Implantation and early post implantation development of the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus, Schreber

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-543
Author(s):  
Wacław Ożdżeński ◽  
Ewa T. Mystkowska
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Bank Vole ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Foetal Membranes ◽  
Primitive Species ◽  
Geomys Bursarius ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm

The development of the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus is described from implantation to the formation of the foetal membranes. The embryonic development of this species combines features of primitive rodent species, for example Geomys bursarius and highly specializedones, for example Mus musculus. The egg-cylinder is formed by invagination into the blasto-coelic cavity of the inner cell mass and polar trophoblast overlying it; this resembles in manyrespects the early stages of development of primitive species. The fully formed egg-cylinder, however, resembles that of the mouse and the formation of foetal membranes is also similar to that in Muridae. It is concluded that in the bank vole and also in other rodents, the extra-embryonic ectoderm of the egg-cylinder is derived from the polar trophoblast rather than from the inner cell mass.

Expression of Forssman antigen in the post-implantation mouse embryo

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
M. G. Stinnakre ◽  
M. J. Evans ◽  
K. R. Willison ◽  
P. L. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Related Distribution ◽  
Forssman Antigen ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm ◽  
Positive Population

The expression of Forssman antigen on the surface of cells of post-implantation mouse embryos between 5 and 7½ days old and of cells of the gonads from 10½ days has been followed using the monoclonal antiserum M1/22.25. In the early post-implantation embryo a lineage-related distribution is found. The inner cell mass of the blastocyst was previously shown to be Forssman antigen positive and its derivative tissues the epiblast of the 5-day embryo and the primary embryonic endoderm are also positive. The endoderm cells remain positive both over the embryonic and extraembryonic portions of the embryo but the epiblast becomes Forssman antigen negative as it differentiates into embryonic ectoderm. The extraembryonic ectoderm which is derived from the Forssman negative trophectoderm remains negative throughout. The primordial germ cells are Forssman antigen positive from their first appearance in the germinal ridge until day 14 when they become negative but after that time it is other cells not related by direct lineage which become Forssman antigen positive. These are tentatively identified as Sertoli cells precursors as it is the Sertoli cells which are the antigen-positive population in the adult testis.

In vitro development of inner cell masses isolated immunosurgically from mouse blastocysts

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Brigid Hogan ◽  
Rita Tilly
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Limited Region ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm

This paper describes the in vitro development of inner cell masses isolated immunosurgically from mouse blastocysts which had been collected on 3·5 days p.c. and then incubated for 24 h. The inner cell masses continue to grow in culture and develop through a series of stages with increasing complexity of internal organization. By day 1 all of the cultured ICMs have an outer layer of endoderm, and by day 3 some of them have two distinct kinds of inside cells; a columnar epithelial layer and a thin hemisphere of elongated cells. Later, mesodermal cells appear to delaminate from a limited region of the columnar layer, close to where it forms a junction with the thinner cells. By day 5, about 25% of the cultured ICMs have a striking resemblance to normal 7·5-day p.c. C3H embryos, with embryonic ectoderm, extra-embryonic ectoderm and chorion, embryonic and extra-embryonic mesoderm, and visceral endoderm. When mechanically disrupted and grown as attached clumps of cells in a tissue dish, these embryo-like structures give rise to trophoblast-like giant cells. These results suggest that the inner cell mass of 4·5-day p.c. blastocysts contains cells which can give rise to trophoblast derivates in culture.

Metabolic co-operation between embryonic and embryonal carcinoma cells of the mouse

Development ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-275
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Gaunt ◽  
Virginia E. Papaioannou
Keyword(s):  
Embryonal Carcinoma ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Cone Cells ◽  
Ec Cells ◽  
Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Early Mouse ◽  
Intercellular Exchange ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm

Mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells form permeable junctions at their homotypic cell-to-cell contacts which permit intercellular exchange of metabolites (metabolic co-operation). Hooper & Slack (1977) showed how this exchange could be detected by autoradiography as the transfer of [3H]nucleotides between PCI3 (a pluripotential EC line) and PCI 3- TG8 (a variant of PC13 which is deficient in hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase). We now show that cells taken from several different tissues of early mouse embryos, that is, from the morula, the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, and the endoderm, mesoderm and embryonic ectoderm of the 8th day egg cylinder, are able to serve as donors of [3H] ucleotides to PC13TG8. In contrast, trophectodermal cells of cultured blastocysts, and the trophectodermal derivatives in the 8th day egg cylinder, that is, extra-embryonic ectoderm and ectoplacental cone cells, showed little or no metabolic co-operation with PC13TG8. With reference to some common properties of EC and embryonic cells, we suggest how our findings may provide insight into cell-to-cell interactions in the early mouse embryo.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out of dUTPase in mice leads to early embryonic lethality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajnalka Laura Pálinkás ◽  
Gergely Rácz ◽  
Zoltán Gál ◽  
Orsolya Hoffmann ◽  
Gergely Tihanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Genome Maintenance ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphate ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Early Embryonic Lethality ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Post Implantation

