Rôle du mésoderme somitique dans le développement du plumage dorsal chez l'embryon de Poulet

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-341
Author(s):  
Par Annick Mauger
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
The State ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Dorsal Skin ◽  
Dermal Cells ◽  
Somitic Mesoderm ◽  
Regulative Capacity

The role of somitic mesoderm in the development of dorsal plumage in chick embryos. I. Origin, regulation capacity and determination The role of somitic mesoderm in the development of the dorsal plumage has been studied in chick embryos. The operations were performed at 2–2·5 days of incubation. The replacement of a portion of somitic mesoderm by somitic mesoderm labelled with [3H]thymidine or obtained from Japanese quail embryos (whose nuclei bear distinctive specific markers) showed that cells originating from the dermatomes build up the dermis of the dorsal skin only. They do not migrate farther than approximately midway down the flank. Beyond this limit, dermal cells originate from the somatopleural mesoderm. The unsegmented somitic mesoderm is capable of extensive regulation, which leads to the development of a dorsal plumage, normal in the number and arrangement of its feathers according to the characteristic pattern of the spinal pteryla. Uni- or bilateral excision of segmented somitic mesoderm resulted in dorsal plumage deficiencies, the extent and frequency of which was related to the state of differentiation of the excised mesoderm. Thus, the excision of somites generally led to an incomplete spinal pteryla (absence of feather rows, apteria). However, the somitic mesoderm is still capable of regulation even though it has already undergone its differentiation into dermatome, myotome and sclerotome. These results show that somitic mesoderm retains its regulative capacity, even though it has already acquired its feather-forming determination. The replacement of unsegmented somitic mesoderm by various implants (agar, tantalum, gut, neural tube, somatopleural mesoderm), intended to block the regulation processes, abolished the differentiation of the spinal feathers on the operated side. In some cases, the implantation of somatopleural mesoderm resulted in the formation of a supernumerary tract. No tissue other than somitic mesoderm – not even the somatopleural mesoderm, which is normally in part feather-forming – is able to give rise to region-specific spinal pteryla dermis. The excision and replacement of somitic mesoderm prevented the differentiation of dense dermis, whereas these operations had no effect on the early histogenesis of the epidermis, with the formation of arches and anchor filaments.

Rôle du mésoderme somitique dans le développement du plumage dorsal chez l'embryon de Poulet

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-366
Author(s):  
Par Annick Mauger
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Normal Differentiation ◽  
Time Of Operation ◽  
Somitic Mesoderm ◽  
Axial Organs

The role of somitic mesoderm in the development of dorsal plumage in chick embryos. II. Regionalisation. Transplantation and inversion experiments were performed on the somitic mesoderm of 2- to 2·5-day chick embryos in order to study the role of regional and axial determinations in the development of the dorsal plumage. The transposition of a piece of somitic mesoderm from the posterior cervical region (where the spinal pteryla is narrow) to the thoraco-lumbar region (where it is wide) leads to a local and unilateral narrowing of the spinal pteryla at the operation site. Conversely, the transposition of somitic mesoderm from the thoraco-lumbar region to the posterior cervical region results in a local and unilateral widening of the spinal pteryla. Consequently at the time of operation the segmented or not yet segmented somitic mesoderm is already determined to give rise to a definite transverse level of the spinal pteryla. The inversion of the cephalo-caudal polarity of a piece of somitic mesoderm without the ectodermal covering, or of a portion of the axial organs deprived of the overlying ectoderm has no effect on the orientation of feather filaments and feather rows. In contrast, the inversion of the cephalo-caudal polarity of a portion of the axial organs together with the overlying ectoderm results in the development of feathers growing in a cephalad direction and feather chevrons opening towards the head of the embryo. The inversion of the dorso-ventral polarity of a piece of somitic mesoderm does not prevent the normal differentiation of feathers in the operated region. The inversion of the medio-lateral polarity of a piece of unsegmented somitic mesoderm has little effect on the development of the spinal pteryla. On the contrary, the medio-lateral inversion of a chain of somites precludes the formation of the feathers at the level of operation. The somitic mesoderm, even when segmented, is endowed with extensive regulative capacity of its axes, except for the medio-lateral polarity, which is fixed irreversibly at the time of segmentation. The regional determination of the feather-forming somitic mesoderm is acquired at an early stage, at any rate before segmentation. However, at a given transverse level of the cephalo-caudal axis, the somitic cells remain totipotent as concerns their histo-genetic destiny (dermatome, myotome, or sclerotome) until after the onset of segmentation.

