Investigation of the potency of cells from the postimplantation mouse embryo by blastocyst injection: a preliminary report

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-247
Author(s):  
J. Rossant ◽  
R. L. Gardner ◽  
H. L. Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Trophoblast Giant Cell ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Visceral Yolk Sac ◽  
Cell Fractions ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm ◽  
Ectoplacental Cone

Chimaeric conceptuses have been produced by injection of 5½- and 6½-day extra-embryonic ectoderm and 5½-day embryonic and extra-embryonic endoderm into 3½-day mouse blastocysts. Extra-embryonic ectoderm cells contributed only to the ectoplacental cone and/or trophoblast giant cell fractions, reflecting the probable trophectoderm origin of these cells. Proximal (visceral) endoderm cells overlying both the embryonic and extra-embryonic ectoderm contributed cells only to the endoderm of the visceral yolk sac, indicating that the definitive embryonic endoderm has not formed by 5½ days p.c.

Localization and synthesis of alphafoetoprotein in post-implantation mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-313
Author(s):  
M. Dziadek ◽  
E. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Mouse Embryogenesis ◽  
Visceral Yolk Sac ◽  
Radioactive Labelling ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm ◽  
Embryonic Region

The localization and synthesis of alphafoetoprotein (AFP) during mouse embryogenesis were studied by immunoperoxidase and by immunoprecipitation after radioactive labelling, using an antiserum prepared against AFP. AFP is first detectable in embryos on the 7th day of gestation (7th day embryos). In 7th and 8th day embryos AFP is confined to visceral (proximal) endoderm cells around the embryonic region of the egg cylinder. Visceral extra-embryonic and parietal (distal) endoderm cells do not contain AFP. By the 9th day of gestation AFP is also present in the extra-embryonic ectoderm, mesoderm and embryonic ectoderm cells around the three cavities of the embryo. These tissues do not synthesize AFP when cultured in isolation, but can adsorb AFP when it is added to the medium. On the 12th day of gestation AFP synthesis is confined to the endoderm layer of the visceral yolk sac. It is concluded that the ability to synthesize AFP is a property which is restricted to the visceral endoderm during early post-implantation development. The presence of AFP in other tissues of the embryo appears to be due to adsorption.

Expression of syndecan, a putative low affinity fibroblast growth factor receptor, in the early mouse embryo

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Sutherland ◽  
R.D. Sanderson ◽  
M. Mayes ◽  
M. Seibert ◽  
P.G. Calarco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Trophoblast Giant Cell ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm ◽  
Cell Cell

Syndecan is an integral membrane proteoglycan that binds cells to several interstitial extracellular matrix components and binds to basic fibroblast-growth factor (bFGF) thus promoting bFGF association with its high-affinity receptor. We find that syndecan expression undergoes striking spatial and temporal changes during the period from the early cleavage through the late gastrula stages in the mouse embryo. Syndecan is detected initially at the 4-cell stage. Between the 4-cell and late morula stages, syndecan is present intracellularly and on the external surfaces of the blastomeres but is absent from regions of cell-cell contact. At the blastocyst stage, syndecan is first detected at cell-cell boundaries throughout the embryo and then, at the time of endoderm segregation, becomes restricted to the first site of matrix accumulation within the embryo, the interface between the primitive ectoderm and primitive endoderm. During gastrulation, syndecan is distributed uniformly on the basolateral cell surfaces of the embryonic ectoderm and definitive embryonic endoderm, but is expressed with an anteroposterior asymmetry on the surface of embryonic mesoderm cells, suggesting that it contributes to the process of mesoderm specification. In the extraembryonic region, syndecan is not detectable on most cells of the central core of the ectoplacental cone, but is strongly expressed by cells undergoing trophoblast giant cell differentiation and remains prominent on differentiated giant cells, suggesting a role in placental development. Immunoprecipitation studies indicate that the size of the syndecan core protein, although larger than that found in adult tissues (75 versus 69 × 10(3) Mr), does not change during peri-implantation development. The size distribution of the intact proteoglycan does change, however, indicating developmental alterations in its glycosaminoglycan composition. These results indicate potential roles for syndecan in epithelial organization of the embryonic ectoderm, in differential axial patterning of the embryonic mesoderm and in trophoblast giant cell function.

Apolipoprotein expression by murine visceral yolk sac endoderm

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Wei-Kang Shi ◽  
John K. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Apolipoprotein Ai ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Visceral Yolk Sac ◽  
Specific Localization

Apolipoprotein expression was examined in the postimplantation mouse embryo. Antibodies directed against murine Apolipoprotein AI and human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles specifically immunoprecipitated metabolically labelled radioactive apolipoproteins from the culture supernatant of 10·5 days post coitum (days p.c.) yolk sac visceral endoderm cultured in vitro. No evidence for apolipoprotein expression by other embryonic or extraembryonic tissues at this stage was obtained. Immunohistochemical staining at sectioned 10·5 days p.c. embryos with anti-Apolipoprotein AI antibodies revealed specific localization of immunoreactive material in the yolk sac visceral endoderm. We conclude that the yolk sac visceral endoderm is a source of lipoproteins during postimplantation embryonic development.

