scholarly journals GSK-3 promotes S-phase entry and progression inC. elegansgermline stem cells to maintain tissue output

Development ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (10) ◽  
pp. dev161042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokiko Furuta ◽  
Hyoe-Jin Joo ◽  
Kenneth A. Trimmer ◽  
Shin-Yu Chen ◽  
Swathi Arur
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Phase Entry

scholarly journals A role for NANOG in G1 to S transition in human embryonic stem cells through direct binding of CDK6 and CDC25A

2009 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Irina Neganova ◽  
Stefan Przyborski ◽  
Chunbo Yang ◽  
Michael Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Phase Regulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phase Entry

In this study, we show that NANOG, a master transcription factor, regulates S-phase entry in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) via transcriptional regulation of cell cycle regulatory components. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with reporter-based transfection assays show that the C-terminal region of NANOG binds to the regulatory regions of CDK6 and CDC25A genes under normal physiological conditions. Decreased CDK6 and CDC25A expression in hESCs suggest that both CDK6 and CDC25A are involved in S-phase regulation. The effects of NANOG overexpression on S-phase regulation are mitigated by the down-regulation of CDK6 or CDC25A alone. Overexpression of CDK6 or CDC25A alone can rescue the impact of NANOG down-regulation on S-phase entry, suggesting that CDK6 and CDC25A are downstream cell cycle effectors of NANOG during the G1 to S transition.

scholarly journals Combined Inactivation of Pocket Proteins and APC/CCdh1 by Cdk4/6 Controls Recovery from DNA Damage in G1 Phase

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Indra A. Shaltiel ◽  
Alba Llopis ◽  
Melinda Aprelia ◽  
Rob Klompmaker ◽  
Apostolos Menegakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
S Phase ◽  
G1 Phase ◽  
Anaphase Promoting Complex ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Pocket Proteins ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
Phase Entry

Most Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are redundant for normal cell division. Here we tested whether these redundancies are maintained during cell cycle recovery after a DNA damage-induced arrest in G1. Using non-transformed RPE-1 cells, we find that while Cdk4 and Cdk6 act redundantly during normal S-phase entry, they both become essential for S-phase entry after DNA damage in G1. We show that this is due to a greater overall dependency for Cdk4/6 activity, rather than to independent functions of either kinase. In addition, we show that inactivation of pocket proteins is sufficient to overcome the inhibitory effects of complete Cdk4/6 inhibition in otherwise unperturbed cells, but that this cannot revert the effects of Cdk4/6 inhibition in DNA damaged cultures. Indeed, we could confirm that, in addition to inactivation of pocket proteins, Cdh1-dependent anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/CCdh1) activity needs to be inhibited to promote S-phase entry in damaged cultures. Collectively, our data indicate that DNA damage in G1 creates a unique situation where high levels of Cdk4/6 activity are required to inactivate pocket proteins and APC/CCdh1 to promote the transition from G1 to S phase.

scholarly journals Measurement of S-phase duration of adult stem cells in the flatwormMacrostomum lignanoby double replication labelling and quantitative colocalization analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1251-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freija Verdoodt ◽  
Maxime Willems ◽  
Ineke Dhondt ◽  
Wouter Houthoofd ◽  
Wim Bert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Phase Duration

scholarly journals NKX3.1 contributes to S phase entry and regulates DNA damage response (DDR) in prostate cancer cell lines

2011 ◽  
Vol 414 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Erbaykent-Tepedelen ◽  
Besra Özmen ◽  
Lokman Varisli ◽  
Ceren Gonen-Korkmaz ◽  
Bilge Debelec-Butuner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cell ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Phase Entry

scholarly journals Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases p110α and p110β Regulate Cell Cycle Entry, Exhibiting Distinct Activation Kinetics in G1 Phase

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 2803-2814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Marqués ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Isabel Cortés ◽  
Ana Gonzalez-García ◽  
Carmen Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Selective Action ◽  
Cell Cycle Entry ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase ◽  
Phase Entry

ABSTRACT Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is an early signaling molecule that regulates cell growth and cell cycle entry. PI3K is activated immediately after growth factor receptor stimulation (at the G0/G1 transition) and again in late G1. The two ubiquitous PI3K isoforms (p110α and p110β) are essential during embryonic development and are thought to control cell division. Nonetheless, it is presently unknown at which point each is activated during the cell cycle and whether or not they both control S-phase entry. We found that p110α was activated first in G0/G1, followed by a minor p110β activity peak. In late G1, p110α activation preceded that of p110β, which showed the maximum activity at this time. p110β activation required Ras activity, whereas p110α was first activated by tyrosine kinases and then further induced by active Ras. Interference with p110α and -β activity diminished the activation of downstream effectors with different kinetics, with a selective action of p110α in blocking early G1 events. We show that inhibition of either p110α or p110β reduced cell cycle entry. These results reveal that PI3Kα and -β present distinct activation requirements and kinetics in G1 phase, with a selective action of PI3Kα at the G0/G1 phase transition. Nevertheless, PI3Kα and -β both regulate S-phase entry.

scholarly journals Hemoglobin switching in sheep: characteristics of BFU-E-derived colonies from fetal liver

Blood ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-500
Author(s):  
JE Barker
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Hemoglobin Switching ◽  
Fetal Liver Cells ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Number Of Cells

Two types of erythroid colonies were generated in vitro from sheep fetal liver cells. The first type consisted of single colonies of 8–256 cells that were well hemoglobinized by 4 days; these are thought to originate from CFU-E. The second type consisted of macroscopic colonies composed of several subcolonies that matured between days 3 and 8 in vitro. At maturity, each contained 256 to > 1000 cells that formed a discrete macroscopic cluster. The macroscopic colonies, not previously described in sheep, are thought to be derived from BFU-E. The characteristics of sheep BFU-E were defined and the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF, alpha 1, gamma 2) and HbC (alpha 2 beta 2) was compared in colonies derived from CFU-E or BFU-E. Bursts developed at erythropoietin (epo) concentrations as low as 0.1 U/ml, although the number observed increased with epo concentration up to 10 U/ml. The number of bursts observed was approximately proportional to the number of cells plated. As shown by thymidine suicide, approximately 50% of both the BFU e and CFU-E were in S-phase when obtained from the fetus. BFU-E were smaller and partially separable from CFU-E after sedimentation at unit gravity. The beta c/gamma synthetic ratio in colonies derived from BFU-E was greater than in CFU-E-derived colonies. These data suggest that the capacity for generation of erythroblasts making HbC is greater in the earlier or more primitive erythroid stem cells in fetal liver.

scholarly journals Triple S-Phase Labeling of Dividing Stem Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Podgorny ◽  
Natalia Peunova ◽  
June-Hee Park ◽  
Grigori Enikolopov
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
S Phase
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