Intraaortic hemopoietic cells are derived from endothelial cells during ontogeny

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (22) ◽  
pp. 4575-4583 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jaffredo ◽  
R. Gautier ◽  
A. Eichmann ◽  
F. Dieterlen-Lievre
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Aortic Endothelium ◽  
Developmental Relationship ◽  
Common Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Specific Membrane ◽  
Specific Membrane Receptor ◽  
Hemopoietic Progenitor

We have investigated the developmental relationship of the hemopoietic and endothelial lineages in the floor of the chicken aorta, a site of hemopoietic progenitor emergence in the embryo proper. We show that, prior to the onset of hemopoiesis, the aortic endothelium uniformly expresses the endothelium-specific membrane receptor VEGF-R2. The onset of hemopoiesis can be determined by detecting the common leukocyte antigen CD45. VEGF-R2 and CD45 are expressed in complementary fashion, namely the hemopoietic cluster-bearing floor of the aorta is CD45(+)/VEGF-R2(−), while the rest of the aortic endothelium is CD45(−)/VEGF-R2(+). To determine if the hemopoietic clusters are derived from endothelial cells, we tagged the E2 endothelial tree from the inside with low-density lipoproteins (LDL) coupled to DiI. 24 hours later, hemopoietic clusters were labelled by LDL. Since no CD45(+) cells were inserted among endothelial cells at the time of vascular labelling, hemopoietic clusters must be concluded to derive from precursors with an endothelial phenotype.

Colonialism and the Highland Clearances

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
New Approach ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Imperial State ◽  
Late Modern

This article employs a new approach to studying internal colonialism in northern Scotland during the 18th and 19th centuries. A common approach to examining internal colonial situations within modern state territories is to compare characteristics of the internal colonial situation with attested attributes of external colonial relations. Although this article does not reject the comparative approach, it seeks to avoid criticisms that this approach can be misleading by demonstrating that promoters and managers of projects involving land use change, territorial dispossession and industrial development in the late modern Gàidhealtachd consistently conceived of their work as projects of colonization. It further argues that the new social, cultural and political structures these projects imposed on the area's indigenous population correspond to those found in other colonial situations, and that racist and racialist attitudes towards Gaels of the time are typical of those in colonial situations during the period. The article concludes that the late modern Gàidhealtachd has been a site of internal colonization where the relationship of domination between colonizer and colonized is complex, longstanding and occurring within the imperial state. In doing so it demonstrates that the history and present of the Gaels of Scotland belongs within the ambit of an emerging indigenous research paradigm.

The Documentary Imagination in Twentieth-Century French Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison James
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Twentieth Century French Literature ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This book studies the documentary impulse that plays a central role in twentieth-century French literature. Focusing on nonfiction narratives, it analyzes the use of documents—pieces of textual or visual evidence incorporated into the literary work to relay and interrogate reality. It traces the emergence of an enduring concern with factual reference in texts that engage with current events or the historical archive. Writers idealize the document as a fragment of raw reality, but also reveal its constructed and mediated nature and integrate it as a voice within a larger composition. This ambivalent documentary imagination, present in works by Gide, Breton, Aragon, Yourcenar, Duras, and Modiano (among others), shapes the relationship of literature to visual media, testimonial discourses, and self-representation. Far from turning away from realism in the twentieth century, French literature often turns to the document as a site of both modernist experiment and engagement with the world.

scholarly journals Orai–vascular endothelial-cadherin signaling complex regulates high-glucose exposure-induced increased permeability of mouse aortic endothelial cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002085
Author(s):  
Yuan Wei ◽  
Suwen Bai ◽  
YanHeng Yao ◽  
Wenxuan Hou ◽  
Junwei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Signaling Complex ◽  
Aortic Endothelium ◽  
Aortic Endothelial

