The effect of embryonic partial decapitation on the developmental sequence of some proteins in the chicken

Clyde Manwell; T. W. Betz

doi:10.1242/dev.16.1.83

The effect of embryonic partial decapitation on the developmental sequence of some proteins in the chicken

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.16.1.83 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 83-89

Author(s):

Clyde Manwell ◽

T. W. Betz

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Hormonal Control ◽

Hormone Action ◽

Developmental Sequence ◽

In Ovo ◽

Developmental System ◽

The Third ◽

Insect Metamorphosis ◽

Biochemical Level

Hormonal control of differentiation at a biochemical level is exemplified by studies on amphibian and insect metamorphosis. However, Hinni & Watterson (1963) have reviewed the literature and presented new data on another developmental system with potential for analysis of hormone action. Chicken embryos at 33–36 h of incubation can be ‘hypophysectomized’ by partial decapitation, the prosencephalic and anterior part of the mesencephalic areas being removed. Absence of the pituitary primordium prevents the formation of a pituitary gland. Such embryos that continue to develop are noticeably smaller and show retardation in the development of bones, feathering, and several epithelial structures by 2 weeks of incubation. These ‘hypophysectomized’ embryos have an increased mortality, especially in the third week of incubation; the few that escape this ‘phenocritical period’ never hatch and remain in ovo days after the normal time of hatching.

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ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SEVERE BRAIN AND PITUITARY LESION

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0400254 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 254-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. H. Bassøe ◽

R. Emberland ◽

E. Glück ◽

K. F. Støa

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Adrenal Cortex ◽

Artificial Ventilation ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Adrenocortical Function ◽

The Third ◽

Low Levels ◽

Pituitary Lesion ◽

Steroid Excretion ◽

The Brain

ABSTRACT The steroid excretion and the plasma corticosteroids were investigated in three patients with necrosis of the brain and of the pituitary gland. The patients were kept alive by artificial ventilation. In two of the patients the neutral 17-ketosteroids and the 17-hydrocorticosteroids fell to extremely low levels. At the same time, the number of eosinophil cells showed a tendency to increase. Corticotrophin administered intravenously twice to the third patient had a stimulating effect on the adrenal cortex. The theoretical and practical significance of these findings is discussed.

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MELANOPHORE BANDS AND AREAS DUE TO NERVE CUTTING, IN RELATION TO THE PROTRACTED ACTIVITY OF NERVES

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.24.4.483 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 483-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. H. Parker

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Magnesium Sulfate ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Autonomic Nerve ◽

Color Changes ◽

The Third ◽

Limited Degree ◽

Adrenergic Fibers

1. When appropriate chromatic nerves are cut caudal bands, cephalic areas, and the pelvic fins of the catfish Ameiurus darken. In pale fishes all these areas will sooner or later blanch. By recutting their nerves all such blanched areas will darken again. 2. These observations show that the darkening of caudal bands, areas, and fins on cutting their nerves is not due to paralysis (Brücke), to the obstruction of central influences such as inhibition (Zoond and Eyre), nor to vasomotor disturbances (Hogben), but to activities emanating from the cut itself. 3. The chief agents concerned with the color changes in Ameiurus are three: intermedin from the pituitary gland, acetylcholine from the dispersing nerves (cholinergic fibers), and adrenalin from the concentrating nerves (adrenergic fibers). The first two darken the fish; the third blanches it. In darkening the dispersing nerves appear to initiate the process and to be followed and substantially supplemented by intermedin. 4. Caudal bands blanch by lateral invasion, cephalic areas by lateral invasion and internal disintegration, and pelvic fins by a uniform process of general loss of tint equivalent to internal disintegration. 5. Adrenalin may be carried in such an oil as olive oil and may therefore act as a lipohumor; it is soluble in water and hence may act as a hydrohumor. In lateral invasion (caudal bands, cephalic areas) it probably acts as a lipohumor and in internal disintegration (cephalic areas, pelvic fins) it probably plays the part of a hydrohumor. 6. The duration of the activity of dispersing nerves after they had been cut was tested by means of the oscillograph, by anesthetizing blocks, and by cold-blocks. The nerves of Ameiurus proved to be unsatisfactory for oscillograph tests. An anesthetizing block, magnesium sulfate, is only partly satisfactory. A cold-block, 0°C., is successful to a limited degree. 7. By means of a cold-block it can be shown that dispersing autonomic nerve fibers in Ameiurus can continue in activity for at least 6½ hours. It is not known how much longer they may remain active. So far as the duration of their activity is concerned dispersing nerve fibers in this fish are unlike other types of nerve fibers usually studied.