Relationship between Wnt-1 and En-2 expression domains during early development of normal and ectopic met-mesencephalon

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bally-Cuif ◽  
R.M. Alvarado-Mallart ◽  
D.K. Darnell ◽  
M. Wassef
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Expression Domain ◽  
General Role ◽  
Maximal Expression

Grafting a met-mesencephalic portion of neural tube from a 9.5-day mouse embryo into the prosencephalon of a 2-day chick embryo results in the induction of chick En-2 (ChickEn) expression in cells in contact with the graft (Martinez et al., 1991). In this paper we investigate the possibility of Wnt-1 being one of the factors involved in En-2 induction. Since Wnt-1 and En-2 expression patterns have been described as diverging during development of the met-mesencephalic region, we first compared Wnt-1 and En-2 expression in this domain by in situ hybridization in mouse embryos after embryonic day 8.5. A ring of Wnt-1-expressing cells is detected encircling the neural tube in the met-mesencephalic region at least until day 12.5. This ring consistently overlapped with the En-2 expression domain, and corresponds to the position of this latter gene's maximal expression. We subsequently studied ChickEn ectopic induction in chick embryos grafted with various portions of met-mesencephalon. When the graft originated from the level of the Wnt-1-positive ring, ChickEn induction was observed in 71% of embryos, and in these cases correlated with Wnt-1 expression in the grafted tissue. In contrast, this percentage dropped significantly when the graft was taken from more rostral or caudal parts of the mesencephalic vesicle. Taken together, these results are compatible with a prolonged role of Wnt-1 in the specification and/or development of the met-mesencephalic region, and show that Wnt-1 could be directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of En-2 expression around the Wnt-1-positive ring during this time. We also provide data on the position of the Wnt-1-positive ring relative to anatomical boundaries in the neural tube, which suggest a more general role for the Wnt-1 protein as a positional signal involved in organizing the met-mesencephalic domain.

scholarly journals Misexpression of BRE gene in the developing chick neural tube affects neurulation and somitogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiao-Yu Wang ◽  
Manli Chuai ◽  
John Yeuk-Hon Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Early Chick Embryo

This is the first study of the role of BRE in embryonic development using early chick embryos. BRE is expressed in the developing neural tube, neural crest cells, and somites. BRE thus plays an important role in regulating neurogenesis and indirectly somitogenesis during early chick embryo development.

Hindbrain patterning involves graded responses to retinoic acid signalling

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (12) ◽  
pp. 2199-2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Dupé ◽  
Andrew Lumsden
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptors ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Anteroposterior Axis ◽  
Retinoic Acid Signalling ◽  
Graded Responses ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Precise Role

Several recent studies have shown that retinoic acid signalling is required for correct patterning of the hindbrain. However, the data from these studies are disparate and the precise role of retinoic acid signalling in patterning the anteroposterior axis of the neural tube remains uncertain. To help clarify this issue, we have cultured a staged series of chick embryos in the presence of an antagonist to the all three retinoic acid receptors. Our data indicate that retinoic acid is the transforming signal involved in the expansion of posterior hindbrain structures. We find that the hindbrain region of the neural tube down to the level of the sixth somite acquires the identity of rhombomere 4 when retinoic acid signalling is blocked. Specification of future rhombomere boundaries has a retinoic acid dependency between stage 5 and stage 10+ that is lost progressively in an anterior-to-posterior sequence. Furthermore, the application of various concentrations of antagonist shows that successively more posterior rhombomere boundaries require progressively higher concentration of endogenous retinoic acid for their correct positioning, a result that strengthens the hypothesis that a complex retinoid gradient acts to pattern the posterior hindbrain. Our dissection of early retinoic acid functions allows us to re-interpret the wide disparity of hindbrain phenotypes previously observed in various models of retinoic acid deficiency.

Epithelial-mesenchymal conversion of dermatome progenitors requires neural tube-derived signals: characterization of the role of Neurotrophin-3

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (8) ◽  
pp. 2583-2594 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brill ◽  
N. Kahane ◽  
C. Carmeli ◽  
D. von Schack ◽  
Y.A. Barde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Blocking Antibody ◽  
Related Molecule ◽  
Neurotrophin 3 ◽  
Functional Relevance

Development of the somite-derived dermatome involves conversion of the epithelial dermatome progenitors into mesenchymal cells of the dermis. In chick embryos, neural tube-derived signals are required for this conversion, as the interposition of a membrane between neural tube and somites results in a failure of the dermatome to lose its epithelial arrangement. However, dermis formation can be completely rescued by coating the membranes with Neurotrophin-3, but not with the related molecule Nerve growth factor. Neurotrophin-3 was also found to be necessary for dermatome dissociation using in vitro explants or partially dissociated dermomyotomes. The functional relevance of these observations was investigated by neutralizing endogenous Neurotrophin-3 using a specific blocking antibody. Antibody-treated embryos revealed the presence of tightly aggregated cells between myotome and ectoderm instead of the loose dermal mesenchyme observed in embryos treated with control antibodies. As previous studies have demonstrated the presence of Neurotrophin-3 in the neural tube, these results suggest that it may be a necessary neural tube-derived signal required for early stages of dermis formation.

