen). Between days 12 and 17 the relative flux through the pC-collagen (procollagen chain lacking the N-propeptide) and pN-collagen (procollagen chain lacking the C-propeptide) pathways increased approx. 4-fold. Pro alpha 1(I) chains and pro alpha 2(I) chains were processed by slightly different routes. Variations in the rate constants were compared with electron-microscopic measurements of collagen fibril diameters at each stage of development. Diameters increased by less than 10% over the period from 12 to 17 days. It was concluded that fibril diameters are relatively insensitive to the pathway of procollagen processing in the salt-soluble pool.

The relationship between cell proliferation and the transcription of the nuclear oncogenes c-myc, c-myb and c-ets-1 during feather morphogenesis in the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Desbiens ◽  
C. Queva ◽  
T. Jaffredo ◽  
D. Stehelin ◽  
B. Vandenbunder
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Skin Morphogenesis ◽  
Dermal Cells ◽  
The Relationship

We have described the expression of three nuclear protooncogenes, c-myc, c-myb and c-ets-1 during feather morphogenesis in the chick embryo. In parallel with the expression patterns obtained by in situ hybridization, we have mapped the spatial distribution of S-phase cells by monitoring the incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine. We do not detect c-myc or c-myb transcripts during the early stages when S-phase cells are scattered in the dermis and in the epidermis. Rather c-ets-1 transcripts are abundant in the dermal cells which divide and accumulate under the uniform epidermis. At the onset of the formation of the feather bud, cells within each rudiment cease DNA replicative activities and c-myc transcripts are detected both in the epidermis and in the underlying dermis. This expression precedes the reentry into the S phase. The transcription of c-myb, which has been previously tightly linked to hemopoietic cells is also detected in the developing skin. This expression is essentially located in proliferating epidermal cells on and after the beginning of feather outgrowth. As feather outgrowth proceeds, the distribution of c-myc and c-myb transcripts is restricted to the highly proliferating epidermis. In contrast c-ets-1 transcripts are never detected in the epidermis. During the later stages of skin morphogenesis, the transcription of c-ets-1 is restricted to the endothelial cells of blood vessels, as previously described. We suggest that the differential expression of these nuclear oncogenes reflects the activation of different mitotic controlling pathways during the development of the skin.

The structure and distribution of proteochondroitin sulphate during the formation of chick embryo feather germs

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUNIO KITAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dorsal Skin ◽  
Superficial Dermis ◽  
Dermal Cells ◽  
Asymmetrically Distributed ◽  
Slow Turnover ◽  
Feather Buds

The dorsal skin of the chick embryo, in which feather germ forms, was found to synthesize two proteochondroitin sulphates, PCS-I and PCS-II and a proteoheparan sulphate, PHS. A monoclonal antibody (I3B9) was prepared against PCS-I, a higher molecular weight proteochondroitin sulphate. Distribution of PCS-I was immunohistochemically studied using I3B9. PCS-I was found in the epidermis, basement membrane and superficial dermis prior to formation of feather rudiments. As the feather rudiments formed, PCS-I was noted in a condensed area of dermal cells and in the basement membrane, while PCS-I decreased remarkably in the epidermal placode. The formation of feather buds resulted in a decrease in PCS-I in the region of dermal condensation and the basement membrane situated above this region. PCS-I was asymmetrically distributed in the feather filaments. The turnover of proteochondroitin sulphate was studied using autoradiography of [35S]sulphate. Proteochondroitin sulphate in the basement membrane and condensed dermis of the feather rudiments showed very slow turnover. On the other hand, the outgrowth of feather buds caused rapid turnover of proteochondroitin sulphate in the region of dermal condensation and basement membrane situated above this region. The mechanism for the uneven distribution of PCS-I during feather germ formation is discussed.

scholarly journals Induction of spreading during fibroblast movement.

1979 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
W T Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leading Edge ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Area Increase ◽  
Spread Area ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
Embryonic Chick Heart ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

This paper describes the phenomenon of retraction-induced spreading of embryonic chick heart fibroblasts moving in culture. Measurable criteria of cell spreading (increase in area of the spreading lamella, and total spread area of the cell) are found to change predictably with retraction of a portion of the cell margin. Ruffling activity was found to increase. The leading lamella of a spread fibroblast ordinarily advances slowly, with an average area increase of approximately 21 mu2m/min. A 10- to 30-fold increase in spreading occurs within 8 s after onset of retraction at the trailing edge and then decreases slightly so that by 1 min the increase in spreading is five to tenfold. During this period, there is a linear relationship between area increase at the leading edge and area decrease at the trailing edge. During the next 10--15 min, spreading gradually decreases to normal. Although the relationship between area spreading and area retracting of fibroblasts at different phases of movement is not significantly linear, it is highly correlated (Table II). These results suggest that the rate of fibroblast spreading may be inversely related to the degree of spreading of the cell as a whole.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document