Regeneration of an abnormal ipsilateral visuotectal projection in Xenopus is delayed by the presence of optic fibres from the other eye

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Charles Straznicky ◽  
David Tay ◽  
John Glastonbury
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Eye Enucleation ◽  
Contralateral Projection ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings ◽  
Optic Fibre ◽  
Tectal Neurons ◽  
The Right ◽  
Early Regeneration

Optic fibre regeneration was studied by [3H]proline autoradiography and by mapping electrophysiologically the direct visuotectal projections to thecontralateral and ipsilateral tecta 12–16 weeks after sectioning the right optic nerve in Xenopus two to four weeks after metamorphosis. The experiments were carried out in three groups: (A) optic nerve section in newly metamorphosed animals withembryonic left-eye enucleation; (B) optic nerve section with simultaneous left-eye enucleation; and (C) optic nerve section with delayed left-eye enucleation 5–31 days prior to sacrifice. In all but three animals regenerated optic fibres were demonstrated morphologically both in the contralateral and ipsilateral tecta. The contralateral visuotectal projectionwas fully restored within the 12–16 weeks in all animals. In animals with embryonic enucleation or in those where the enucleation was carried out simultaneously with optic nerve section, a direct ipsilateral visuotectal projection was established at the same time as the restoration of the contralateral projection. In contrast, no direct ipsilateral visuotectal projection was detectable in the presence of optic fibres from the other eye in the doubly innervated tecta. However, 14–31 days after the removal of the incumbent optic fibres by left-eye enucleation a direct visuotectal projection from the right eye to the ipsilateral tectum was established, and its polarity corresponded to the normal contralateral retinotectal projection. The apparent disparity between morphological and electrophysiological findings in the doubly innervated tectum suggests that superimposed optic fibres are unable to form normal synaptic relations with tectal neurons during early regeneration, delaying the establishment of the induced direct ipsilateral visuotectal projection.

The discontinuous visual projections on the Xenopus optic tectum following regeneration after unilateral nerve section

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
D. J. Willshaw ◽  
R. M. Gaze
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nerve Transection ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Retinotectal Projections ◽  
Uniform Background ◽  
Whole Mounts

The establishment of retinotectal projections following transection of one optic nerve in developing Xenopus has been investigated. Between 3 weeks and 11 months after the operation, the nerve fibre tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to either the operated or the unoperated nerve, and the brains were prepared for examination as whole mounts. In most cases fibres from the operated nerve innervated both tecta, with the result that one tectum was doubly innervated and one tectum singly innervated. Two months after transection of the optic nerve in tadpole life, between stages 50 and 54, this nerve usually made a uniform projection on the contralateral tectum and a striped projection on the ipsilateral, doubly innervated, tectum. The projection made by the unoperated nerve on this tectum was a similar pattern of stripes, which ran generally rostrocaudally. Two months after transection of the optic nerve of newly metamorphosed animals, the projection formed by the operated nerve on the doubly innervated tectum was usually a pattern of spots or spots mixed together with stripes in no particular orientation superimposed on a roughly uniform background. In a small number of cases the projections made by the same nerve on the two tecta were approximately complementary; that is, the presence of label on one tectum corresponded with its absence on the other tectum. The results are examined in the context of the development of the retina and of the tectum. It is suggested that the consistently oriented stripes which result from nerve transection at a stage at which only a small proportion of the retinal fibres had reached the tectum are formed by the interaction of two equally matched sets of developing fibres, stripe orientation being determined by the mode of growth of the optic tectum. The formation of patterns of spots or spots mixed together with stripes following nerve transection after the end of the main phase of tectal histogenesis, and when 50 % of the optic fibres had already reached the tectum, is attributed to an unequal competition between the two sets of fibres.

Assessment of knowledge of oral health hygiene among coastal guards in the port trust of south Tamil Nadu - A public health awareness survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1861-1868
Author(s):  
Bianca Princeton ◽  
Abilasha R ◽  
Preetha S
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oral Hygiene Habits

Oral hygiene is defined as the practice of keeping the mouth clean and healthy, by brushing and flossing to prevent the occurrence of any gum diseases like periodontitis or gingivitis. The main aim of oral health hygiene is to prevent the buildup of plaque, which is defined as a sticky film of bacteria and food formed on the teeth. The coastal guard is an official who is employed to watch the sea near a coast for ships that are in danger or involved with illegal activities. Coastal guards have high possibilities of being affected by mesothelioma or lung cancer due to asbestos exposure. So, a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was created and circulated among a hundred participants who were coastal guards, through Google forms. The responses were recorded and tabulated in the form of bar graphs. Out of a hundred participants, 52.4% were not aware of the fact that coastal guards have high chances of developing lung cancer and Mesothelioma. 53.7% were aware of the other oral manifestations of lung cancer other than bleeding gums. Majority of the coastal guards feel that they are given enough information about dental hygiene protocols. Hence, to conclude, oral hygiene habits have to be elaborated using various tools in the right manner to ensure better health of teeth and gums.

