scholarly journals Tissue clearing and 3D imaging in developmental biology

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Vieites-Prado ◽  
Nicolas Renier
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Sample Processing ◽  
Tissue Clearing ◽  
Deep Imaging ◽  
Good Grasp

ABSTRACT Tissue clearing increases the transparency of late developmental stages and enables deep imaging in fixed organisms. Successful implementation of these methodologies requires a good grasp of sample processing, imaging and the possibilities offered by image analysis. In this Primer, we highlight how tissue clearing can revolutionize the histological analysis of developmental processes and we advise on how to implement effective clearing protocols, imaging strategies and analysis methods for developmental biology.

scholarly journals New Look at RSV Infection: Tissue Clearing and 3D Imaging of the Entire Mouse Lung at Cellular Resolution

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Maxence Frétaud ◽  
Delphyne Descamps ◽  
Daphné Laubreton ◽  
Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti ◽  
Jean-François Eléouët ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Tissue Clearing ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Deep Imaging ◽  
Entire Lung ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the major cause of severe acute respiratory tract illness in young children worldwide and a main pathogen for the elderly and immune-compromised people. In the absence of vaccines or effective treatments, a better characterization of the pathogenesis of RSV infection is required. To date, the pathophysiology of the disease and its diagnosis has mostly relied on chest X-ray and genome detection in nasopharyngeal swabs. The development of new imaging approaches is instrumental to further the description of RSV spread, virus–host interactions and related acute respiratory disease, at the level of the entire lung. Methods: By combining tissue clearing, 3D microscopy and image processing, we developed a novel visualization tool of RSV infection in undissected mouse lungs. Results: Whole tissue analysis allowed the identification of infected cell subtypes, based on both morphological traits and position within the cellular network. Furthermore, 3D imaging was also valuable to detect the cytoplasmic viral factories, also called inclusion bodies, a hallmark of RSV infection. Conclusions: Whole lung clearing and 3D deep imaging represents an unprecedented visualization method of infected lungs to allow insight into RSV pathophysiology and improve the 2D histology analyses.

scholarly journals New look at RSV infection : tissue clearing and 3D imaging of the entire mouse lung at cellular resolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxence Frétaud ◽  
Delphyne Descamps ◽  
Daphné Laubreton ◽  
Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti ◽  
Jean-François Eléouët ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Tissue Clearing ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Deep Imaging ◽  
Entire Lung ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Syncytial Virus

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the major cause of severe acute respiratory tract illness in young children worldwide and a main pathogen for the elderly and immune-compromised people. In the absence of vaccines or effective treatments, a better characterization of the pathogenesis of RSV infection is required. To date, the pathophysiology of the disease and its diagnosis mostly relied on chest x-ray and genome detection in nasopharyngeal swabs. The development of new imaging approaches is instrumental to further the description of RSV spread, virus-host interactions and related acute respiratory disease, at the level of the entire lung.MethodsBy combining tissue clearing, 3D microscopy and image processing, we developed a novel visualization tool of RSV infection in undissected mouse lungs.ResultsWhole tissue analysis allowed the identification of infected cell subtypes, based on both morphological traits and position within the cellular network. Furthermore, 3D imaging was also valuable to detect the cytoplasmic viral factories, also called inclusion bodies, a hallmark of RSV infection.ConclusionsWhole lung clearing and 3D deep-imaging represents an unprecedented visualization method of infected lungs to allow insight into RSV pathophysiology and improve the 2D histology analyses.

scholarly journals Epigenetic transgenerational inheritance, Gametogenesis and Germline Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millissia Ben Maamar ◽  
Eric E Nilsson ◽  
Michael K Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transgenerational Inheritance ◽  
Germline Development ◽  
Current Review

Abstract One of the most important developing cell types in any biological system is the gamete (sperm and egg). The transmission of phenotypes and optimally adapted physiology to subsequent generations is in large part controlled by gametogenesis. In contrast to genetics, the environment actively regulates epigenetics to impact the physiology and phenotype of cellular and biological systems. The integration of epigenetics and genetics is critical for all developmental biology systems at the cellular and organism level. The current review is focused on the role of epigenetics during gametogenesis for both the spermatogenesis system in the male and oogenesis system in the female. The developmental stages from the initial primordial germ cell through gametogenesis to the mature sperm and egg are presented. How environmental factors can influence the epigenetics of gametogenesis to impact the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of phenotypic and physiological change in subsequent generations is reviewed.

Quantitative Analysis of Microstructure and Modeling of Sintering

2009 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Marc Chaix
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Input Data ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Sintering Mechanisms

Microstructure is the key scale to understand and describe sintering mechanisms and their consequences at the macroscopic level. As modeling techniques are continuously developing, the need for input data and comparison with more and more accurate descriptions of the evolution is expected to create a growing demand for quantitative microstructure data. Image analysis is the classic way to get these data. This paper reviews the practical use and progresses of this old technique in the sintering literature during the past and recent years. The place of basic tools and more recent ones, such as 3D imaging, are discussed from a practical point of view accounting from sintering models needs: mean size and size distributions in pores and grains, homogeneity, sintering trajectories…

scholarly journals Stigmatic surface in the Vochysiaceae: reproductive and taxonomic implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Carmo-Oliveira ◽  
Berta Lange de Morretes
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Stigmatic Surface ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The Vochysiaceae are Neotropical trees and shrubs, common in the savanna areas in Central Brazil (Cerrados). The family has been traditionally divided into two tribes: Erismeae, with three genera, and Vochysieae, with five genera. We investigated the stigmatic surface of six Vochysiaceae species, belonging to four genera of Vochysieae: Vochysia, Salvertia, Callisthene and Qualea. Flowers and buds at different developmental stages were collected. Morphological features were observed on fresh material and stigmatic receptivity was inferred based on esterasic activity. Pistils were fixed and embedded in paraplast and sectioned on a rotary microtome; the sections were stained before histological analysis. Stigmas of open flowers were also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Stigmas of all species were wet and showed esterasic activity at pre-anthesis and anthesis stages. Stigmatic surface was continuous with transmitting tissue of glandular nature. Vochysia and Salvertia stigmatic surfaces were formed by multicelular uniseriate hairs, and species of the remaining genera showed papillate surface. The exudate over mature stigmas in all species flowed without rupture of stigmatic surface and pollen tubes grew down between hairs or papillae. Differences on the stigmatic surface agreed with a phylogenetic reconstruction that separated two clades and indicated that Vochysieae is not monophyletic. Stigmatic features could not be associated with pollination and breeding systems.

