Effects of temperature on reptilian and other cells

Development ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-467
Author(s):  
N. G. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Hanging Drop ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Initial Culture ◽  
Mononuclear Blood Cells

Only rarely have reptilian cells been used in cell culture studies. Lewis & Lewis (1925, 1926) investigated the transformation of mononuclear blood cells into macrophages, epithelioid cells and giant multinucleated cells in hanging drop cultures of lower vertebrates, including those of reptiles. Cohen (1926) used hanging-drop cultures of turtle blood to examine the formation of giant cells, because experiments could be carried out at room temperature. He recorded the activity of giant cells for 26 days after initial culture. Chang (1934) examined selachian blood in handing-drop cultures of whole blood and for comparison made similar studies of other vertebrates, including a snake. Studies with cell types other than blood cells have been more neglected. Chlopin (1925), studying liver cells of a number of embryonic and adult vertebrates, used a young specimen of Zootoca vivipara, and explanted a liver piece to a hanging drop preparation of rabbit plasma (1–2 months at 22–24 °C).

scholarly journals Myoblasts and macrophages share molecular components that contribute to cell–cell fusion

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostandin V. Pajcini ◽  
Jason H. Pomerantz ◽  
Ozan Alkan ◽  
Regis Doyonnas ◽  
Helen M. Blau
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Cell Cell

Cell–cell fusion is critical to the normal development of certain tissues, yet the nature and degree of conservation of the underlying molecular components remains largely unknown. Here we show that the two guanine-nucleotide exchange factors Brag2 and Dock180 have evolutionarily conserved functions in the fusion of mammalian myoblasts. Their effects on muscle cell formation are distinct and are a result of the activation of the GTPases ARF6 and Rac, respectively. Inhibition of ARF6 activity results in a lack of physical association between paxillin and β1-integrin, and disruption of paxillin transport to sites of focal adhesion. We show that fusion machinery is conserved among distinct cell types because Dock180 deficiency prevented fusion of macrophages and the formation of multinucleated giant cells. Our results are the first to demonstrate a role for a single protein in the fusion of two different cell types, and provide novel mechanistic insight into the function of GEFs in the morphological maturation of multinucleated cells.

Ultrastructural observations on the in vitro cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 914-915
Author(s):  
D.J.P. Ferguson ◽  
A.R. Berendt ◽  
J. Tansey ◽  
K. Marsh ◽  
C.I. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Cytoplasmic Process ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

In human malaria, the most serious clinical manifestation is cerebral malaria (CM) due to infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathology of CM is thought to relate to the fact that red blood cells containing mature forms of the parasite (PRBC) cytoadhere or sequester to post capillary venules of various tissues including the brain. This in vivo phenomenon has been studied in vitro by examining the cytoadherence of PRBCs to various cell types and purified proteins. To date, three Ijiost receptor molecules have been identified; CD36, ICAM-1 and thrombospondin. The specific changes in the PRBC membrane which mediate cytoadherence are less well understood, but they include the sub-membranous deposition of electron-dense material resulting in surface deformations called knobs. Knobs were thought to be essential for cytoadherence, lput recent work has shown that certain knob-negative (K-) lines can cytoadhere. In the present study, we have used electron microscopy to re-examine the interactions between K+ PRBCs and both C32 amelanotic melanoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).We confirm previous data demonstrating that C32 cells possess numerous microvilli which adhere to the PRBC, mainly via the knobs (Fig. 1). In contrast, the HUVEC were relatively smooth and the PRBCs appeared partially flattened onto the cell surface (Fig. 2). Furthermore, many of the PRBCs exhibited an invagination of the limiting membrane in the attachment zone, often containing a cytoplasmic process from the endothelial cell (Fig. 2).

scholarly journals Early and Late Cytologic Effects of Whole Body Irradiation on Human Marrow

