Rôle du nerf et du territoire cutané dans le développement des corpuscules de Herbst et de Grandry

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-300
Author(s):  
Par Raymond Saxod
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Ending ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Spinal Ganglia ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Cutaneous Tissue

Role of nerve and cutaneous tissue in the development of Herbst's and Grandry's corpuscles Frontal buds or pieces of the bill of duck and chick embryos have been explanted on the chorioallantoic membrane, transplanted as homo- or xeno-plastic grafts to the flank, the frontal bud and the limb bud of early host embryos, or associated as coelomic grafts with various isolated nerve sources. Results show that: 1. The onset of the histogenesis of Herbst's and Grandry's cutaneous sensory corpuscles is entirely dependent on the presence of a nerve ending, irrespective of the stage at which the graft is obtained. The nerve ending is also required for the maintenance of the structural integrity of the previously differentiated corpuscles and for their subsequent development. 2. Only somato-sensory nerve endings are able to ensure the development of the corpuscles; central connexions are not required. Sympathetic or somato-motor fibres are not able to sustain the development of the corpuscles. 3. The corpuscle type, as well as corpuscle distribution, is in conformity with the origin of the integument in which it develops and is determined by the specificity and regional quality of the innervated dermal mesenchyme. The determination of the cutaneous territory occurs at a very early stage (prior to the 3rd day of incubation in the frontal bud of the duck). 4. Heterotopic or xenoplastic innervation of the graft between duck and chick does not alter the cutaneous specificity of the differentiation. However, corpuscles did not differentiate when duck frontal buds were innervated by mouse spinal ganglia. These results are discussed in connexion with what is known about peripheric sense organs in vertebrates. A schematic model is proposed for the mechanism of the morphogenesis of the corpuscles.

Interactions morphogènes au cours de l'histogenèse du corpuscule de Herbst, étudiées à l'aide de transplantations hétérochrones

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-601
Author(s):  
Raymond Saxod
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Nerve Endings ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Duck Embryo ◽  
Sensory Nerve Endings ◽  
Cutaneous Tissue

Morphogenetic interactions during the histogenesis of Herbst's corpuscle, as studied by heterochronic transplantations Duck embryo frontal buds or bill fragments have been transplanted to the frontal bud or limb bud of early duck embryo hosts. Results show that: (1) Somato-sensory nerve endings are able to participate in corpuscle histogenesis as soon as they reach 14 days of incubation. (2) However, corpuscle histogenesis can take place only in dermis that is older than 20 days of incubation. (3) The time at which the corpuscles form in a graft of a given age is independent of the total duration of graft innervation. The results, which demonstrate the existence of morphogenetic interactions between the dermal mesenchyme and the nerve endings, are discussed in connexion with what is known about the origin of Herbst's corpuscle and the role of nerve and cutaneous tissue in its development. A schematic model is proposed for the morphogenetic sequence of Herbst's corpuscle.

The control of cell number in the lumbar spinal ganglia during the development of Xenopus laevis tadpoles

Development ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-471
Author(s):  
M. C. Prestige
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Spinal Ganglia ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Motor Neurones ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

It is the purpose of this paper to describe the development of the lumbar dorsal root ganglia after amputation of the leg. This operation can be performed at a very early stage before any connexions between the limb and the central nervous system are established. Alternatively, it can be performed at a number of later stages after the limb has been innervated. The extent of interaction can then be investigated for each stage by observing the subsequent development of the ganglia and comparing it with that of normal animals. Amputation of the limb-bud or the growing leg results in partial removal of the peripheral field for both sensory and motor neurones; the operation thus provides a means of investigating the mechanisms that control the processes of proliferation, maintenance, and degeneration of nerve cells. Detwiler and his colleagues (Detwiler, 1933) have shown that in Amblystoma loss of cells from the ganglia (hypoplasia) follows amputation, and that increase in number (hyperplasia) follows grafting of a supernumerary limb.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Loaded Flower-Shaped Nanomaterials: A Versatile Platform with Biosensing, Biocatalytic, and Environmental Promise

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1460
Author(s):  
Khadega A. Al-Maqdi ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Ahmed Alzamly ◽  
Hafiz M. N. Iqbal ◽  
Iltaf Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Surface Orientation ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Significant Attention

As a result of their unique structural and multifunctional characteristics, organic–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs), a newly developed class of flower-like, well-structured and well-oriented materials has gained significant attention. The structural attributes along with the surface-engineered functional entities of hNFs, e.g., their size, shape, surface orientation, structural integrity, stability under reactive environments, enzyme stabilizing capability, and organic–inorganic ratio, all significantly contribute to and determine their applications. Although hNFs are still in their infancy and in the early stage of robust development, the recent hike in biotechnology at large and nanotechnology in particular is making hNFs a versatile platform for constructing enzyme-loaded/immobilized structures for different applications. For instance, detection- and sensing-based applications, environmental- and sustainability-based applications, and biocatalytic and biotransformation applications are of supreme interest. Considering the above points, herein we reviewed current advances in multifunctional hNFs, with particular emphasis on (1) critical factors, (2) different metal/non-metal-based synthesizing processes (i.e., (i) copper-based hNFs, (ii) calcium-based hNFs, (iii) manganese-based hNFs, (iv) zinc-based hNFs, (v) cobalt-based hNFs, (vi) iron-based hNFs, (vii) multi-metal-based hNFs, and (viii) non-metal-based hNFs), and (3) their applications. Moreover, the interfacial mechanism involved in hNF development is also discussed considering the following three critical points: (1) the combination of metal ions and organic matter, (2) petal formation, and (3) the generation of hNFs. In summary, the literature given herein could be used to engineer hNFs for multipurpose applications in the biosensing, biocatalysis, and other environmental sectors.

