Limb development in the polydactylous talpid3 mutant of the fowl

Development ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-404
Author(s):  
J. R. Hinchliffe ◽  
D. A. Ede
Keyword(s):  
Limb Development ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Feather Follicle ◽  
Recessive Genes

The three groups of abnormal chick embryos known as talpids show a common pattern of remarkably widespread pleiotropic abnormalities, thought to represent the homozygous expression of one or other of three autosomal recessive genes, symbolized respectively as ta1, ta2, ta3. Ede & Kelly (1964 a, b) described in detail the abnormalities of the talpid3 embryos (ta3/ta3), which are essentially similar to those in Cole's talpid (ta1/ta1) (Inman, 1946), while homozygotes for talpid2 (Abbott, Taylor & Abplanalp, 1960) survive longer and, unlike the others, have relatively normal heads. All three possess at 11 days the following trunk abnormalities: (1) a shortening of the vertebral column accompanied by much fusion of adjacent vertebrae; (2) failure of cartilage replacement by bone; (3) substantial subcutaneous oedema and failure of the body wall to close ventrally round the viscera; (4) abnormal feather follicle formation; and (5) polydactyly in the shortened limbs. In the head of ta1/ta1 and ta3/ta3 embryos both the eyes and the maxillary processes are drawn together in the midline.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL MENINGOCOCCUS INFECTION OF THE CHICK EMBRYO

1939 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. John Buddingh ◽  
Alice D. Polk
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Stage Of Development

1. A strain of meningococci obtained directly from the spinal fluid of a patient has been propagated in serial passage in 10 to 12 day old chick embryos without change in its essential characteristics. 2. The chick embryo is susceptible to infection with the meningococcus, and, depending on its stage of development, reacts to the infection with more or less specific lesions. 3. In chick embryos of 15 days incubation, following the utilization of definite portals of entry, such as the nasopharynx, or by inoculation of the amniotic fluid or by inoculation of the body wall, the meningococcus is localized in specific areas, namely in the cranial sinuses, the lungs or meninges, or in all of these areas. 4. The lesions of the meningococcus infection in man, a septicemia, sinusitis, pneumonia and meningitis can be reproduced in the chick embryo by choosing embryos at the proper state of development and utilizing the various portals of entry experimentally available.

Prolonged paralysis of the chick embryo, with special reference to effects on the vertebral column

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Anterior Aspect ◽  
Skeletal Musculature ◽  
Anticlockwise Direction

Chick embryos were paralysed with decamethonium, the first dose usually being administtered at 5 days of incubation. Some of the specimens were kept paralysed for as long as 1 week. A number of the treated embryos exhibited deformations in the shape of the body or abnormal postures of the limbs. These features were probably caused by pressures arising from contact between the embryo and the actively contracting amniotic membrane. In transverse sections through the thorax of some of the embryos, the vertebral column was seen to have been rotated about its axis. The rotation, as viewed from the anterior aspect, was always in an anticlockwise direction, and the mid-sagittal plane of the vertebral column was at an angle of about 30-40 degrees to the median plane of the body. In longitudinal sections, the vertebral column was sometimes found to be buckled into an S-shaped curvature, presumably as a consequence of anteroposterior compression of the body, which could not be compensated for because of the muscular paralysis. There was extensive cartilaginous union between the vertebrae, and the articulation of the first cervical vertebra with the skull was also fused. The results obtained by paralysis indicate that functional activity of the embryonic skeletal musculature plays important roles in ensuring normal development; firstly, by enabling the embryo to resist external mechanical pressures which would otherwise result in a distortion of its shape, and secondly, by being a causal factor in the formation of movable articulations within the vertebral column

Lymphangiomatosis of the Body Wall: A Report of Two Cases Associated with Chylothorax and Fatal Outcome

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Moerman ◽  
Chris Van Geet ◽  
Hugo Devlieger
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals A screen for genetic loci required for body-wall muscle development during embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-498
Author(s):  
J Ahnn ◽  
A Fire
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Wall Muscle ◽  
Genetic Loci

