Cell division patterns in the Drosophila head disc: clones on the head cuticle

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Robert Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mitotic Recombination ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Model Assumption

An account of the patterns of clones induced on the head cuticle of Drosophila melanogaster is given. The system was studied using mitotic recombination, induced by X-rays at certain developmental stages. In agreement with the findings of a computer model devised to simulate growth in the head imaginal disc, cuticle clones are found to have a characteristic pattern, weeping round the central, eye-forming part of the disc. The similarity between model and experiment suggests the validity of the model assumption. It is also shown that cuticle clones are not smaller in the posterior of the head, when induced at the developmental stages studied: this is in contrast to clones in the compound eye, where posterior clones are smaller thananterior ones.

Temporal Pattern of Bristle Development on Drosophila melanogaster Sternites

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Claxton
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
X Rays

Bristle development in D. melanogaster can be prevented with X-rays administered prior to the final differentiative divisions of bristle-committed epidermal cells. The epidermal cells are radiationinsensitive if the same dose is given after cell division. By subjecting variously aged early pupae to X-radiation and subsequently scoring bristle numbers in adults, a temporal pattern of radiation insensitivity was established on the abdominal sternites. The pattern is a simple gradient extending anteriorly and medially from the posterior lateral sternite �corners'. The possible significance of this to the origin of bristle spatial patterns is discussed.

Establishing primordia in the Drosophila eye-antennal imaginal disc: the roles of decapentaplegic, wingless and hedgehog

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (23) ◽  
pp. 4793-4800 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Royet ◽  
R. Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Imaginal Discs ◽  
Model System ◽  
Morphogenetic Furrow ◽  
Excellent Model ◽  
Eye Disc ◽  
Antennal Disc

The eye-antennal imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster form the head capsule of the adult fly. Unlike the limb primordia, each eye-antennal disc gives rise to morphologically and functionally distinct structures. As a result, these discs provide an excellent model system for determining how the fates of primordia are specified during development. In this study, we investigated how the adjacent primordia of the compound eye and dorsal head vertex are specified. We show that the genes wingless (wg) and orthodenticle (otd) are expressed throughout the entire second instar eye-antennal disc, conferring a default fate of dorsal vertex cuticle. Activation of decapentaplegic (dpp) expression in the posterior eye disc eliminates wg and otd expression, thereby permitting eye differentiation. We also demonstrate that otd is activated by wg in the vertex primordium. Finally, we show that early activation of dpp depends on hedgehog (hh) expression in the eye anlage prior to morphogenetic furrow formation.

scholarly journals Induced rates of mitotic crossing over and possible mitotic gene conversion per wing anlage cell in Drosophila melanogaster by X rays and fission neutrons.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ayaki ◽  
K Fujikawa ◽  
H Ryo ◽  
T Itoh ◽  
S Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Mitotic Recombination ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Secondary Result ◽  
Mitotic Gene Conversion ◽  
Fission Neutrons

Abstract As a model for chromosome aberrations, radiation-induced mitotic recombination of mwh and flr genes in Drosophila melanogaster strain (mwh +/+ flr) was quantitatively studied. Fission neutrons were five to six times more effective than X rays per unit dose in producing either crossover-mwh/flr twins and mwh singles-or flr singles, indicating that common processes are involved in the production of crossover and flr singles. The X-ray-induced rate/wing anlage cell/Gy for flr singles was 1 X 10(-5), whereas that of crossover was 2 x 10(-4); the former and the latter rate are of the same order of magnitude as those of gene conversion and crossover in yeast, respectively. Thus, we conclude that proximal-marker "flr" singles induced in the transheterozygote are gene convertants. Using the model based on yeast that recombination events result from repair of double-strand breaks or gaps, we propose that mitotic recombination in the fly is a secondary result of recombinational DNA repair. Evidence for recombinational misrepair in the fly is given. The relative ratio of radiation-induced mitotic crossover to spontaneous meiotic crossover is one order of magnitude higher in the fly than in yeast and humans.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE ALLELE APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF GENES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER THAT ARE INVOLVED IN IMAGINAL DISC DEVELOPMENT

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Shearn ◽  
Grafton Hersperger ◽  
Evelyn Hersperger ◽  
Ellen Steward Pentz ◽  
Paul Denker
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Mutant Allele ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Reference Allele ◽  
Multiple Allele ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chromosome Mutations ◽  
Cold Sensitive

