Inductive regulation of cell fusion in leech

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (15) ◽  
pp. 3381-3390 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Isaksen ◽  
N.J. Liu ◽  
D.A. Weisblat

Cell-cell fusion is a component of many different developmental processes, but little is known about how cell-cell fusion is regulated. Here we investigate the regulation of a stereotyped cell-cell fusion event that occurs among the endodermal precursor cells of the glossiphoniid leech Helobdella robusta. We find that this fusion event is regulated inductively by a cell that does not itself fuse. We also show that biochemical arrest (by microinjection with ricin A chain or ribonuclease A) of the inducer or either of the fusion partners prevents fusion, but only if the arrest is initiated during a critical period long before the time at which fusion normally occurs. If the arrest occurs after this critical period, fusion occurs on schedule. These results suggest that both fusion partners play active roles in the process and that neither the induction nor the fusion itself requires concomitant protein synthesis.

1984 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
E S Vitetta ◽  
R J Fulton ◽  
J W Uhr

In vitro killing of the human Daudi cell line by either univalent [F(ab')] or divalent (IgG) forms of rabbit anti-human Ig (RAHIg) coupled to ricin A chain can be specifically potentiated by a "piggyback" treatment with ricin B chain coupled to goat anti-rabbit Ig (GARIg). When cells are treated with univalent immunotoxin (IT) [F(ab') RAHIg-A] and then cultured, IT can be detected on the cell surface for at least 5 h, since GARIg-B can still enhance killing at this time. These results provide a strategy for in vivo use of A chain- and B chain-containing IT.


1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1342-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Printseva ◽  
A. I. Faerman ◽  
A. V. Maksimenko ◽  
A. G. Tonevitsky ◽  
O. B. Ilynsky ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser S. Hassan ◽  
Sherry L. Ogg

AbstractPokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) is a single-chain ribosome-inactivating protein that exists in several forms isolated from various organs and at different stages of development of Phytolacca americana (pokeweed). In this study, PAP-S1, one of the two known isoforms found in seeds, was isolated and PCR amplified using primers based on the known mRNA of PAP-S2, the other known form found in seeds. The complete cDNA encoding PAP-S1 was determined here for the first time. PAP-S1 is a potent antiviral protein with many potential clinical applications. However, it was found to be dosage dependent with observed side effects at high dosage. In this study, we report the production of a recombinant antiviral peptide-fusion protein between Ricin A-chain and PAP-S1. The peptide-fusion recombinant proteins Ricin-A-Chain/PAP-S1 and PAP-S1/Ricin-A-Chain were generated by joining the Nterminus of PAP-S1 to the C-terminus of Ricin A-chain and the C-terminus of PAP-S1 to the N-terminus of Ricin A-chain respectively, and were expressed in an Escherichia coli cell free expression systems. The peptide-fusion recombinant protein Ricin-A-Chain/PAP-S1 (F2) was found to be more active than the PAPS1/Ricin-A-chain (F1) and similar to PAP-S1 in a cell free prokaryotic environment, and both showed much stronger activity in a cell free eukaryotic environment. The DNA sequence of the complete cDNA of PAP-S1 and of the peptide-fusion protein Ricin-A-Chain/PAP-S1 with the PAP-S1 signal peptide at the N-terminus of Ricin Achain were inserted in plant destination binary vectors for A. tumefaciens mediated transformation. It is the authors’ opinion that additional research should be done in order to determine both cytotoxicity and selectivity of fusion protein F2 compared to PAP-S1, as it could be a viable, more potent and less cytotoxic alternative to PAPS1 alone at high dosage, for both agricultural and therapeutic applications.


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