Abstract We have used available chromosomal deficiencies to screen for genetic loci whose zygotic expression is required for formation of body-wall muscle cells during embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. To test for muscle cell differentiation we have assayed for both contractile function and the expression of muscle-specific structural proteins. Monoclonal antibodies directed against two myosin heavy chain isoforms, the products of the unc-54 and myo-3 genes, were used to detect body-wall muscle differentiation. We have screened 77 deficiencies, covering approximately 72% of the genome. Deficiency homozygotes in most cases stain with antibodies to the body-wall muscle myosins and in many cases muscle contractile function is observed. We have identified two regions showing distinct defects in myosin heavy chain gene expression. Embryos homozygous for deficiencies removing the left tip of chromosome V fail to accumulate the myo-3 and unc-54 products, but express antigens characteristic of hypodermal, pharyngeal and neural development. Embryos lacking a large region on chromosome III accumulate the unc-54 product but not the myo-3 product. We conclude that there exist only a small number of loci whose zygotic expression is uniquely required for adoption of a muscle cell fate.

scholarly journals Cloning and sequencing of cDNA of Sarcophaga peregrina humoral lectin induced on injury of the body wall.

1985 ◽  
Vol 260 (22) ◽  
pp. 12228-12233 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Takahashi ◽  
H Komano ◽  
N Kawaguchi ◽  
N Kitamura ◽  
S Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing

scholarly journals Mutations Affecting Nerve Attachment of Caenorhabditis elegans

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 1611-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Go Shioi ◽  
Michinari Shoji ◽  
Masashi Nakamura ◽  
Takeshi Ishihara ◽  
Isao Katsura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Muscle Attachment ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Ventral Cord ◽  
Excretory Canal

Abstract Using a pan-neuronal GFP marker, a morphological screen was performed to detect Caenorhabditis elegans larval lethal mutants with severely disorganized major nerve cords. We recovered and characterized 21 mutants that displayed displacement or detachment of the ventral nerve cord from the body wall (Ven: ventral cord abnormal). Six mutations defined three novel genetic loci: ven-1, ven-2, and ven-3. Fifteen mutations proved to be alleles of previously identified muscle attachment/positioning genes, mup-4, mua-1, mua-5, and mua-6. All the mutants also displayed muscle attachment/positioning defects characteristic of mua/mup mutants. The pan-neuronal GFP marker also revealed that mutants of other mua/mup loci, such as mup-1, mup-2, and mua-2, exhibited the Ven defect. The hypodermis, the excretory canal, and the gonad were morphologically abnormal in some of the mutants. The pleiotropic nature of the defects indicates that ven and mua/mup genes are required generally for the maintenance of attachment of tissues to the body wall in C. elegans.

The cuticle of adultNippostrongylus brasiliensis

Parasitology ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Normal Appearance

The cuticle of adults ofNippostrongylus brasiliensishas been described using histological, histochemical and ultrastructural techniques.The cuticle has the following layers: an outer triple-layered membrane; a single cortical layer; a fluid-filled layer which is traversed by numerous collagen fibrils; struts which support the fourteen longitudinal ridges of the cuticle and which are suspended by collagen fibrils in the fluid-filled layer; two fibre layers, each layer apparently containing three layers of fibres; and a basement lamella.The fluid-filled layer contains haemoglobin and esterase.The muscles of the body wall are attached to either the basement lamella or to the fibre layers of the cuticle.The mitochondria of the hypodermis are of normal appearance.The longitudinal ridges of the cuticle appear to abrade the microvilli of the intestinal cells of the host.Possible functions of the cuticle are discussed.I wish to thank Dr P. Tate, in whose department this work was done, for helpful suggestions and criticism at all stages of this work, and Mr A. Page for technical assistance. I also wish to thank Professor Boyd for permission to use the electron microscope in the Department of Anatomy.

Lymphangiomatosis of the Body Wall: A Report of Two Cases Associated with Chylothorax and Fatal Outcome

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Moerman ◽  
Chris Van Geet ◽  
Hugo Devlieger
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
The Body
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