A phospholipid kinase regulates actin organization and intercellular bridge formation during germline cytokinesis

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (17) ◽  
pp. 3855-3864 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Brill ◽  
G.R. Hime ◽  
M. Scharer-Schuksz ◽  
M.T. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Intercellular Bridge ◽  
Bridge Formation ◽  
Actin Organization ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 4 ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

The endgame of cytokinesis can follow one of two pathways depending on developmental context: resolution into separate cells or formation of a stable intercellular bridge. Here we show that the four wheel drive (fwd) gene of Drosophila melanogaster is required for intercellular bridge formation during cytokinesis in male meiosis. In fwd mutant males, contractile rings form and constrict in dividing spermatocytes, but cleavage furrows are unstable and daughter cells fuse together, producing multinucleate spermatids. fwd is shown to encode a phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI 4-kinase), a member of a family of proteins that perform the first step in the synthesis of the key regulatory membrane phospholipid PIP2. Wild-type activity of the fwd PI 4-kinase is required for tyrosine phosphorylation in the cleavage furrow and for normal organization of actin filaments in the constricting contractile ring. Our results suggest a critical role for PI 4-kinases and phosphatidylinositol derivatives during the final stages of cytokinesis.

scholarly journals Dual roles for the Drosophila PI 4-kinase Four wheel drive in localizing Rab11 during cytokinesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Polevoy ◽  
Ho-Chun Wei ◽  
Raymond Wong ◽  
Zsofia Szentpetery ◽  
Yeun Ju Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Recycling Endosome ◽  
Golgi Membranes ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Successful completion of cytokinesis relies on addition of new membrane, and requires the recycling endosome regulator Rab11, which localizes to the midzone. Despite the critical role of Rab11 in this process, little is known about the formation and composition of Rab11-containing organelles. Here, we identify the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-kinase III β Four wheel drive (Fwd) as a key regulator of Rab11 during cytokinesis in Drosophila melanogaster spermatocytes. We show Fwd is required for synthesis of PI 4-phosphate (PI4P) on Golgi membranes and for formation of PI4P-containing secretory organelles that localize to the midzone. Fwd binds and colocalizes with Rab11 on Golgi membranes, and is required for localization of Rab11 in dividing cells. A kinase-dead version of Fwd also binds Rab11 and partially restores cytokinesis to fwd mutant flies. Moreover, activated Rab11 partially suppresses loss of fwd. Our data suggest Fwd plays catalytic and noncatalytic roles in regulating Rab11 during cytokinesis.

scholarly journals Genetic Dissection of Meiotic Cytokinesis in Drosophila Males

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 2509-2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Giansanti ◽  
Rebecca M. Farkas ◽  
Silvia Bonaccorsi ◽  
Dan L. Lindsley ◽  
Barbara T. Wakimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Meiotic Spindles ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

We have used Drosophila male meiosis as a model system for genetic dissection of the cytokinesis mechanism. Drosophila mutants defective in meiotic cytokinesis can be easily identified by their multinucleate spermatids. Moreover, the large size of meiotic spindles allows characterization of mutant phenotypes with exquisite cytological resolution. We have screened a collection of 1955 homozygous mutant male sterile lines for those with multinucleate spermatids, and thereby identified mutations in 19 genes required for cytokinesis. These include 16 novel loci and three genes, diaphanous, four wheel drive, and pebble, already known to be involved in Drosophila cytokinesis. To define the primary defects leading to failure of cytokinesis, we analyzed meiotic divisions in male mutants for each of these 19 genes. Examination of preparations stained for tubulin, anillin, KLP3A, and F-actin revealed discrete defects in the components of the cytokinetic apparatus, suggesting that these genes act at four major points in a stepwise pathway for cytokinesis. Our results also indicated that the central spindle and the contractile ring are interdependent structures that interact throughout cytokinesis. Moreover, our genetic and cytological analyses provide further evidence for a cell type-specific control of Drosophila cytokinesis, suggesting that several genes required for meiotic cytokinesis in males are not required for mitotic cytokinesis.

scholarly journals Rab11 Is Required for Membrane Trafficking and Actomyosin Ring Constriction in Meiotic Cytokinesis of Drosophila Males

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 5034-5047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Giansanti ◽  
Giorgio Belloni ◽  
Maurizio Gatti
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Membrane Vesicle ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation ◽  
Ring Constriction ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol Transfer ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 4 ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Rab11 is a small GTPase that regulates several aspects of vesicular trafficking. Here, we show that Rab11 accumulates at the cleavage furrow of Drosophila spermatocytes and that it is essential for cytokinesis. Mutant spermatocytes form regular actomyosin rings, but these rings fail to constrict to completion, leading to cytokinesis failures. rab11 spermatocytes also exhibit an abnormal accumulation of Golgi-derived vesicles at the telophase equator, suggesting a defect in membrane–vesicle fusion. These cytokinesis phenotypes are identical to those elicited by mutations in giotto (gio) and four wheel drive (fwd) that encode a phosphatidylinositol transfer protein and a phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, respectively. Double mutant analysis and immunostaining for Gio and Rab11 indicated that gio, fwd, and rab11 function in the same cytokinetic pathway, with Gio and Fwd acting upstream of Rab11. We propose that Gio and Fwd mediate Rab11 recruitment at the cleavage furrow and that Rab11 facilitates targeted membrane delivery to the advancing furrow.

Factors contributing to the amount of vehicular damage resulting from collisions between four-wheel drive vehicles and passenger cars

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Broyles ◽  
S.Ross Clarke ◽  
Lutchmie Narine ◽  
Daryl R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

A NANOCAR WITH FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (46) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
BETHANY HALFORD
Keyword(s):  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

scholarly journals Research on a 20-Slot/22-Pole Five-Phase Fault-Tolerant PMSM Used for Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1265-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Sui ◽  
Ping Zheng ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive
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