Blood ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. FLIEDNER ◽  
GOULD A. ANDREWS ◽  
EUGENE P. CRONKITE ◽  
VICTOR P. BOND
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Exposed Individual ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Cytologic Abnormalities ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract 1. Serial marrow studies were performed during the first few days in eight men accidentally exposed to a mixed neutron gamma irradiation. They showed the occurrence of a wave of cytologic abnormalities. These were identical with those seen in animal experiments 1-3 days after whole body irradiation. They were considered to be "mitotically connected" (M. C. Abn.) and included the occurrence of chromosomal bridges and chromosomal fragments in mitoses. In interphase cells, the main abnormalities were nuclear fragments ("karyomeres") in the cytoplasm of erythroblasts, myelocytic cells and lymphocytes; bi- and multinucleated cells; and giant cells. The peak of abnormalities in the erythropoietic forms was reachéd after 2 days; that in the myelopoietic cells 4 days after exposure. On the 4th day, there was a distinct dose-dependent difference in these abnormalities between the high dose group (236-365 rads) and the low dose group (22-68 rads). 2. Some cytologic abnormalities, as seen in increased regeneratory activity of the marrow, were found in marrow smears 3.5 years after the accident, although the peripheral blood counts and mitotic indices of the marrow were within normal range. Their significance is obscure. 3. A careful cytologic evaluation of serially aspirated marrow samples during the first hours and days after whole body exposure proves to be an additional important aid in the assessment of the exposed individual and may well prove to be useful in determining the degree of injury and thus the prognosis.

Perfluorocarbon attenuates response of concanavalin A-stimulated mononuclear blood cells without altering ligand-receptor interaction

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. L210-L216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Haufe ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Lilla Knels ◽  
Thea Koch
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Surface Binding ◽  
Cellular Activation ◽  
Flow Cytofluorometry ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mononuclear Blood Cells

Intrapulmonary application of perfluorocarbons (PFC) in acute lung injury is associated with anti-inflammatory effects. A direct impact on leukocytic function may be involved. To further elucidate PFC effects on cellular activation, we compared in an in vitro model the response of concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated lymphocytes and monocytes exposed to perfluorohexane. We hypothesized that perfluorohexane attenuates the action of the lectin ConA by altering stimulant-receptor interaction on the cell surface. Mononuclear blood cells were stimulated by incubation with ConA in the presence of different amounts of perfluorohexane. The response of lymphocytes and monocytes was determined by means of IL-2 secretion and tissue factor (TF) expression, respectively. The influence of perfluorohexane on cell-surface binding of fluorescence-labeled ConA was studied using flow cytofluorometry and fluorescence microscopy. Perfluorohexane itself did not induce a cellular activation but significantly inhibited both monocytic TF expression and, to a far greater extent, IL-2 secretion of ConA-stimulated mononuclear blood cells. The effect of perfluorohexane was due neither to an alteration of cell viability nor to a binding of the stimulant. The amount of cell surface-bound ConA was not altered by perfluorohexane, and the overall pattern of ConA receptor rearrangement did not differ between controls and treated cells. In the present study, we provide further evidence for an anti-inflammatory effect of PFC that might be beneficial in states of pulmonary hyperinflammation. A PFC-induced alteration of stimulant-receptor interaction on the surface membrane does not seem to be the cause of attenuated cell activation.

scholarly journals Immunologic abnormalities in an animal model of chronic hypoplastic marrow failure induced by busulfan

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Pugsley ◽  
IJ Forbes ◽  
AA Morley
Keyword(s):  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Splenic Lymphocytes ◽  
Hypoplastic Marrow ◽  
Experimental Murine Model

Abstract The immunology of chronic hypoplastic marrow failure (CHMF, aplastic anemia) was studied in an experimental murine model of the disease induced by busulfan. B lymphocytes of peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow were reduced to 30%–40% and T lymphocytes of thymus, spleen, marrow, and blood were decreased to 20%–70% of control values. IgG and IgM antibody titer to sheep red blood cells were reduced to one- third of control levels, and splenic IgG, but not IgM, plaque-forming cells were fewer on day 7 after antigen stimulation. The proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A were reduced in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes, splenic lymphocytes, and thymocytes, and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by dinitrofluorobenze was not detected in mice with CHMF. The results demonstrate disturbance of a variety of cellular and humoral functions and suggest that the disturbance was due to quantitative and possibly qualitative abnormalities of the cell types subserving these functions. The results suggest that residual cell injury, the lesion underlying experimental CHMF, is not confined to the myeloid stem cell but also involved cells of the lymphoid series.

Mitogenicity and Metallothionein Induction: Two Separate Effects of Zinc Ions on Human Mononuclear Blood Cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.-L. Steffensen ◽  
O. J. Mesna ◽  
A. Melhuus ◽  
H. Hjertholm ◽  
H. E. Heier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Zinc Ions ◽  
Mononuclear Blood Cells

Rapid Visualization of Microtubules in Blood Cells and Other Cell Types in Marine Model Organisms

2002 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
K-G. Lee ◽  
A. Braun ◽  
I. Chaikhoutdinov ◽  
J. DeNobile ◽  
M. Conrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Model Organisms
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