AbstractSanitization of nucleotide pools is essential for genome maintenance. Among the enzymes significant in this mechanism, deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) performs cleavage of dUTP into dUMP and inorganic pyrophosphate. By this reaction the enzyme efficiently prevents uracil incorporation into DNA and provides dUMP, the substrate for de novo thymidylate biosynthesis. Despite its physiological significance, knock-out models of dUTPase have not yet been investigated in mammals, only in unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and yeast. Here we generate CRISPR/Cas9-mediated dUTPase knock-out in mice. We find that heterozygous dut +/-animals are viable while the decreased dUTPase level is clearly observable. We also show that the enzyme is essential for embryonic development. Based on the present results, early dut -/-embryos can still reach the blastocyst stage, however, they die shortly after implantation. Analysis of preimplantion embryos indicate perturbed growth of both inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE). We conclude that dUTPase is indispensable for post-implantation development in mice. The gene targeting model generated in the present study will allow further detailed studies in combination with additional gene knock-outs.

Investigation of inner cell mass determination by aggregation of isolated rat inner cell masses with mouse morulae

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
J. Rossant
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Mass Determination ◽  
Mouse Uterus ◽  
Immunofluorescent Analysis ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm ◽  
Isolated Rat

Inner cell masses (ICMs) dissected from 4½-day rat blastocysts were aggregated with 2½-day mouse morulae. Successful aggregates formed blastocysts in vitro and morphologically normal 5½-day conceptuses in the mouse uterus. Immunofluorescent analysis of these conceptuses revealed that rat cells were only present in the embryonic ectoderm and endoderm and never in the trophectoderm derivatives, although rat trophoblast did develop in the mouse uterus in various control experiments. The single-cell resolution of this technique extends the results obtained from aggregating mouse ICMs with mouse morulae and provides strong evidence that ICM cells, although not overtly differentiated, are determined by the blastocyst stage.

scholarly journals Foetal fibroblasts introduced to cleaving mouse embryos contribute to full-term development

Reproduction ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Piliszek ◽  
Jacek A Modliński ◽  
Kazimiera Pyśniak ◽  
Jolanta Karasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Hybrid Cells ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
High Contribution ◽  
Foetal Membranes

Foetal fibroblasts (FFs) labelled with vital fluorescent dye were microsurgically introduced into eight-cell mouse embryos, three cells to each embryo. FFs were first identified in the inner cell mass (ICM) in about one-third of embryos, whereas in three quarters of embryos FFs were located among trophoblast cells. Some elimination of FFs from trophoblast occurred later on. Eventually, in blastocysts’ outgrowths, an equally high contribution from FFs progeny (60%) was found in both ICM and trophoblast. Three days after manipulation, FFs resumed proliferation in vitro. More than three FFs were found in 46.2% of embryos on day 4. On the 7th day in vitro in 70% of embryos more than 12 FFs were found, proving at least three cell divisions. To study postimplantation development, the embryos with FFs were transferred to pseudopregnant recipients a day after manipulation. After implantation, FFs were identified by electrophoresis for isozymes of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI). A single 11-day embryo delayed to day 8 proved chimeric by expressing both donor isozyme GPI-1B and recipient GPI-1A. Similar chimerism was found in the extraembryonic lineage of 11% of embryos by day 12. Starting from day 11 onwards, in 32% of normal embryos and in 57% of foetal membranes, hybrid GPI-1AB isozyme, as well as recipient isozyme, was present. Hybrid GPI-1AB can only be produced in hybrid cells derived by cell fusion, therefore, we suggest that during postimplantation development, FFs are rescued by fusion with recipient cells. In the mice born, hybrid isozyme was found in several tissues, including brain, lung, gut and kidney. We conclude that somatic cells (FFs) can proliferate in earlyembryonic environment until early postimplantation stages. Foetuses and the mice born are chimeras between recipient cells and hybrid cells with contributions from the donor FFs. Transdifferentiation as opposed to reprogramming by cell fusion can be considered as underlying cellular processes in these chimeras.