IntroductionDiabetes-associated endothelial barrier function impairment might be linked to disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis. To study the role and molecular mechanism of Orais–vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin signaling complex and its downstream signaling pathway in diabetic endothelial injury using mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs).Research design and methodsThe activity of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) was detected by calcium imaging after 7 days of high-glucose (HG) or normal-glucose (NG) exposure, the expression levels of Orais after HG treatment was detected by western blot analysis. The effect of HG exposure on the expression of phosphorylated (p)-VE-cadherin and VE-cadherin on cell membrane was observed by immunofluorescence assay. HG-induced transendothelial electrical resistance was examined in vitro after MAECs were cultured in HG medium. FD-20 permeability was tested in monolayer aortic endothelial cells through transwell permeability assay. The interactions between Orais and VE-cadherin were detected by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence technologies. Immunohistochemical experiment was used to detect the expression changes of Orais, VE-cadherin and p-VE-cadherin in aortic endothelium of mice with diabetes.Results(1) The expression levels of Orais and activity of SOCE were significantly increased in MAECs cultured in HG for 7 days. (2) In MAECs cultured in HG for 7 days, the ratio of p-VE-cadherin to VE-cadherin expressed on the cell membrane and the FD-20 permeability in monolayer endothelial cells increased, indicating that intercellular permeability increased. (3) Orais and VE-cadherin can interact and enhance the interaction ratio through HG stimulation. (4) In MAECs cultured with HG, the SOCE activator ATP enhanced the expression level of p-VE-cadherin, and the SOCE inhibitor BTP2 decreased the expression level of p-VE-cadherin. (5) Significantly increased expression of p-VE-cadherin and Orais in the aortic endothelium of mice with diabetes.ConclusionHG exposure stimulated increased expression of Orais in endothelial cells, and increased VE-cadherin phosphorylation through Orais–VE-cadherin complex and a series of downstream signaling pathways, resulting in disruption of endothelial cell junctions and initiation of atherosclerosis.

Pulmonary Endothelial Cells / Metabolism of Vasoactive Substances

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Ryan ◽  
Una S. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Clotting System ◽  
Arterial Circulation ◽  
Pulmonary Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The lungs metabolize a variety of vasoactive substances, including bradykinin (BK), angiotensin I (AT I), PGE2 and F2α, norepinephrine, 5-HT, 5’-ATP and 5’-AMP. In contrast, the lungs od not metabolize angiotensin II (AT II), PGA2, histamine and epinephrine. Of the substances metabolized, all (with the possible exceptions of the prostaglandins) are processed primarily by the pulmonary endothelial cells. Furthermore, the means by which the substances are processed suggest that endothelial cells determine the vasoactive substances allowed to enter the systemic arterial circulation. BK is inactivated while AT I is converted to its potent homolog, AT II. AT II enters the arterial circulation. The metabolism of BK and AT I may be effected by the same enzyme. Pulmonary endothelial cells are a rich source of thromboplastin, an enzyme capable of degrading BK and AT I. However, the relationship of thromboplastin to the fates of these hormones is not clear : The metabolic products produced are not those produced by intact lungs nor by endothelial cells in culture. In addition, thromboplastin degrades substances (e.g. AT II), which are not degraded by intact lungs. Possibly the extrinsic clotting system plays a role when activated but not under physiologic conditions.

The auditing profession and the key audit matter reporting requirement

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dessalegn Getie Mihret ◽  
Monika Kansal ◽  
Mohammad Badrul Muttakin ◽  
Tarek Rana
Keyword(s):  
Standard Setting ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reporting Requirement ◽  
Regulatory Rule ◽  
Rule Setting ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of

Purpose This study aims to examine the setting of International Standards on Auditing (ISA) 701 on disclosing key audit matters (KAMs) to explore the role of standard setting in maintaining or reconstituting the relationship of the auditing profession with preparers and users of financial reports. Design/methodology/approach This study draws on concepts from the sociology of the professions literature and the regulatory space metaphor. Data comprises comment letters and other documents pertaining to the setting of ISA 701. Findings The study shows that the KAM reporting requirement is part of the ongoing re-calibration of the regulatory arrangements governing auditing, which started in the early 2000s. This study interprets standard setting as a site for negotiating the relationships between linked ecologies in the audit regulatory space, namely, the auditing profession, preparers of financial statements and users of audited reports. This study identifies three processes involved in setting ISA 701, namely, reconstitution of the rules governing auditors’ reports as a link between the three ecologies, preserving boundaries between the auditing profession and preparers and negotiation aimed at balancing competing interests of the interrelated ecologies. Originality/value The study offers insights into the role of regulatory rule setting as a central medium through which the adaptive relationship of the profession with its environment is negotiated.