Identification of two new nonclassical members of the rat prolactin family

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sahgal ◽  
GT Knipp ◽  
B Liu ◽  
BM Chapman ◽  
G Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Trophoblast Giant Cell ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Junctional Zone ◽  
Dbest Database ◽  
Chorioallantoic Placenta ◽  
Trophoblast Giant Cells ◽  
Ectoplacental Cone

The prolactin (PRL) family is comprised of a group of hormones/cytokines that are expressed in the anterior pituitary, uterus, and placenta. These proteins participate in the control of maternal and fetal adaptations to pregnancy. In this report, we have identified two new nonclassical members of the rat PRL family through a search of the National Center for Biotechnology Information dbEST database. The cDNAs were sequenced and their corresponding mRNAs characterized. Overall, the rat cDNAs showed considerable structural similarities with mouse proliferin-related protein (PLF-RP) and prolactin-like protein-F (PLP-F), consistent with their classification as rat homologs for PLF-RP and PLP-F. The expression of both cytokines/hormones was restricted to the placenta. The intraplacental sites of PLF-RP and PLP-F synthesis differed in the rat and the mouse. In the mouse, PLF-RP was expressed in the trophoblast giant cell layer of the midgestation chorioallantoic and choriovitelline placentas and, during later gestation, in the trophoblast giant cell and spongiotrophoblast layers within the junctional zone of the mouse chorioallantoic placenta. In contrast, in the rat, PLF-RP was first expressed in the primordium of the chorioallantoic placenta (ectoplacental cone region) and, later, exclusively within the labyrinth zone of the chorioallantoic placenta. In the mouse, PLP-F is an exclusive product of the spongiotrophoblast layer, whereas in the rat, trophoblast giant cells were found to be the major source of PLP-F, with a lesser contribution from spongiotrophoblast cells late in gestation. In summary, we have established the presence of PLF-RP and PLP-F in the rat.

Properties of extra-embryonic ectoderm isolated from postimplantation mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
J. Rossant ◽  
L. Ofer
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
Trophoblast Giant Cells ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm ◽  
Ectoplacental Cone

Extra-embryonic ectoderm isolated from the mouse embryo as late as 8½ days post coitum can form cells with the morphological characteristics of trophoblast giant cells both in ectopic sites and in vitro. This similarity to the properties of ectoplacental cone tissue provides further support for the postulated common origin of both tissues from the trophectoderm of the blastocyst.

Osmotic stress promotes trophoblast giant cell invasion through c-Jun N-terminal kinase signalling in mouse embryo implantation in vitro

Placenta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Peter Ruane ◽  
Rebekka Koeck ◽  
Sue Kimber ◽  
Melissa Westwood ◽  
Daniel Brison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Trophoblast Giant Cell

scholarly journals Expression of a secreted transplantation antigen gene during murine embryogenesis.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3397-3400 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Stein ◽  
Y Barra ◽  
G Jay ◽  
S Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Transplantation Antigen ◽  
Antigen Gene ◽  
Late Embryogenesis ◽  
Visceral Yolk Sac ◽  
Development Proceeds

We examined the midgestation mouse embryo for transcripts related to the secreted transplantation antigen Q10 and show here that this gene is transcribed in the endoderm of the visceral yolk sac. Its level of expression is highest at day 14 and then declines as development proceeds. Concurrently with the decrease in yolk sac expression, the amount of transcripts accumulating in the fetal liver increases during late embryogenesis.

Expression of a secreted transplantation antigen gene during murine embryogenesis

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3397-3400
Author(s):  
P Stein ◽  
Y Barra ◽  
G Jay ◽  
S Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Transplantation Antigen ◽  
Antigen Gene ◽  
Late Embryogenesis ◽  
Visceral Yolk Sac ◽  
Development Proceeds

We examined the midgestation mouse embryo for transcripts related to the secreted transplantation antigen Q10 and show here that this gene is transcribed in the endoderm of the visceral yolk sac. Its level of expression is highest at day 14 and then declines as development proceeds. Concurrently with the decrease in yolk sac expression, the amount of transcripts accumulating in the fetal liver increases during late embryogenesis.

Visualization of Antibody Transport in Rat Visceral Yolk-Sac Placenta

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
William P. Jollie
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Visceral Yolk Sac ◽  
Antibody Complex ◽  
Cytochemical Reaction ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Yolk Sac Placenta

A technique has been developed for visualizing antibody against horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in rat visceral yolk sac, the placental membrane across which passive immunity previously has been shown to be transferred from mother to young just prior to birth. Female rats were immunized by injecting both hind foot pads with 1 mg HRP emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. They were given a booster of 0.5mg HRP in 0.1 ml normal saline i.v. after one week, then bred and autopsied at selected stages of pregnancy, viz., 12, 1 7 and 22 days post coitum, receiving a second booster, injected as above, five days before autopsy. Yolk sacs were removed surgically and fixed immediately in 2% paraformaldehye, 1% glutaraldehye in 0.1 M phosphate buffer with 0.01% CaCl2 at pH 7.4, room temperature, for 3 hr, rinsed 3X in 0.1 M phosphate buffer plus 5% sucrose, then exposed to 1 mg HRP in 1 ml 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 for 1 hr. They were refixed in aldehydes, as above, for 1 5 min (to assure binding of antigen-antibody complex). Following buffer washes, the tissues were incubated in 3 mg diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride and 0.01% H2O2 in 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer for 30 min. After brief buffer washes, they were postfixed in 2% OsO4. in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4, 4°C for 2 hr, dehydrated through a graded series of ethanols, and embedded in Durcupan. Thin sections were observed and photographed without contrast-enhancement with heavy metals. Cytochemical reaction product marked the site of HRP (i.e., antigen) which, in turn, was present only where it was bound with anti-HRP antibody.

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