scholarly journals LINE-1 retrotransposition impacts the genome of human pre-implantation embryos and extraembryonic tissues

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Muñoz-Lopez ◽  
Raquel Vilar ◽  
Claude Philippe ◽  
Raheleh Rahbari ◽  
Sandra R. Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Trophectoderm Cells ◽  
Human Genome Evolution ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Long Interspersed Element

ABSTRACTLong Interspersed Element 1 (LINE-1/L1) is an abundant retrotransposon that has greatly impacted human genome evolution. LINE-1s are responsible for the generation of millions of insertions in the current human population. The characterization of sporadic cases of mosaic individuals carrying pathogenic L1-insertions, suggest that heritable insertions occurs during early embryogenesis. However, the timing and potential genomic impact of LINE-1 mobilization during early embryogenesis is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that inner cell mass of human pre-implantation embryos support the expression and retrotransposition of LINE −1s. Additionally, we show that LINE-1s are expressed in trophectoderm cells of embryos, and identify placenta-restricted endogenous LINE-1 insertions in newborns. Using human embryonic stem cells as a model of post-implantation epiblast cells, we demonstrate ongoing LINE-1 retrotransposition, which can impact expression of targeted genes. Our data demonstrate that LINE-1 retrotransposition starts very shortly after fertilization and may represent a previously underappreciated factor in human biology and disease.

scholarly journals Lineage segregation, pluripotency and X-chromosome inactivation in the pig pre-gastrulation embryo

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Ramos-Ibeas ◽  
Fei Sang ◽  
Qifan Zhu ◽  
Walfred W.C. Tang ◽  
Sarah Withey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Early Human Development ◽  
Mammalian Embryogenesis ◽  
Primed State ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Early Human

AbstractHigh-resolution molecular programs delineating the cellular foundations of mammalian embryogenesis have emerged recently. Similar analysis of human embryos is limited to pre-implantation stages, since early post-implantation embryos are inaccessible. Notwithstanding, we previously suggested conserved principles of pig and human early development. For further insight on pluripotent states and lineage delineation, we analysed pig embryos at single cell resolution. Here we show progressive segregation of inner cell mass and trophectoderm in early blastocysts, and then of epiblast and hypoblast in late blastocysts. We detected distinct pluripotent states, first as a short ‘naïve’ state followed by a protracted primed state. Dosage compensation with respect to the X-chromosome in females is attained via X-inactivation in late epiblasts. Detailed human-pig comparison is a basis towards comprehending early human development and a foundation for further studies of human pluripotent stem cell differentiation in pig interspecies chimeras.

scholarly journals Mifepristone Directly Disrupts Mouse Embryonic Development in Terms of Cellular Proliferation and Maturation In Vitro

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Yu-Ting Su ◽  
Jia-Shing Chen ◽  
Yi-Ru Tsai ◽  
Kuo-Chung Lan ◽  
Cheng-Chun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Post Implantation

Mifepristone (RU-486), a synthetic steroid with potent antiprogestogen and anti-glucocorticoid properties, has been widely used in clinical practice. Its effect on the endometrium, ovary, and fallopian tube has been well reported in many human and animal studies. However, its direct impact on post-implantation embryos remains underexplored. Additionally, some women choose to keep their pregnancy after mifepristone treatment fails. Thus, the potential risk remains controversial. Hence, this study investigated the direct effects of mifepristone on the development of mice blastocysts in vitro in terms of implantation and post-implantation. We detected the level of progesterone (P4) associated with ovulation in vivo. The presence of progesterone receptors (PRs) in blastocysts and post-implantation embryos was also evaluated. Cultured embryos were treated directly with mifepristone. We further examined embryonic implantation and post-implantation of blastocysts in vitro to evaluate the direct effects of mifepristone on embryos by the assessment of embryonic outgrowth and differential cell staining. In the oviduct lumen, the P4 level dramatically increased at 48 h and slightly decreased at 72 and 96 h following ovulation. PR was expressed in blastocysts not only in the preimplantation stage but also in the early post-implantation period. In the evaluation of developmental stages, mifepristone significantly reduced the successful ratio of developing into the late egg cylinder and the early somite stage. In addition, it further decreased the cell number of the embryos’ inner cell mass and trophectoderm. We herein provide evidence that mifepristone affects blastocyst viability directly and inhibits post-implantation embryo development in vitro. Furthermore, our data reveal a potential risk of fetus fatality and developmental problems when pregnancies are continued after mifepristone treatment fails.

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