scholarly journals An infantile alantoaxial dislocation with patent foramen ovale managed with titanium cabling and allogenic bone grafts

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seidu A. Richard ◽  
Zhi Gang  Lan ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Siqing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Patent Foramen Ovale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Compound Muscle Action Potentials ◽  
Patient Reported

Atlantoaxial dislocation is a disorder that is characterized with loss of stability of the atlas and axis (C1-C2) with consequential loss of usual articulation. Although this condition is very common, no one has reported a case as young as our patients. We present a 7-month infant with bilateral paralysis of the lower limbs for four (4) months with no history of trauma. Computer tomographic (CT-scan) imaging revealed alantoaxial dislocation with severe cervical spinal cord compression. The odontoid process is displaced outwardly with no bone destruction. Doppler echocardiogram done revealed patent foramen ovale. Thorough physical examination as well as radiological evaluation revealed no feather malformations. Electrophysio - logical studies reveal normal compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) and sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) in all the limbs. Electromyography (EMG) also revealed normal nerves in the limbs and the trunk. We attained a stable fusion and anatomical reduction using a posterior titanium wire and an iliac bone graft harvested from his mother. This is the youngest patient reported in literature. Infantile alantoaxial dislocation should be managed at early stage to prevent long-term neurologic disorders.

Very Early Neurophysiological Study in Guillain-Barre Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaoting Jin ◽  
Fangfang Hu ◽  
Xing Qin ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Min Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Motor Nerve Conduction ◽  
Abnormal Rate ◽  
Motor Nerves

Purpose: The diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in the very early stage may be challenging. Our aim was to report the neurophysiological abnormalities in GBS within 4 days of clinical onset. We expected that GBS will be diagnosed by the assistance of neurophysiological study in the very early stage. Methods: We prospectively recruited patients with a diagnosis of GBS discharged from First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University and Xi Jing Hospital. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the onset of symptoms to electromyography examination interval (OEI). The neurophysiological findings were carried out using standard procedures. All patients were examined by the same experienced neurophysiologist. Results: There were not significant group differences in abnormal rate, distal motor latency (DML), motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), F response (FR), compound muscle action potential (CMAP), conduction block (CB), sensory nerve action potential (SNAP), and sensory nerve conduction velocity among OEI ≤4 days, 4< OEI ≤10 days, and OEI > 10 days groups. Motor nerves were more affected than sensory nerves in neurophysiological presentation in very early stage patients. The difference of motor nerves and sensory nerves was statistically significant in lower limbs, but was not in upper limbs. In motor nerve conduction studies, the abnormal rate of DML, MNCV, FR, CB was more common seen in ulnar and peroneal nerve than median and tibial nerve, the abnormal rate of CMAP was the same in ulnar, median, peroneal and tibial nerve. In sensory nerve conduction studies, the abnormal rate of ulnar nerve and median nerve was higher than the superficial peroneal nerve and sural nerve. The OEI was not correlated with the SNAP decrease rate of median (r = 0.10, p = 0.23) and ulnar (r = 0.26, p = 0.06) but was statistically correlated with sural SNAP decrease rate (r = 0.29, p = 0.04). The sural-sparing pattern phenomenon was the most commonly discovered phenomenon in very early stage patients (OEI ≤4 days), followed by patients with 4< OEI ≤10 days, ultimately found in patients with OEI > 10 days. Conclusions: We suggest performing neurophysiological examination as soon as possible for suspected GBS patients, particularly focusing on multi-spots inspection of ulnar and peroneal nerves, and paying close attention to sural-sparing patterns.

Abstract P311: Cardiac Sympathetic Afferents Does Not Initiate but Contributes to the Further Development of Hypertension in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjun Wang ◽  
Irving H. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Shr Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Afferents ◽  
Further Development

Sympatho-excitation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, it is unclear what factors initiate and maintain sympatho-excitation in hypertension. Our past studies have confirmed a critical role of cardiac sensory nerve endings that mediate a sympatho-excitatory reflex called the “cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex” (CSAR) in the setting of heart failure. However, whether/when the CSAR is activated and contributes to the development of hypertension remains unclear. To address this issue, we chronically abolished the CSAR by epidural application of a selective afferent neurotoxin, resiniferatoxin (RTX) at the level of the T1-T4 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) by destroying TRPV1-expressing neuronal soma in 8-week and 16-w old spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Conscious blood pressure was monitored before (baseline) and during 2 months post RTX using radio telemetry. As shown in Figure 1A, in early-hypertensive (8-w old) SHR rats, there was no difference in mean arterial pressure (MAP) between vehicle and RTX groups until 3 weeks post intervention. At that time, MAP in vehicle-treated SHR rats continued to increase whereas this increase was largely abolished in the RTX-treated group. In the established (16-w old) SHR rats (Figure 1B), treatment with RTX immediately reduced MAP by ~15 mmHg, which was maintained for the 2-month recording period. These data strongly suggest that although CSAR does not initiate hypertension at the early stage in SHR, it contributes to the further development of hypertension in the mid/late stages. These data support a potential novel therapy possibly involving cardiac afferents.