JUAL BELI TANAH YANG DILAKUKAN TANPA AKTA PPAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Cheri Bayuni Budjang
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Buying and selling is a way to transfer land rights according to the provisions in Article 37 paragraph (1) of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration which must include the deed of the Land Deed Making Official to register the right of land rights (behind the name) to the Land Office to create legal certainty and minimize the risks that occur in the future. However, in everyday life there is still a lot of buying and selling land that is not based on the laws and regulations that apply, namely only by using receipts and trust in each other. This is certainly very detrimental to both parties in the transfer of rights (behind the name), especially if the other party is not known to exist like the Case in Decision Number 42 / Pdt.G / 2010 / PN.Mtp

Visual asymmetries during face encoding Increased dwell time and fixations in the upper and left hemifields

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Maria Felisberti
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
The Right

Visual field asymmetries (VFA) in the encoding of groups rather than individual faces has been rarely investigated. Here, eye movements (dwell time (DT) and fixations (Fix)) were recorded during the encoding of three groups of four faces tagged with cheating, cooperative, or neutral behaviours. Faces in each of the three groups were placed in the upper left (UL), upper right (UR), lower left (LL), or lower right (LR) quadrants. Face recognition was equally high in the three groups. In contrast, the proportion of DT and Fix were higher for faces in the left than the right hemifield and in the upper rather than the lower hemifield. The overall time spent looking at the UL was higher than in the other quadrants. The findings are relevant to the understanding of VFA in face processing, especially groups of faces, and might be linked to environmental cues and/or reading habits.

Challenges of Media Education Standards in Georgia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Vekua
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Journalism Education ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The main goal of this research is to determine whether the journalism education of the leading media schools inGeorgia is adequate to modern media market’s demands and challenges. The right answer to this main questionwas found after analyzing Georgian media market’s demands, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, differentaspects of journalism education in Georgia: the historical background, development trends, evaluation ofeducational programs and curricula designs, reflection of international standards in teaching methods, studyingand working conditions.

The Taubman/Golandsky Approach to the Violin

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Sophie Till
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Piano Technique ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Three years ago Sophie Till started working with pianist Edna Golandsky, the leading exponent of the Taubman Piano Technique, an internationally acclaimed approach that is well known to pianists, on the one hand, for allowing pianists to attain a phenomenal level of virtuosity and on the other, for solving very serious piano-related injuries. Till, a violinist, quickly realized that here was a unique technical approach that could not only identify and itemize the minute movements that underlie a virtuoso technique but could show how these movements interact and go into music making at the highest level. Furthermore, through the work of the Golandsky Institute, she saw a pedagogical approach that had been developed to a remarkable depth and level of clarity. It was an approach that had the power to communicate in a way she had never seen before, despite her own first class violin training from the earliest age. While the geography and “look” on the violin are different from the piano, the laws governing coordinate motion specifically in playing the instrument are the same for pianists and violinists. As a result of Till’s work translating the technique for violin, a new pedagogical approach for violinists of all ages is emerging; the Taubman/Golandsky Approach to the Violin. In reflecting on these new developments, Edna Golandsky wrote, “I have been working with the Taubman Approach for more than 30 years and have worked regularly with other instrumentalists. However, Sophie Till was the first violinist who asked me to teach her with the same depth that I do with pianists. With her conceptual and intellectual agility as well as complete dedication to helping others, she has been the perfect partner to translate this body of knowledge for violinists. Through this collaboration, Sophie is helping develop a new ‘language’ for violinist that will prevent future problems, solve present ones and start beginners on the right road to becoming the best they can be. The implications of this new work for violinists are enormous.”

A utopia do direito à cidade: Possibilidades de superação da dicotomia favela-bairro no Rio de Janeiro

GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Piñon de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

A utopia do direito à cidade,  no  caso específico do Rio de Janeiro, começa, obrigatoriamente, pela  superação da visão dicotômica favela-cidade. Para isso, é preciso que os moradores da favela possam sentir-se tão cidadãos quanto os que têm moradias fora das favelas. A utopia do direito à cidade tem de levar a favela a própria utopia da cidade. Uma cidade que não se fragmente em oposições asfalto-favela, norte-sul, praia-subúrbio e onde todos tenham direito ao(s) seu(s) centro(s). Oposições que expressam muito mais do que diferenças de  localização e que  se apresentam recheadas de  segregação, estereótipos e  ideologias. Por outro  lado, o direito a cidade, como possibilidade histórica, não pode ser pensado exclusivamente a partir da  favela. Mas as populações  que aí habitam guardam uma contribuição inestimável para  a  construção prática  desse direito. Isso porque,  das  experiências vividas, emergem aprendizados e frutificam esperanças e soluções. Para que a favela seja pólo de um desejo que impulsione a busca do direito a cidade, é necessário que ela  se  pense como  parte da história da própria cidade  e sua transformação  em metrópole.Abstract The right  to the city's  utopy  specifically  in Rio de Janeiro, begins by surpassing  the dichotomy approach between favela and the city. For this purpose, it is necessary, for the favela dwellers, the feeling of citizens as well as those with home outside the favelas. The right to the city's utopy must bring to the favela  the utopy to the city in itself- a non-fragmented city in terms of oppositions like "asphalt"-favela, north-south, beach-suburb and where everybody has right to their center(s). These oppositions express much more the differences of location and present  themselves full of segregation, stereotypes and ideologies. On  the other  hand, the right to  the city, as historical possibility, can not be thought  just from the favela. People that live there have a contribution for a practical construction of this right. 

Third Crossroad

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzachi Zamir
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
Meaningful Existence ◽  
The Right

Because God is not merely a prescriptive entity but, by virtue of his omnipresence, also a place, Milton implies that knowledge, vitality, and meaningful action depend upon one’s sense of location. For philosophy, one’s understanding (one’s language) determines one’s world; for the religious poet it is the other way round: what one experiences as one’s location, shapes what one knows. A contrast is drawn between the philosopher who begins by denouncing the perceived world, returning to it after a stage of withdrawal into contemplation, and the religious poet who begins with perception of the right kind. Differences between philosophy and religion over the connection between meaningful existence and living an examined life are traced.

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