scholarly journals Prothoracicotropic hormone modulates environmental adaptive plasticity through the control of developmental timing

Development ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. dev159699 ◽  
Author(s):  
MaryJane Shimell ◽  
Xueyang Pan ◽  
Francisco A. Martin ◽  
Arpan C. Ghosh ◽  
Pierre Leopold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Prothoracicotropic Hormone

Severe developmental timing defects in the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-deficient silkworm, Bombyx mori

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miwa Uchibori-Asano ◽  
Takumi Kayukawa ◽  
Hideki Sezutsu ◽  
Tetsuro Shinoda ◽  
Takaaki Daimon
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Prothoracicotropic Hormone ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori ◽  
Timing Defects

scholarly journals Prothoracicotropic Hormone Regulates Developmental Timing and Body Size in Drosophila

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofeyah McBrayer ◽  
Hajime Ono ◽  
MaryJane Shimell ◽  
Jean-Philippe Parvy ◽  
Robert B. Beckstead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Prothoracicotropic Hormone

Local and Global Costs of Adaptive Plasticity to Density in Arabidopsis thaliana

2006 ◽  
Vol 167 (6) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Weinig ◽  
Johnston ◽  
German ◽  
Demink
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity

scholarly journals Adaptive response to a future life challenge: consequences of early-life environmental complexity in dual-purpose chicks

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yan ◽  
Kate Hartcher ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Jinlong Xiao ◽  
Hai Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Life Challenge ◽  
Environmental Challenge

Abstract Conditions in early life play profound and long-lasting effects on the welfare and adaptability to stress of chickens. This study aimed to explore the hypothesis that the provision of environmental complexity in early life improves birds’ adaptive plasticity and ability to cope with a challenge later in life. It also tried to investigate the effect of the gut-brain axis by measuring behavior, stress hormone, gene expression, and gut microbiota. One-day-old chicks were split into 3 groups: (1) a barren environment (without enrichment items) group (BG, n = 40), (2) a litter materials group (LG, n = 40), and (3) a perches with litter materials group (PLG, n = 40). Then, enrichment items were removed and simulated as an environmental challenge at 31 to 53 d of age. Birds were subjected to a predator test at 42 d of age. In the environmental challenge, when compared with LG, PLG birds were characterized by decreased fearfulness, lower plasma corticosterone, improved gut microbial functions, lower relative mRNA expression of GR, and elevated mRNA expressions of stress-related genes CRH, BDNF, and NR2A in the hypothalamus (all P < 0.05). Unexpectedly, the opposite was true for the LG birds when compared with the BG (P < 0.05). Decreased plasma corticosterone and fearfulness were accompanied by altered hypothalamic gene mRNA expressions of BDNF, NR2A, GR, and CRH through the HPA axis in response to altered gut microbial compositions and functions. The findings suggest that gut microbiota may integrate fearfulness, plasma corticosterone, and gene expression in the hypothalamus to provide an insight into the gut-brain axis in chicks. In conclusion, having access to both perches and litter materials in early life allowed birds to cope better with a future challenge. Birds in perches and litter materials environment may have optimal development and adaptive plasticity through the gut-brain axis.

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