scholarly journals Cell death in animal development

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (14) ◽  
pp. dev191882
Author(s):  
Piya Ghose ◽  
Shai Shaham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Evolutionary Selection ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cell Death Mechanisms ◽  
Ultimate Fate ◽  
Developmental Cell Death

ABSTRACTCell death is an important facet of animal development. In some developing tissues, death is the ultimate fate of over 80% of generated cells. Although recent studies have delineated a bewildering number of cell death mechanisms, most have only been observed in pathological contexts, and only a small number drive normal development. This Primer outlines the important roles, different types and molecular players regulating developmental cell death, and discusses recent findings with which the field currently grapples. We also clarify terminology, to distinguish between developmental cell death mechanisms, for which there is evidence for evolutionary selection, and cell death that follows genetic, chemical or physical injury. Finally, we suggest how advances in understanding developmental cell death may provide insights into the molecular basis of developmental abnormalities and pathological cell death in disease.

scholarly journals Cell Death: Mechanisms and Pathways in Cancer Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Diego Fernández-Lázaro ◽  
◽  
César Ignacio Fernández-Lázaro ◽  
Martínez Alfredo Córdova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Frequent Form ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cell Death Mechanisms

Programmed cell death is an essential physiological and biological process for the proper development and functioning of the organism. Apoptosis is the term that describes the most frequent form of programmed cell death and derives from the morphological characteristics of this type of death caused by cellular suicide. Apoptosis is highly regulated to maintain homeostasis in the body, since its imbalances by increasing and decreasing lead to different types of diseases. In this review, we aim to describe the mechanisms of cell death and the pathways through apoptosis is initiated, transmitted, regulated, and executed.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Regulates Different Types of Cell Death by Acting as a Rheostat

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Gloria E. Villalpando-Rodriguez ◽  
Spencer B. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cellular Signaling ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Cell Death Mechanisms

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cellular signaling and response to stress. The level of ROS and the type of ROS determine the ability of cells to undergo cell death. Furthermore, dysregulation of the antioxidant pathways is associated with many diseases. It has become apparent that cell death can occur through different mechanisms leading to the classifications of different types of cell death such as apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. ROS play essential roles in all forms of cell death, but it is only now coming into focus that ROS control and determine the type of cell death that occurs in any given cell. Indeed, ROS may act as a rheostat allowing different cell death mechanisms to be engaged and crosstalk with different cell death types. In this review, we will describe the ROS regulatory pathways and how they control different types of cell death under normal and disease states. We will also propose how ROS could provide a mechanism of crosstalk between cell death mechanisms and act as a rheostat determining the type of cell death.

scholarly journals Environmental Thermal Stress Induces Neuronal Cell Death and Developmental Malformations in Reptiles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Sanger ◽  
Laura Harding ◽  
Judith Kyrkos ◽  
Alexandra J Turnquist ◽  
Lilian Arnaudoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Craniofacial Malformations ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Abstract Every stage of organismal life history is being challenged by global warming. Many species are already experiencing temperatures approaching their physiological limits; this is particularly true for ectothermic species, such as lizards. Embryos are markedly sensitive to thermal insult. Here, we demonstrate that temperatures currently experienced in natural nesting areas can modify gene expression levels and induce neural and craniofacial malformations in embryos of the lizard Anolis sagrei. Developmental abnormalities ranged from minor changes in facial structure to significant disruption of anterior face and forebrain. The first several days of post-oviposition development are particularly sensitive to this thermal insult. These results raise new concern over the viability of ectothermic species under contemporary climate change. Herein, we propose and test a novel developmental hypothesis that describes the cellular and developmental origins of those malformations: cell death in the developing forebrain and disruption of normal facial induction due to disrupted Hedgehog signaling. Based on similarities in the embryonic response to thermal stress among distantly related species, we propose that this developmental hypothesis represents a common embryonic response to thermal insult among amniote embryos. Our results emphasize the importance of adopting a broad, multi-disciplinary approach that includes both lab and field perspectives when trying to understand the future impacts of anthropogenic change on animal development.

scholarly journals Large-scale death of retinal astrocytes during normal development mediated by microglia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa M. Puñal ◽  
Caitlin E. Paisley ◽  
Federica S. Brecha ◽  
Monica A. Lee ◽  
Robin M. Perelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Retinal Hemorrhage ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Retinal Astrocytes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Major Cell Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Developmental Cell Death

Naturally-occurring cell death is a fundamental developmental mechanism for regulating cell numbers and sculpting developing organs. This is particularly true in the central nervous system, where large numbers of neurons and oligodendrocytes are eliminated via apoptosis during normal development. Given the profound impact of death upon these two major cell populations, it is surprising that developmental death of another major cell type – the astrocyte – has rarely been studied. It is presently unclear whether astrocytes are subject to significant amounts of developmental death, or how it occurs. Here we address these questions using mouse retinal astrocytes as our model system. We show that the total number of retinal astrocytes declines by over 3-fold during a death period spanning postnatal days 5-14. Surprisingly, these astrocytes do not die by apoptosis, the canonical mechanism underlying the vast majority of developmental cell death. Instead, we find that microglia kill and engulf astrocytes to mediate their developmental removal. Genetic ablation of microglia inhibits astrocyte death, leading to a larger astrocyte population size at the end of the death period. However, astrocyte death is not completely blocked in the absence of microglia, apparently due to the ability of astrocytes to engulf each other. Nevertheless, mice lacking microglia showed significant anatomical changes to the retinal astrocyte network, with functional consequences for the astrocyte-associated vasculature leading to retinal hemorrhage. These results establish a novel modality for naturally-occurring cell death, and demonstrate its importance for formation and integrity of the retinal gliovascular network.

scholarly journals Phagocytosis genes nonautonomously promote developmental cell death in the Drosophila ovary

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. E1246-E1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison K. Timmons ◽  
Albert A. Mondragon ◽  
Claire E. Schenkel ◽  
Alla Yalonetskaya ◽  
Jeffrey D. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Nurse Cells ◽  
Cell Death Program ◽  
Cell Death Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Cell Death ◽  
Drosophila Ovary

Programmed cell death (PCD) is usually considered a cell-autonomous suicide program, synonymous with apoptosis. Recent research has revealed that PCD is complex, with at least a dozen cell death modalities. Here, we demonstrate that the large-scale nonapoptotic developmental PCD in the Drosophila ovary occurs by an alternative cell death program where the surrounding follicle cells nonautonomously promote death of the germ line. The phagocytic machinery of the follicle cells, including Draper, cell death abnormality (Ced)-12, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), is essential for the death and removal of germ-line–derived nurse cells during late oogenesis. Cell death events including acidification, nuclear envelope permeabilization, and DNA fragmentation of the nurse cells are impaired when phagocytosis is inhibited. Moreover, elimination of a small subset of follicle cells prevents nurse cell death and cytoplasmic dumping. Developmental PCD in the Drosophila ovary is an intriguing example of nonapoptotic, nonautonomous PCD, providing insight on the diversity of cell death mechanisms.

Different cell death mechanisms are triggered by acute or chronic right heart failure-induced liver failure

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Herzer ◽  
G Kneiseler ◽  
F Post ◽  
M Schlattjan ◽  
T Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Right Heart Failure ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Cell Death Mechanisms

EFFECT OF COLCHICINE AND ATORVASTATIN ON CELL DEATH MECHANISMS DURING INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN ATHEROSCHLEROSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnur Demircan ◽  
Sule Beyhan Ozdas ◽  
Demet Akin ◽  
Ozgur Kaplan ◽  
Sabri Demircan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Cell Death Mechanisms
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