scholarly journals Treatment Efficiency in Gaucher Patients Can Reliably Be Monitored by Quantification of Lyso-Gb1 Concentrations in Dried Blood Spots

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cozma ◽  
Paskal Cullufi ◽  
Guido Kramp ◽  
Marina Hovakimyan ◽  
Virtut Velmishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Clinical Consequences

Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder that responds well to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Certain laboratory parameters, including blood concentration of glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1), the lyso-derivate of the common glycolipid glucocerebroside, correlate with clinical improvement and are therefore considered candidate-monitoring biomarkers. Whether they can indicate a reduction or loss of treatment efficiency, however, has not been systematically addressed for obvious reasons. We established and validated measurement of Lyso-Gb1 from dried blood spots (DBSs) by mass spectrometry. We then characterized the assay’s longitudinal performance in 19 stably ERT-treated GD patients by dense monitoring over a 3-year period. The observed level of fluctuation was accounted for in the subsequent development of a unifying data normalization concept. The resulting approach was eventually applied to data from Lyso-Gb1 measurements after an involuntary treatment break for all 19 patients. It enabled separation of the “under treatment” versus “not under treatment” conditions with high sensitivity and specificity. We conclude that Lyso-Gb1 determination from DBSs indicates treatment issues already at an early stage before clinical consequences arise. In addition to its previously shown diagnostic utility, Lyso-Gb1 thereby qualifies as a monitoring biomarker in GD patients.

scholarly journals Nondestructive Evaluation of Thermal Barrier Coatings Interface Delamination Using Terahertz Technique Combined with SWT-PCA-GA-BP Algorithm

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Dongdong Ye ◽  
Weize Wang ◽  
Changdong Yin ◽  
Zhou Xu ◽  
Huanjie Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Thermal Barrier Coatings ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Barrier Coatings ◽  
Interface Delamination

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are usually subjected to the combined action of compressive stress, tensile stress, and bending shear stress, resulting in the interfacial delamination of TBCs, and finally causing the ceramic top coat to peel off. Hence, it is vital to detect the early-stage subcritical delamination cracks. In this study, a novel hybrid artificial neural network combined with the terahertz nondestructive technology was presented to predict the thickness of interface delamination in the early stage. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) algorithm was used to obtain the raw terahertz time-domain signals of 32 TBCs samples with various thicknesses of interface delamination, not only that, the influence of roughness and the thickness of the ceramic top layer were considered comprehensively when modeling. The stationary wavelet transform (SWT) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were employed to extract the signal features and reduce the data dimensions before modeling, to make the cumulative contribution rate reach 100%, the first 31 components of the SWT detail data was used as the input data during modeling. Finally, a back propagation (BP) neural network method optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA-BP) was proposed to set up the interface delamination thickness prediction model. As a result, the root correlation coefficient R2 reached over 0.95, the various errors—including the mean square error, mean squared percentage error, and mean absolute percentage error—were less than or equal to 0.53. All these indicators proved that the trained hybrid SWT-PCA-GA-BP model had excellent prediction performance and high accuracy. Finally, this work proposed a novel and convenient interface delamination evaluation method that could also be potentially utilized to evaluate the structural integrity of TBCs.

scholarly journals An Improved Methodology to Evaluate Cell and Molecular Signals in the Reparative Callus During Fracture Healing

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Anuradha Valiya Kambrath ◽  
Justin N. Williams ◽  
Uma Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antigen Retrieval ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labeling

Approximately 5% to 10% of all bone fractures do not heal completely, contributing to significant patient suffering and medical costs. Even in healthy individuals, fracture healing is associated with significant downtime and loss of productivity. However, no pharmacological treatments are currently available to promote efficient bone healing. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing novel therapies to hasten healing. The early reparative callus that forms around the site of bone injury is a fragile tissue consisting of shifting cell populations held together by loose connective tissue. The delicate callus is challenging to section and is vulnerable to disintegration during the harsh steps of immunostaining, namely, decalcification, deparaffinization, and antigen retrieval. Here, we describe an improved methodology for processing early-stage fracture calluses and immunofluorescence labeling of the sections to visualize the temporal (timing) and spatial (location) patterns of cellular and molecular events that regulate bone healing. This method has a short turnaround time from sample collection to microscopy as it does not require lengthy decalcification. It preserves the structural integrity of the fragile callus as the method does not entail deparaffinization or harsh methods of antigen retrieval. Our method can be adapted for high-throughput screening of drugs that promote efficacious bone healing:

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