Properties and development of erythropoietic stem cells in the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
Jacques Samarut ◽  
Victor Nigon
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Haemopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Life

1. When injected into irradiated chickens, haemopoietic stem cells give rise to well-defined erythrocytic colonies in the host marrow. Such stem cells (CFU-M = Colony Forming Unit in Marrow) have been found in different tissue of the chick embryo (yolk sac, blood, marrow). Analysis of the properties of CFU-M reveals that they represent two classes of stem cells: pluripotent stem cells mainly in adult marrow and erythrocytic-committed stem cells present in yolk sac. 2. Yolk sac contains the main pool of CFU-M during the major part of embryonic life. In the blood of 6-day-old embryo, there are three or four times more CFU-Ms than in the yolk sac; they are no longer detected in the blood after the 16th day of incubation. During development of the marrow, stem cells are actively differentiating and their total number remains the same from 16 days to hatching.

scholarly journals Modeling human yolk sac hematopoiesis with pluripotent stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Atkins ◽  
Rebecca Scarfò ◽  
Kathleen E. McGrath ◽  
Donghe Yang ◽  
James Palis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hematopoietic Development ◽  
Myeloid Progenitor

In the mouse, the first hematopoietic cells are generated in the yolk sac from the primitive, erythro-myeloid progenitor (EMP) and lymphoid programs that are specified before the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells. While many of the yolk sac–derived populations are transient, specific immune cell progeny seed developing tissues, where they function into adult life. To access the human equivalent of these lineages, we modeled yolk sac hematopoietic development using pluripotent stem cell differentiation. Here, we show that the combination of Activin A, BMP4, and FGF2 induces a population of KDR+CD235a/b+ mesoderm that gives rise to the spectrum of erythroid, myeloid, and T lymphoid lineages characteristic of the mouse yolk sac hematopoietic programs, including the Vδ2+ subset of γ/δ T cells that develops early in the human embryo. Through clonal analyses, we identified a multipotent hematopoietic progenitor with erythroid, myeloid, and T lymphoid potential, suggesting that the yolk sac EMP and lymphoid lineages may develop from a common progenitor.

On the origin of haemopoietic stem cells in the avian embryo: an experimental approach

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-619
Author(s):  
par Françoise Dieterlen-Lievre
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Haemopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Series ◽  
Haemopoietic Cells

It is currently accepted that stem cells of the definitive blood cell lines originate from the yolk-sac blood islands. Experiments were devised to examine the validity of this theory in the avian embryo. These involved grafting two-day-old quail embryos on to chick yolk-sacs of comparable developmental stages, i.e. before or shortly after the establishment of vascularization.The conclusions of the experiments are based on the possibility of distinguishing chick cell nuclei from those of the quail. In the developing haemopoietic organs (spleen and thymus) of quail embryos grafted on to the chick and subsequently incubated for 6–11 days, all cells, whether belonging to the granulopoietic, erythropoietic or lymphopoietic series, are of quail type. Thus these organs have not been colonized by chick stem cells. On the other hand, coelomic graft experiments show that the development of these organs is indeed dependent on an extrinsic colonization by haemopoietic cells; quail spleen or thymus rudiment, developing in the coelom of a chick, is populated by chick cells. Thus no incompatibility which would prevent heterospecific colonization exists in this system. It is concluded that haemopoietic stem cells of the definitive blood cell series originate from some source other than the yolk-sac, and that this source must be intra-embryonic.

scholarly journals Yolk sac erythromyeloid progenitors sustain erythropoiesis throughout embryonic life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Soares-da-Silva ◽  
Odile Burlen-Defranoux ◽  
Ramy Elsaid ◽  
Lorea Iturri ◽  
Laina Freyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Embryonic Life

AbstractThe first hematopoietic cells are produced in the yolk sac and are thought to be rapidly replaced by the progeny of hematopoietic stem cells. Here we document that hematopoietic stem cells do not contribute significantly to erythrocyte production up until birth. Lineage tracing of yolk sac-derived erythromyeloid progenitors, that also contribute to tissue resident macrophages, shows a progeny of highly proliferative erythroblasts, that after intra embryonic injection, rapidly differentiate. These progenitors, similar to hematopoietic stem cells, are c-Myb dependent and are developmentally restricted as they are not found in the bone marrow. We show that erythrocyte progenitors of yolk sac origin require lower concentrations of erythropoietin than their hematopoietic stem cell-derived counterparts for efficient erythrocyte production. Consequently, fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells fail to generate megakaryocyte and erythrocyte progenitors. We propose that large numbers of yolk sac-derived erythrocyte progenitors have a selective advantage and efficiently outcompete hematopoietic stem cell progeny in an environment with limited availability of erythropoietin.

scholarly journals Self-organized yolk sac-like organoids allow for scalable generation of multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naritaka Tamaoki ◽  
Stefan Siebert ◽  
Takuya Maeda ◽  
Ngoc-Han Ha ◽  
Meghan L. Good ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

The human definitive yolk sac is an important organ supporting the early developing embryo through nutrient supply and by facilitating the establishment of the embryonic circulatory system. However, the molecular and cellular biology of the human yolk sac remains largely obscure due to the lack of suitable in vitro models. Here, we show that human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) co-cultured with various types of stromal cells as spheroids self-organize into yolk sac-like organoids without the addition of exogenous factors. Yolk sac-like organoids recapitulated a yolk sac specific cellular complement and structures as well as the functional ability to generate definitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Furthermore, sequential hemato-vascular ontogenesis could be observed during organoid formation. Notably, our organoid system can be performed in a scalable, autologous, and xeno-free condition, thereby providing an important model of human definitive yolk sac development and allows for efficient bulk generation of hiPSC-derived HPCs.

scholarly journals Yolk sac, but not hematopoietic stem cell–derived progenitors, sustain erythropoiesis throughout murine embryonic life

2021 ◽  
Vol 218 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Soares-da-Silva ◽  
Laina Freyer ◽  
Ramy Elsaid ◽  
Odile Burlen-Defranoux ◽  
Lorea Iturri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Embryonic Life

In the embryo, the first hematopoietic cells derive from the yolk sac and are thought to be rapidly replaced by the progeny of hematopoietic stem cells. We used three lineage-tracing mouse models to show that, contrary to what was previously assumed, hematopoietic stem cells do not contribute significantly to erythrocyte production up until birth. Lineage tracing of yolk sac erythromyeloid progenitors, which generate tissue resident macrophages, identified highly proliferative erythroid progenitors that rapidly differentiate after intra-embryonic injection, persisting as the major contributors to the embryonic erythroid compartment. We show that erythrocyte progenitors of yolk sac origin require 10-fold lower concentrations of erythropoietin than their hematopoietic stem cell–derived counterparts for efficient erythrocyte production. We propose that, in a low erythropoietin environment in the fetal liver, yolk sac–derived erythrocyte progenitors efficiently outcompete hematopoietic stem cell progeny, which fails to generate megakaryocyte and erythrocyte progenitors.

Directed differentiation of mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells generates dopaminergic nerve

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S36-S36
Author(s):  
Ping Duan ◽  
Xuelin Ren ◽  
Wenhai Yan ◽  
Xuefei Han ◽  
Xu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Directed Differentiation ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Human myocardial extracellular matrix directs the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward a cardiomyocyte phenotype

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Oberwallner ◽  
A. Brodarac ◽  
P. Anic ◽  
T. Saric ◽  
K. Bieback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells
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