scholarly journals A common mechanism controls the life cycle and architecture of plants

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (9) ◽  
pp. 1609-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.J. Ratcliffe ◽  
I. Amaya ◽  
C.A. Vincent ◽  
S. Rothstein ◽  
R. Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Terminal Flower 1 ◽  
Rate Of Progression ◽  
Meristem Identity ◽  
Molecular Effects ◽  
Reproductive Phases ◽  
Developmental Phases

The overall aerial architecture of flowering plants depends on a group of meristematic cells in the shoot apex. We demonstrate that the Arabidopsis TERMINAL FLOWER 1 gene has a unified effect on the rate of progression of the shoot apex through different developmental phases. In transgenic Arabidopsis plants which ectopically express TERMINAL FLOWER 1, both the vegetative and reproductive phases are greatly extended. As a consequence, these plants exhibit dramatic changes in their overall morphology, producing an enlarged vegetative rosette of leaves, followed by a highly branched inflorescence which eventually forms normal flowers. Activity of the floral meristem identity genes LEAFY and APETALA 1 is not directly inhibited by TERMINAL FLOWER 1, but their upregulation is markedly delayed compared to wild-type controls. These phenotypic and molecular effects complement those observed in the tfl1 mutant, where all phases are shortened. The results suggest that TERMINAL FLOWER 1 participates in a common mechanism underlying major shoot apical phase transitions, rather than there being unrelated mechanisms which regulate each specific transition during the life cycle.

Separation of shoot and floral identity in Arabidopsis

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.J. Ratcliffe ◽  
D.J. Bradley ◽  
E.S. Coen
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Floral Meristem Identity ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Terminal Flower 1 ◽  
Type Pattern ◽  
Meristem Identity ◽  
Floral Meristems ◽  
Arabidopsis Plant ◽  
Meristem Identity Gene

The overall morphology of an Arabidopsis plant depends on the behaviour of its meristems. Meristems derived from the shoot apex can develop into either shoots or flowers. The distinction between these alternative fates requires separation between the function of floral meristem identity genes and the function of an antagonistic group of genes, which includes TERMINAL FLOWER 1. We show that the activities of these genes are restricted to separate domains of the shoot apex by different mechanisms. Meristem identity genes, such as LEAFY, APETALA 1 and CAULIFLOWER, prevent TERMINAL FLOWER 1 transcription in floral meristems on the apex periphery. TERMINAL FLOWER 1, in turn, can inhibit the activity of meristem identity genes at the centre of the shoot apex in two ways; first by delaying their upregulation, and second, by preventing the meristem from responding to LEAFY or APETALA 1. We suggest that the wild-type pattern of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 and floral meristem identity gene expression depends on the relative timing of their upregulation.

scholarly journals Characterization of the BnA10.tfl1 Gene Controls Determinate Inflorescence Trait in Brassica napus L.

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongpeng Jia ◽  
Kaixiang Li ◽  
Haidong Liu ◽  
Lingxiong Zan ◽  
Dezhi Du
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Terminal Flower 1 ◽  
Oilseed Breeding ◽  
Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein

Determinate inflorescences have a significant effect on the genetic improvement of rapeseed, so understanding the molecular function underlying the inflorescence trait may be beneficial to oilseed breeding. A previous study found candidate gene BnTFL1 (Terminal Flower 1) for control of the inflorescence trait on Brassica napus chromosome A10 (16,627–16,847 kb). However, little is known about the function of the BnTFL1 gene in B. napus. In this study, we firstly studied the formation of the shoot apical meristem and gene expression in indeterminate and determinate inflorescences; the results showed that the inflorescence architecture and BnA10.TFL1 expression showed significant differences in the shoot apex at the budding stage. Then, two alleles (named BnA10.TFL1 gene from indeterminate and BnA10.tfl1 gene from determinate) were cloned and sequence-analyzed; the results suggest that the open reading frame of the alleles comprises 537 bp, encodes 178 amino acids containing a conserved phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) domain, and shares high similarity with Arabidopsis thaliana TFL1. To analyze the function of BnA10.TFL1, the BnA10.TFL1 gene was introduced into the determinate A. thaliana tfl1 mutant and B. napus 571 line by complementation experiment. The determinate traits were restored to indeterminate, and expression of BnA10.TFL1 was increased in the indeterminate shoot apex. These results reveal that BnA10.tfl1 is a gene controlling the determinate inflorescence trait. Moreover, the BnA10.TFL1 protein was localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. Collectively, the results of this study help us to understand the molecular mechanism of determinate inflorescences and will provide a reliable research basis for the application of determinate inflorescences in B. napus.

scholarly journals A member of the TERMINAL FLOWER 1/CENTRORADIALIS gene family controls sprout growth in potato tubers

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne L Morris ◽  
M Carmen Alamar ◽  
Rosa M Lopez-Cobollo ◽  
Javier Castillo Cañete ◽  
Mark Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Terminal Flower 1 ◽  
Sprout Growth

scholarly journals Altered regulation of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 causes the unique vernalisation response in an arctic woodland strawberry accession

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elli A. Koskela ◽  
Takeshi Kurokura ◽  
Tuomas Toivainen ◽  
Anita Sønsteby ◽  
Ola M. Heide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Woodland Strawberry ◽  
Terminal Flower 1 ◽  
Altered Regulation

The Branchless Gene C lbl in Watermelon Encoding a Terminal Flower 1 Protein Regulate S the Number of Lateral Branch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junling Dou ◽  
Huihui Yang ◽  
Dongling Sun ◽  
Sen Yang ◽  
Shouru Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Terminal Flower 1 ◽  
Branch Development ◽  
Lateral Branches

Abstract Lateral branching is one of the most important traits, which directly determines plant 27 architecture and crop productivity. Commercial watermelon has the characteristics of multiple 28 lateral branches, and it is time-consuming and labor costing to manually remove the lateral 29 branches in traditional watermelon cultivation. In our present study, a lateral branchless trait was 30 identified in watermelon material W CZ, and genetic analysis revealed that it was controlled by a 31 single recessive gene, which named as Clbl . A bulked segregant sequencing (BSA seq) and 32 linkage analysis was conducted to primarily mapping of Clbl on watermelon chromosome 4 33 Next-generation sequencing aided marker discovery and a large mapping population consisting of 34 1406 F 2 plants was used to further mapped the Clbl locus into a 9011 bp candidate region which 35 harbored only one candidate gene Cla018392 encoding a TERMINAL FLOWER 1 gene. Sequence 36 comparison of Cla018392 between two parental lines revealed that there was a SNP detected from 37 C to A in the coding region in the branchless inbred line WCZ , which resulted in a mutation of 38 Alanine (GCA) to Glutamate (GAA) at the fourth exon A dCAPS marker was developed from the 39 SNP locus, which was co-segregated with the branchless phenotype in both BC 1 and F 2 population, 40 and it was also further validated in 152 natural watermelon accessions. qRT PCR and in situ 41 hybridization showed that the expression levels of Cla0 18392 was significantly reduced in the 42 axillary bud and apical bud in the branchless line WCZ Ectopic expression of ClTFL1 in 43 Arabidopsis showed an increased number of lateral branches. The results of this study will be 44 useful for better understanding the molecular mechanism of lateral branch development in 45 watermelon and for the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for new branchless 46 watermelon cultivars.

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