Morphological and molecular modifications induced by heat shock in Drosophila melanogaster embryos

Development ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Giorgio Graziosi ◽  
Franco de Cristini ◽  
Angelo di Marcotullio ◽  
Roberto Marzari ◽  
Fulvio Micali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Survival Pattern ◽  
Shock Proteins

The early embryo of Drosophila melanogaster did not survive treatment at 37 °C (heat shock) for 25 min. The histological analysis of eggs treated in this way showed that the heat shock caused disintegration of nuclei and of cytoplasmic islands, displacement and swelling of nuclei and blocked mitoses. These effects were not observed in embryos treatedafter blastoderm formation. After this stage, we noticed that development was slowed down. The heat shock proteins (hsp 83,70 and 68) were, under shock, synthesized at all developmental stages. There was little or no synthesis of hsp 70 and 68 in unfertilized eggs, but synthesis increased in proportion to the number of nuclei present. Most probably, hsp 70 synthesis was directed by zygotic mRNA. DNA synthesis was not blocked by the heat shock though the overall incorporation of [3H]thymidine was substantially reduced, presumably because of the block of mitoses. We did not find a direct relation between survival pattern and hsp synthesis. We concluded that some, at least, of the heat shock genes can be activated at all developmental stages and that heat shock could be used for synchronizing mitoses.

scholarly journals Deciphering tissue morphodynamics using bioimage informatics

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1720) ◽  
pp. 20150512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre C. Dufour ◽  
Anneliene H. Jonker ◽  
Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Bioimage Informatics ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Introductory Overview ◽  
To Come ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

In recent years developmental biology has greatly benefited from the latest advances in fluorescence microscopy techniques. Consequently, quantitative and automated analysis of this data is becoming a vital first step in the quest for novel insights into the various aspects of development. Here we present an introductory overview of the various image analysis methods proposed for developmental biology images, with particular attention to openly available software packages. These tools, as well as others to come, are rapidly paving the way towards standardized and reproducible bioimaging studies at the whole-tissue level. Reflecting on these achievements, we discuss the remaining challenges and the future endeavours lying ahead in the post–image analysis era. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Systems morphodynamics: understanding the development of tissue hardware’.

Evaluating desiccation sensitivity of Quercus rubra acorns using X-ray image analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2823-2831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa C Goodman ◽  
Douglass F Jacobs ◽  
Robert P Karrfalt
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Leaf Flush

Desiccation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) acorns can impact seed viability. We examined use of X-ray image analysis of cotyledon damage in dried acorns to predict germination capacity and seedling vigor. Acorns collected from five half-sib sources were X-rayed before and after drying to one of four moisture content (MC) levels (30%, 25%, 20%, or 15%) or maintained as nondesiccated controls (35%–38% MC). X-ray images were scored qualitatively according to degree of cotyledon–cotyledon and cotyledon-pericarp separation. Following sowing, acorns were evaluated for number of days to reach each of three developmental stages (emergence of radicle, epicotyl, and first leaf flush) and growth for 80 d. Both MC and family significantly affected all variables. The percentage of acorns to reach each developmental stage, as well as final height and root-collar diameter declined with decreasing MC and dropped most notably between 20% and 15% MC. X-ray separation scores more effectively predicted the percentage of acorns to reach each of the first three developmental stages than MC level (R2 = 0.49–0.63 vs. 0.40–0.59). Our results confirm the recalcitrant nature of northern red oak acorns and demonstrate the potential of X-ray image analysis to provide a rapid and nondestructive means to successful predict acorn viability.

scholarly journals Quantification of multi-oocyte follicles in ovaries of bitches

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1269-1277
Author(s):  
A.P. Zoppei ◽  
A. Pinto Neto ◽  
J. Cattelam ◽  
A.C. Martinez ◽  
C.K.G. Trenkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Distribution ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ovarian Cortex ◽  
Cumulus Oophorus ◽  
Size Number

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to quantify the number and frequency of monocyte (MnOF) and multi-oocyte (MtOF) follicles in ovaries of bitches subjected to ovary salpingohysterectomy (OSH). Right and left ovaries of 38 bitches were collected after OSH, prepared, and a histological analysis was carried out. The ovaries were subjected to surface and deep histological cuts; the follicles were classified, and the number of follicles and cumulus oophorus complexes (COC) per follicle were quantified for each histological cut. MnOF and MtOF were found in all ovaries, at different developmental stages; primary follicles were grouped in the ovarian cortex, and follicles at other follicular stages presented a random distribution. MtOF containing two, three, four, or more COC were found in the ovaries of bitches, with a decreasing frequency trend, according to the number of COC in the MtOF. The effect of the age, number of estrus, estrus interval, and number of progenies per delivery was not significant for the number and frequency of MtOF in the ovaries of the bitches, whereas the size, number of pregnancies, use and number of contraceptive applications had some effect on the number and frequency of MtOF in the ovaries of the bitches.

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