The Composition and Origin of the Foetal Fluids of the Pig

Development ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
R. A. McCance ◽  
J. W. T. Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Active Material ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Active Reabsorption

Many of the unicellular organisms have a greater concentration of osmotically active material within their body fluids than there is in the medium surrounding them, and the higher animals have glands like the kidney and sweat glands which are able to elaborate fluids with much lower concentrations of sodium and chloride than the body-fluids from which they were derived. The concentrations of sodium and chloride in hypotonic urine and sweat are much lower than those in the serum, and consequently the total osmolar concentrations are also lower, but the urea is characteristically higher. There is no proof that the process is one involving the secretion of water; and, indeed, the kidney is now thought to produce a hypotonic urine by the active reabsorption of sodium from the distal tubule, the walls of which are impermeable to water unless there is posterior pituitary hormone in the circulation.

THE HYPOTHALAMIC ELABORATION OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY PRINCIPLES IN MAN, THE RAT AND DOG. HISTOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE DERIVED FROM A PERFORMIC ACID-ALCIAN BLUE REACTION FOR CYSTINE

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. M. ADAMS ◽  
J. C. SLOPER
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Histochemical Evidence ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Blue Reaction

SUMMARY 1. A histochemical technique has been devised which demonstrates cystine or cysteine in paraffin sections. 2. This depends on the oxidation of these substances with performic acid and the demonstration of the resultant cysteic acid with a basic dye, Alcian blue 8GS, at pH 0·2. 3. The specificity of this reaction depends on excluding acidic substances already present ionized in tissues at this low pH. 4. The performic acid-Alcian blue technique selectively demonstrates material with the exact distribution of Bargmann's chrome-haematoxyphil 'neurosecretory' material in the hypothalamus and in the posterior lobe of the pituitary of man, the rat and dog. 5. This material, by reason of its content of cystine, may represent posterior pituitary hormone; severe dehydration in five rats caused the almost entire loss of this material from the posterior lobe of the pituitary. 6. The performic acid-Alcian blue reaction provides the first histochemical evidence of the hypothalamic elaboration of posterior pituitary hormone in man and rat.

Anterior and posterior pituitary hormone release induced in sheep by cholecystokinin

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (6) ◽  
pp. R1355-R1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Ebenezer ◽  
S. N. Thornton ◽  
R. F. Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Intravenous Bolus ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cholecystokinin Octapeptide ◽  
Intravenous Bolus Injection ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Saline Vehicle

The effect of an intravenous bolus injection of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8; 0.85 micrograms/kg) on the release of cortisol, prolactin, vasopressin, and oxytocin was studied in sheep (n = 10). Concentrations of these hormones were measured in blood samples taken before (-10, 0 min) and after (5, 10, 20 min) administration of a saline vehicle or vehicle + CCK. Following CCK treatment, levels of cortisol were raised after 10 and 20 min, prolactin and vasopressin concentrations were increased after 5 min, and oxytocin secretion was unaffected.

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