scholarly journals The neuroblast timer gene nubbin exhibits functional redundancy with gap genes to regulate segment identity in Tribolium

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia RA Tidswell ◽  
Matthew A. Benton ◽  
Michael Akam
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Homeotic Transformation ◽  
Hox Gene ◽  
Gap Gene ◽  
Gap Genes ◽  
And Function

The neuroblast timer genes hunchback, Krüppel, nubbin, and castor are expressed in temporal sequence in neural stem cells, and in corresponding spatial sequence along the Drosophila blastoderm. As canonical gap genes, hunchback and Krüppel play a crucial role in insect segmentation, but the roles of nubbin and castor in this process remain ambiguous. We have investigated the expression and functions of nubbin and castor during segmentation in the beetle Tribolium. We show that Tc-hunchback, Tc-Krüppel, Tc-nubbin and Tc-castor are expressed sequentially in the segment addition zone, and that Tc-nubbin regulates segment identity redundantly with two previously described gap/gap-like genes, Tc-giant and Tc-knirps. Simultaneous knockdown of Tc-nubbin, Tc-giant and Tc-knirps results in the formation of ectopic legs on abdominal segments. This homeotic transformation is caused by loss of abdominal Hox gene expression, likely due to expanded Tc-Krüppel expression. Our findings support the theory that the neuroblast timer series was co-opted for use in insect segment patterning, and contribute to our growing understanding of the evolution and function of the gap gene network outside of Drosophila.

scholarly journals The neuroblast timer gene nubbin exhibits functional redundancy with gap genes to regulate segment identity in Tribolium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia R A Tidswell ◽  
Matthew A Benton ◽  
Michael E Akam
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Hox Gene ◽  
Gap Gene ◽  
Gap Genes ◽  
Sequential Mode ◽  
And Function

In Drosophila, segmentation genes of the gap class form a regulatory network that positions segment boundaries and assigns segment identities. This gene network shows striking parallels with another gene network known as the neuroblast timer series. The neuroblast timer genes hunchback, Krüppel, nubbin, and castor are expressed in temporal sequence in neural stem cells to regulate the fate of their progeny. These same four genes are expressed in corresponding spatial sequence along the Drosophila blastoderm. The first two, hunchback and Krüppel, are canonical gap genes, but nubbin and castor have limited or no roles in Drosophila segmentation. Whether nubbin and castor regulate segmentation in insects with the ancestral, sequential mode of segmentation remains largely unexplored. We have investigated the expression and functions of nubbin and castor during segment patterning in the sequentially-segmenting beetle Tribolium. Using multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridisation, we show that Tc-hunchback, Tc-Krüppel, Tc-nubbin and Tc-castor are expressed sequentially in the segment addition zone of Tribolium, in the same order as they are expressed in Drosophila neuroblasts. Furthermore, simultaneous disruption of multiple genes reveals that Tc-nubbin regulates segment identity, but does so redundantly with two previously described gap/gap-like genes, Tc-giant and Tc-knirps. Knockdown of two or more of these genes results in the formation of up to seven pairs of ectopic legs on abdominal segments. We show that this homeotic transformation is caused by loss of abdominal Hox gene expression, likely due to expanded Tc-Krüppel expression. Our findings support the theory that the neuroblast timer series was co-opted for use in insect segment patterning, and contribute to our growing understanding of the evolution and function of the gap gene network outside of Drosophila.

Adult neural stem cells: fate and function

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Murray ◽  
P.-M. Lledo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Neural Stem Cells ◽  
And Function

Gene Expression Profiling of Neural Stem Cells and Identification of Regulators of Neural Differentiation During Cortical Development

Stem Cells ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1817-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Ohtsuka ◽  
Hiromi Shimojo ◽  
Mitsuhiro Matsunaga ◽  
Naoki Watanabe ◽  
Kohei Kometani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Cortical Development

scholarly journals tarsal-less is expressed as a gap gene but has no gap gene phenotype in the moth midge Clogmia albipunctata