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Floral development of Potamogeton densus

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b73-079 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 647-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

U. Posluszny ◽

R. Sattler

Keyword(s):

Floral Development ◽

The Other ◽

Floral Meristem ◽

Developmental Sequence ◽

Initial Activity ◽

The Third ◽

Stamen Primordia ◽

Procambial Strand ◽

Inflorescence Axis ◽

Rates Of Growth

The floral appendages of Potamogeton densus are initiated in an acropetal sequence. The first primordia to be seen externally are those of the lateral tepals, though sectioning young floral buds (longitudinally, parallel to the inflorescence axis) reveals initial activity in the region of the lower median (abaxial) tepal and stamen at a time when the floral meristem is not yet clearly demarcated. The lateral (transversal) stamens are initiated simultaneously and unlike the median stamens each arises as two separate primordia. The upper median (adaxial) tepal and stamen develop late in relation to the other floral appendages, and in some specimens are completely absent. Rates of growth of the primordia vary greatly. Though the lower median tepal and stamen are initiated first, they grow slowly up to gynoecial inception, while the upper median tepal appears late in the developmental sequence but grows rapidly, soon overtaking the other tepal primordia. The four gynoecial primordia arise almost simultaneously, although variation in their sequence of inception occurs. The two-layered tunica of the floral apices gives rise to all floral appendages through periclinal divisions in the second layer. The third layer (corpus) is involved as well in the initiation of the stamen primordia. Procambial strands develop acropetally, lagging behind primordial initiation. The lateral stamens though initiating as two primordia each form a single, central procambial strand, which differentiates after growth between the two primordia of the thecae has occurred. A great amount of deviation from the normal tetramerous flower is found, including completely trimerous flowers, trimerous gynoecia with tetramerous perianth and androecium, and organs differentiating partially as tepals and partially as stamens.

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Vasopressin in blood and third ventricle CSF of dogs in chronic experiments

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1983.245.4.r541 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 245 (4) ◽

pp. R541-R548 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Simon-Oppermann ◽

D. Gray ◽

E. Szczepanska-Sadowska ◽

E. Simon

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Arginine Vasopressin ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Conscious State ◽

Conscious Dogs ◽

Inhalation Anesthesia ◽

Blood Samples ◽

The Third ◽

Device Implantation

A device for chronic implantation was developed that allowed sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the anterior part of the third cerebral ventricle (A3V) of dogs in repeated experiments for up to 4 mo. Osmolalities, electrolyte concentrations, and concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP) measured with a radioimmunoassay were determined in repeated experiments on the chronically prepared animals under conditions of normal hydration, both in the conscious state and during inhalation anesthesia. In conscious dogs, AVP concentrations in plasma and CSF were 3.3 +/- 0.4 and 21.8 +/- 2.5 pg X ml-1, respectively. During anesthesia without surgical interference, the AVP concentrations in plasma and CSF were increased twofold above the levels obtained in conscious dogs. During the time of observation (180 min) all measured parameters remained constant. The AVP concentrations in plasma and CSF samples collected during the surgical procedure of device implantation were about 10-fold higher than in the samples collected during the conscious state. Thus, in each experimental condition, AVP concentration in the CSF collected from the A3V was consistently higher than that in the simultaneously collected blood samples.