Feather morphogenesis and feather pattern in normal and talpid3 mutant chick embryos

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
D. A. Ede ◽  
J. R. Hinchliffe ◽  
H. C. Mees
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Abnormal Distribution ◽  
Dermal Cell ◽  
Dermal Cells ◽  
Striking Effect

A comparative study of feather morphogenesis and the development of feather pattern in normal and talpid3 embryos has been carried out. The development of talpid3 CAM grafts shows that the effect of the gene is autonomous in the skin. The most striking effect of the gene upon feather morphogenesis is the failure of normal feather germ condensations to appear within the dermis. This is reflected in the abnormal distribution of alkaline phosphatase through the dermis. Dermal cells within and between condensations are not orientated in the mutant as they are in normal embryos, probably owing to the same defect in cell behaviour which causes condensation failure in talpid3 precartilage mesenchyme. The role of dermal cell orientation and movement in generating the overall feather pattern is examined in both normal and talpid3 embryos.

Consequences of somite manipulation on the pattern of dorsal root ganglion development

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kalcheim ◽  
M.A. Teillet
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Somitic Mesoderm

We have investigated dorsal root ganglion formation, in the avian embryo, as a function of the composition of the paraxial somitic mesoderm. Three or four contiguous young somites were unilaterally removed from chick embryos and replaced by multiple cranial or caudal half-somites from quail embryos. Migration of neural crest cells and formation of DRG were subsequently visualized both by the HNK-1 antibody and the Feulgen nuclear stain. At advanced migratory stages (as defined by Teillet et al. Devl Biol. 120, 329–347 1987), neural crest cells apposed to the dorsolateral faces of the neural tube were distributed in a continuous, nonsegmented pattern that was indistinguishable on unoperated sides and on sides into which either half of the somites had been grafted. In contrast, ventrolaterally, neural crest cells were distributed segmentally close to the neural tube and within the cranial part of each normal sclerotome, whereas they displayed a nonsegmental distribution when the graft involved multiple cranial half-somites or were virtually absent when multiple caudal half-somites had been implanted. In spite of the identical dorsal distribution of neural crest cells in all embryos, profound differences in the size and segmentation of DRG were observed during gangliogenesis (E4–9) according to the type of graft that had been performed. Thus when the implant consisted of compound cranial half-somites, giant, coalesced ganglia developed, encompassing the entire length of the graft. On the other hand, very small, dorsally located ganglia with irregular segmentation were seen at the level corresponding to the graft of multiple caudal half-somites. We conclude that normal morphogenesis of dorsal root ganglia depends upon the craniocaudal integrity of the somites.

Epidermal metaplasia of proamnionic epithelium induced by dorsal skin dermis in the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Takeo Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Dorsal Skin ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Inductive Interaction ◽  
Dermal Cells

Proamnionic epithelium of the chick embryo cultivated directly on Wolff and Haffen's medium in the absence of mesenchymes fails to differentiate. Cultivation of the dorsal dermis of 6·5-day chick embryos in the absence of epithelium also results in lack of differentiation of dermal cells. When proamnionic epithelium taken from embryos before the 10-somite stage is cultivated combined with dorsal dermis of 6·5-day embryos for 6 days, the epithelium invariably undergoes metaplastic changes, forming stratified epidermis, sometimes with keratinized superficial layer. The underlying dermal cells are condensed and this often leads to the formation of feather germ-like structures. The competence of the epithelium for changing into the epidermis is gradually lost after the 10-somite stage, and the dorsal dermis from 8·5-day embryos is not very effective in inducing the epidermal metaplasia. Proamnionic epithelium cultivated on heat-killed dorsal dermis seems healthy but shows no sign of differentiation. Dorsal dermis combined with heat-killed proamnionic epithelium spreads and remains almost undifferentiated. These observations suggest that reciprocal induction mechanisms are involved in the epithelial and dermal differentiation. Cultivation of proamnionic epithelium with various heterologous mesenchymes or fragments of embryonic organs shows that this epithelium is only competent for epidermal differentiation when combined with dorsal dermis. When proamnion (proamnionic epithelium plus hypoblast) is directly combined with 6·5-day dorsal dermis it undergoes metaplastic changes. The same result is obtained when inverted (upside-down) proamnion is combined with the dermis. Hypoblast does not seem to affect the inductive interaction between the epithelium and the dorsal dermis.

Control of dorsoventral pattern in the chick paraxial mesoderm

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (19) ◽  
pp. 3895-3908 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dietrich ◽  
F.R. Schubert ◽  
A. Lumsden
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Surface Ectoderm ◽  
Dorsal Neural Tube ◽  
External Cues

The most profound feature of the mature vertebrate somite is its organisation into dorsal dermomyotome, intermediate myotome and ventral sclerotome. We analysed the role of potential signalling structures in this dorsoventral pattern by ablating them or transplanting them to ectopic locations in chick embryos. Our data suggest that the somite represents a naive tissue, entirely depending on external cues for its dorsoventral organisation. Dorsalisation by signals from dorsal neural tube and surface ectoderm stimulates the development of the dermomyotome. Likewise, signals from notochord and floor plate ventralise the somite, at high levels overriding any dorsal information and inducing the sclerotome. The dorsalising factors and lower levels of the ventralising factors act in concert to induce the myotome. Finally, the paraxial mesoderm intrinsically controls its competence to respond to the external inducers.

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