ABSTRACT The phenotypes of five different lethal mutants of Drosophila melanogaster that have small imaginal discs were analyzed in detail. From these results, we inferred whether or not the observed imaginal disc phenotype resulted exclusively from a primary imaginal disc defect in each mutant. To examine the validity of these inferences, we employed a multiple-allele method. Lethal alleles of the five third-chromosome mutations were identified by screening EMS-treated chromosomes for those which fail to complement with a chromosome containing all five reference mutations. Twenty-four mutants were isolated from 13,197 treated chromosomes. Each of the 24 was then tested for complementation with each of the five reference mutants. There was no significant difference in the mutation frequencies at these five loci. The stage of lethality and the imaginal disc morphology of each mutant allele were compared to those of its reference allele in order to examine the range of defects to be found among lethal alleles of each locus. In addition, hybrids of the alleles were examined for intracistronic complementation. For two of the five loci, we detected no significant phenotypic variation among lethal alleles. We infer that each of the mutant alleles at these two loci cause expression of the null activity phenotype. However, for the three other loci, we did detect significant phenotypic variation among lethal alleles. In fact, one of the mutant alleles at each of these three loci causes no detectable imaginal disc defect. This demonstrates that attempting to assess the developmental role of a gene by studying a single mutant allele may lead to erroneous conclusions. As a byproduct of the mutagenesis procedure, we have isolated two dominant, cold-sensitive mutants.

scholarly journals THE INTERCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF MUTATIONS INDUCED IN OOCYTES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER BY CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MUTAGENS

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
H Traut
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Lethal Mutation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mutagenic Treatment ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Recessive Lethal ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
X Irradiation

ABSTRACT When females of Drosophila melanogaster are treated with chemical or physical mutagens, not only in one but also in both of the two homologous X chromosomes of a given oocyte, a recessive sex-linked lethal mutation may be induced. A method is described that discriminates between such "single" and "double mutations." A theory is developed to show how a comparison between the expected and the observed frequency of double mutations yields an indication of the intercellular distribution (random or nonrandom) of recessive lethal mutations induced by mutagenic agents in oocytes and, consequently, of the distribution (homogeneous or nonhomogeneous) of those agents.—Three agents were tested: FUdR (12.5, 50.0 and 81.0,μg/ml), mitomycin C (130.0 μg/ml) and X rays (2000 R, 150 kV). After FUdR feeding, no increase in the mutation frequency usually observed in D. melanogaster without mutagenic treatment was obtained (u=0.13%, namely three single mutations among 2332 chromosomes tested). After mitomycin C feeding, 104. single and three double mutations were obtained. All of the 50 mutations observed after X irradiation were single mutations. The results obtained in the mitomycin C and radiation experiments favor the assumption of a random intercellular distribution of recessive lethal mutations induced by these two agents in oocytes of D. melanogaster. Reasons are discussed why for other types of mutagenic agents nonrandom distributions may be observed with our technique.

Genetic characterization of ms (3) K81, a paternal effect gene of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G K Yasuda ◽  
G Schubiger ◽  
B T Wakimoto
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Paternal Effect ◽  
Developmental Arrest ◽  
Effect Gene

Abstract The vast majority of known male sterile mutants of Drosophila melanogaster fail to produce mature sperm or mate properly. The ms(3) K81(1) mutation is one of a rare class of male sterile mutations in which sterility is caused by developmental arrest after sperm entry into the egg. Previous studies showed that males homozygous for the K81(1) mutation produce progeny that arrest at either of two developmental stages. Most embryos arrest during early nuclear cycles, whereas the remainder are haploid embryos that arrest at a later stage. This description of the mutant phenotype was based on the analysis of a single allele isolated from a natural population. It was therefore unclear whether this unique paternal effect phenotype reflected the normal function of the gene. The genetic analysis and initial molecular characterization of five new K81 mutations are described here. Hemizygous conditions and heteroallelic combinations of the alleles were associated with male sterility caused by defects in embryogenesis. No other mutant phenotypes were observed. Thus, the K81 gene acted as a strict paternal effect gene. Moreover, the biphasic pattern of developmental arrest was common to all the alleles. These findings strongly suggested that the unusual embryonic phenotype caused by all five new alleles was due to loss of function of the K81+ gene. The K81 gene is therefore the first clear example of a strict paternal effect gene in Drosophila. Based on the embryonic lethal phenotypes, we suggest that the K81+ gene encodes a sperm-specific product that is essential for the male pronucleus to participate in the first few embryonic nuclear divisions.

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