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The Third Annual Carl G. Hartman Lecture Brain, Pituitary Gland, and the Ovarian Cycle

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1093/biolreprod/6.1.3 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 3-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

John W. Everett

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Ovarian Cycle ◽

The Third

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Molecular Aspects of Juvenile Hormone Action in Insect Metamorphosis

Metamorphosis ◽

10.1016/b978-012283245-1/50008-7 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 223-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

LYNN M. RIDDIFORD

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Hormone ◽

Hormone Action ◽

Insect Metamorphosis ◽

Molecular Aspects

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Novel exocrine glands in the hindleg tarsi of the ant Nothomyrmecia macrops

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo00050 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 661 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Johan Billen ◽

Fuminori Ito ◽

Christian Peeters

Keyword(s):

Golgi Apparatus ◽

Secretory Cell ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Duct Cell ◽

Exocrine Gland ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Exocrine Glands ◽

The Third ◽

Duct Cells

The third tarsomere of the hindlegs of both workers and queens of Nothomyrmecia macrops is almost entirely filled with a hitherto unknown exocrine gland (which does not occur in the closely related Myrmecia). Each of the approximately 30 secretory cells is connected to the outside via a duct cell. These open individually via large cuticular pores at the mesoventral side of the anterior part of the tarsomere. The diameter of the duct cells is narrow near the secretory cell, but gradually increases towards their opening site. The rounded secretory cells show a well developed Golgi apparatus and numerous clear vesicles. The function of this gland is not yet known, although its opening site may be indicative of the deposition of marking substances. At the mediodistal side of tarsomeres 2, 3 and 4 in the three pairs of legs, a glandular thickening of the epidermal epithelium occurs; this represents another novel exocrine structure in ants. This epithelial gland occurs in both Nothomyrmecia and Myrmecia.

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Extended Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of a Suprasellar and Third Ventricular Retrochiasmatic Craniopharyngioma with a Narrow Pituitary Gland–Optic Chiasm Interval: Techniques to Optimize Resection

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B Skull Base ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1625946 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 (S 03) ◽

pp. S252-S253

Author(s):

Tyler Kenning ◽

Carlos Pinheiro-Neto

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Mass Effect ◽

Optic Chiasm ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach ◽

Endonasal Approach ◽

Posterior Aspect ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal ◽

The Third ◽

Extended Endoscopic Approach

AbstractThe extended endoscopic endonasal approach can be utilized to surgically treat pathology within the suprasellar space. This relies on a sufficient corridor and interval between the superior aspect of the pituitary gland and the optic chiasm. Tumors located in the retrochiasmatic space and within the third ventricle, however, may not have a widened interval through which to work. With mass effect on the superior and posterior aspect of the optic chiasm, the corridor between the chiasm and the pituitary gland might even be further narrowed. This may negate the possibility of utilizing the endoscopic endonasal approach for the management of pathology in this location. We present a case of a retrochiasmatic craniopharyngioma with a narrow resection corridor that was treated with the extended endoscopic approach and we review techniques to potentially overcome this limitation.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/ogRZj-aBqeQ.

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Steroid hormone receptor expression and action in bone

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0980217 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 217-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Rosemary BLAND

Keyword(s):

Steroid Hormones ◽

Hormone Receptor ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Steroid Hormone ◽

Hormonal Control ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Bone Architecture ◽

Steroid Hormone Receptor ◽

Hormone Action ◽

Hormone Receptor Expression

The skeleton is a complex tissue, and hormonal control of bone remodelling is elaborate. The important role that steroid hormones play in bone cell development and in the maintenance of normal bone architecture is well established, but it is only relatively recently that it has become possible to describe their precise mechanism of action. This review focuses not only on the steroid hormones (oestrogens, corticosteroids, androgens and progesterone), but also on related hormones (vitamin D, thyroid hormone and the retinoids), all of which act via structurally homologous nuclear receptors that form part of the steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily. By examining the actions of all of these hormones in vivo and in vitro, this review gives a general overview of the current understanding of steroid hormone action in bone. In addition, a comprehensive review of steroid hormone receptor expression in bone cells is included. Finally, the role that future developments, such as steroid hormone receptor knockout mice, will play in our understanding of steroid hormone action in bone is considered.

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