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 180458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Jiménez-Guri ◽  
Karl R. Wotton ◽  
Johannes Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Gap Gene ◽  
Gap Genes ◽  
Subtle Effect ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Vinegar Fly ◽  
Clogmia Albipunctata ◽  
Overlapping Domains

Gap genes are involved in segment determination during early development of the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster and other dipteran insects (flies, midges and mosquitoes). They are expressed in overlapping domains along the antero-posterior (A–P) axis of the blastoderm embryo. While gap domains cover the entire length of the A–P axis in Drosophila, there is a region in the blastoderm of the moth midge Clogmia albipunctata , which lacks canonical gap gene expression. Is a non-canonical gap gene functioning in this area? Here, we characterize tarsal-less ( tal ) in C. albipunctata . The homologue of tal in the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (called milles-pattes, mlpt ) is a bona fide gap gene. We find that Ca-tal is expressed in the region previously reported as lacking gap gene expression. Using RNA interference, we study the interaction of Ca-tal with gap genes. We show that Ca-tal is regulated by gap genes, but only has a very subtle effect on tailless (Ca-tll), while not affecting other gap genes at all. Moreover, cuticle phenotypes of Ca-tal depleted embryos do not show any gap phenotype. We conclude that Ca-tal is expressed and regulated like a gap gene, but does not function as a gap gene in C. albipunctata .

scholarly journals In VitroEffects of Lead on Gene Expression in Neural Stem Cells and Associations between Up-regulated Genes and Cognitive Scores in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Wagner ◽  
Hae-Ryung Park ◽  
Zhaoxi Wang ◽  
Rory Kirchner ◽  
Yongyue Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells

scholarly journals Single cell 3’UTR analysis identifies changes in alternative polyadenylation throughout neuronal differentiation and in autism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Göpferich ◽  
Nikhil Oommen George ◽  
Ana Domingo Muelas ◽  
Alex Bizyn ◽  
Rosa Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Risk Genes

SUMMARYAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease affecting social behavior. Many of the high-confident ASD risk genes relate to mRNA translation. Specifically, many of these genes are involved in regulation of gene expression for subcellular compartmentalization of proteins1. Cis-regulatory motifs that often localize to 3’- and 5’-untranslated regions (UTRs) offer an additional path for posttranscriptional control of gene expression. Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) affect 3’UTR length thereby influencing the presence or absence of regulatory elements. However, APA has not yet been addressed in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we used single cell 3’end sequencing to examine changes in 3’UTRs along the differentiation from neural stem cells (NSCs) to neuroblasts within the adult brain. We identified many APA events in genes involved in neurodevelopment, many of them being high confidence ASD risk genes. Further, analysis of 3’UTR lengths in single cells from ASD and healthy individuals detected longer 3’UTRs in ASD patients. Motif analysis of modulated 3’UTRs in the mouse adult neurogenic lineage and ASD-patients revealed enrichment of the cytoplasmic and polyadenylation element (CPE). This motif is bound by CPE binding protein 4 (CPEB4). In human and mouse data sets we observed co-regulation of CPEB4 and the CPEB-binding synaptic adhesion molecule amyloid beta precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1). We show that mice deficient in APLP1 show aberrant regulation of APA, decreased number of neural stem cells, and autistic-like traits. Our findings indicate that APA is used for control of gene expression along neuronal differentiation and is altered in ASD patients.

Expression and function of galectin-1 in adult neural stem cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1254-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sakaguchi ◽  
Y. Imaizumi ◽  
H. Okano
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Neural Stem Cells ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Effect of Bmi1 over-expression on gene expression in adult and embryonic murine neural stem cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mythily Ganapathi ◽  
Nathan C. Boles ◽  
Carol Charniga ◽  
Steven Lotz ◽  
Melissa Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Over Expression

Abstract TP142: Post-Ischemic Cortical Excitability and Gene Expression are Modulated by Transplanted Human Neural Stem Cells

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo L Azevedo-Pereira ◽  
Tanya Weerakkody ◽  
Jennifer Vu ◽  
Fang Du ◽  
Xibin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells
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