RNA synthesis in the early embryogenesis of a fish (Misgurnus fossilis)

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
C. A. Kafiani ◽  
M. J. Timofeeva ◽  
A. A. Neyfakh ◽  
N. L. Melnikova ◽  
J. A. Rachkus
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Apparent Conflict ◽  
Misgurnus Fossilis

Synthesis of ribonucleic acids in early embryos has been extensively studied during recent years in a number of laboratories and has been shown to begin shortly after fertilization (Kafiani, Tatarskaya & Kanopkayte, 1958; Wilt, 1963; Brown & Littna, 1964; Decroly, Cape & Brachet, 1964; Glišin & Glišin, 1964; Kafiani & Timofeeva, 1964, 1965; Nemer & Infant, 1965). Early embryos of Xenopus (Brown & Gurdon, 1964; Brown & Littna, 1964, 1966) and of sea urchins (Wilt, 1963; Glišin & Glišin, 1964; Nemer & Infant, 1965) synthesize up to gastrula stage predominantly or exclusively polydisperse RNA of a nonribosomal nature usually referred to as DNA-like RNA (dRNA). The occurrence of continuous dRNA synthesis in early embryogenesis is in apparent conflict with the periodicity of the 'morphogenetic function' of cell nuclei found by one of us (Neyfakh, 1959, 1961, 1964, 1965) in embryos of a number of animal species.

Distribution of apoptosis-like cells in sea urchin early embryogenesis

Zygote ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. S76-S76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazime Mizoguchi ◽  
Dai Kudo ◽  
Yumi Shimizu ◽  
Keiko Hirota ◽  
Shinobu Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Tunel Method ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Pluteus Stage ◽  
Number Of Cells

It has been reported that the number of cells per embryo increases from the cleavage stage to the pluteus stage. Also, it has been reported that the number of cells per embryo from the early gastrula stage to the mid-gastrula stage increases very slightly (Mizoguchi, 1999). A detailed analysis of cell proliferation during this period would thus seem to be necessary.On the other hand, Roccheri et al. (1997) reported spontaneous apoptosis at the early pluteus stage, especially in the regions of arm and intestine. However, it is unknown whether apoptosis occurs before the pluteus stage.Using the Tumor, Neuro and/or Cardio TACS in situ apoptosis detection kit (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling: TUNEL method, Trevigen, USA), the Comet assay kit (Trevigen, USA) and DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylinodole dihydrochloride) staining, we investigated the distribution of apoptosis-like cells in sea urchins during early embryogenesis to clarify the relationship between cell death and morphogenesis.The embryos of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus were used in the present study. Three methods of detection of apoptosis signals in the embryos were performed: (1) defects in chromosomes and punctured nuclear envelopes of cells were detected by DAPI staining; (2) apoptosis-like cells were stained a brown colour by the TUNEL method; (3) some clear tails which detected the fragmentation of DNA were found by the Comet assay. These signals indicate apoptosis-like cells.

scholarly journals Introduction of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts into Early Embryos Causes Reprogramming and (Con)fusion

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Pierre Savatier
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts ◽  
Embryonic Fibroblasts ◽  
Early Embryos

The reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei to achieve pluripotency is one of the most important biological discoveries of the last few decades [...]

The role of neurohumours in early embryogenesis

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-569
Author(s):  
G. A. Buznikov ◽  
A. N. Kost ◽  
N. F. Kucherova ◽  
A. L. Mndzhoyan ◽  
N. N. Suvorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Dopamine Synthesis ◽  
Direct Involvement ◽  
Misgurnus Fossilis

In previous papers (Buznikov, Chudakova & Zvezdina, 1964; Buznikov, Chudakova, Berdysheva & Vyazmina, 1968) we reported that fertilized eggs of the sea-urchin Strongylocentrotus dröbachiensis synthesized a number of neurohumours, such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), acetylcholine (ACh), adrenalin (A), noradrenalin (NA) and dopamine. Synthesis of 5-HT was also demonstrated in the fertilized eggs of the loach Misgurnus fossilis and some marine Invertebrata. In experiments with sea-urchin embryos we were able to trace regular changes in the level of 5-HT, ACh, A and NA, related to the first cleavage divisions. This early onset of neurohumour synthesis, as well as regular changes in their level, suggests their direct involvement in the regulation of the first cleavage divisions. The functional activity of neurohumours (M) in adult organisms is realized through their reaction with the active sites of corresponding receptors (R) according to the following equation:The magnitude of the physiological effect under certain conditions is linearly proportional to the number of complexes MR formed (Turpayev, 1962; Ariëns, 1964).

Effect of Irradiation on the Biosynthesis of Liver Ribonucleic acids in Intact and Adrenalectomized Rats

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1282-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Popov ◽  
L. I. Valeva-Dimitrova ◽  
A. A. Hadjiolov
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Cytoplasmic Rna ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Agar Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Uridine Nucleotides ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Hydrocortisone Treatment

Intact and adrenalectomized rats were irradiated with 900 R or treated with 10 mg per 100 g body weight of hydrocortisone. The incorporation of orotic acid-6-14C for 2 hours into liver free uridine nucleotides, nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA and RNA fractions obtained by agar gel electrophoresis, were studied.The obtained results show that in intact animals both irradiation and hydrocortisone induce a higher labelling of cytoplasmic and nuclear liver RNA. The higher labelling of RNA is not correlated with a higher labelling of the free uridine nucleotides. The labelling of all electrophoretic RNA fractions is increased to approximately the same extent under the action of either hydrocortisone or irradiation.Irradiation or hydrocortisone treatment of adrenalectomized rats causes also a higher labelling of liver nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA. The higher labelling of RNA is not correlated with that of free uridine nucleotides and affects all electrophoretic RNA fractions.. The combined action of irradiation and hydrocortisone shows an additive effect on the labelling of nuclear and cytoplasmic liver RNA.The obtained results indicate that whole body irradiation causes an increased synthesis of both ribosomal and non-ribosomal RNA’s of rat liver. Since the same effect is observed in intact and adrenalectomized animals it may be concluded that the stimulation of liver RNA synthesis by irradiation is not mediated by the adrenals.

Transfer RNA synthesis in early embryogenesis

FEBS Letters ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-330
Author(s):  
M.Ya. Timofeeva ◽  
I.A. Solovjeva
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Early Embryogenesis

scholarly journals Poly(A)-containing RNA in early embryogenesis of sea urchins

FEBS Letters ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
I.V. Prokopenko ◽  
V.V. Sova
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Early Embryogenesis
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