scholarly journals Heterotypic inter-GPCR ß-arrestin coupling regulates lymphatic endothelial junctional architecture in murine lymph nodes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hisano ◽  
Mari Kono ◽  
Eric Engelbrecht ◽  
Koki Kawakami ◽  
Keisuke Yanagida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Endothelial Permeability ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
A Site

AbstractLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) activate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to regulate key pathobiological processes. Here we report a novel lipid mediator GPCR cross-talk mechanism that modulates lymphatic endothelial junctional architecture in lymph nodes. LPAR1 was identified as an inducer of S1PR1/ ß-arrestin coupling from a genome-wide CRISPR/ Cas9 transcriptional activation screen. LPAR1 activation induced S1PR1 ß-arrestin recruitment while suppressing Gαi protein signaling. Lymphatic endothelial cells from cortical and medullary sinuses of lymph nodes which express LPAR1 and S1PR1, exhibit porous junctional architecture and constitutive S1PR1 coupling to ß-arrestin which was suppressed by the LPAR1 antagonist AM095. In endothelial cells, LPAR1-activation increased trans-endothelial permeability and junctional remodeling from zipper-like structures to puncta of adhesion plaques that terminate at actin-rich stress fibers with abundant intercellular gaps. Cross-talk between LPA and S1P receptors regulates complex junctional architecture of lymphatic sinus endothelial cells, a site of high lymphocyte traffic and lymph flow.

scholarly journals Intoxicating Impressions: Architecture to enlighten the imagination through the depth of reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amber Marie Gray
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Wine Region ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Taste And Smell

<p>Wine is created from the delicate and fragile craft of winemaking, a craft reliant on the balance of both science and art. Wine translates qualities and experience of space and creation through the sense of taste and smell. Intoxicating impressions rediscovers the artistic nature of this craft through the space of a winery. It proposes an architecture of engagement.  Impressionist painting offers an immersive representation of the qualities and atmosphere of space. This immersive effect creates an engagement of the viewer's imagination within the depicted scene. The painting's execution is based on both science and art through the representation of the intangible. This exploration resulted in testing architectural concepts of 'dissipation of light' and 'blurring of boundaries' to enhance the architectural experience to engage the imagination of the inhabitant.  From these concepts, architecture allows the inhabiting of intangible qualities. The landscape presents itself as an ephemeral tool to mediate this relationship of art and science having an imperative role within the winemaking craft. The architectural design becomes a tool to immerse the user within the craft that it houses and within the landscape where the craft of winemaking occurs and upon which it relies upon.  This winery is designed for a site in the Hawke’s Bay wine region of New Zealand and follows a brief designed to materialise intangible and immaterial qualities of space. This is to engage the inhabitant within the environment and the winemaking craft. The architectural design allows the exploration of the intangible, balanced, vulnerable and fragile nature of a craft that is balanced by a scientific reality.</p>

scholarly journals Intoxicating Impressions: Architecture to enlighten the imagination through the depth of reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amber Marie Gray
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Wine Region ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Taste And Smell

<p>Wine is created from the delicate and fragile craft of winemaking, a craft reliant on the balance of both science and art. Wine translates qualities and experience of space and creation through the sense of taste and smell. Intoxicating impressions rediscovers the artistic nature of this craft through the space of a winery. It proposes an architecture of engagement.  Impressionist painting offers an immersive representation of the qualities and atmosphere of space. This immersive effect creates an engagement of the viewer's imagination within the depicted scene. The painting's execution is based on both science and art through the representation of the intangible. This exploration resulted in testing architectural concepts of 'dissipation of light' and 'blurring of boundaries' to enhance the architectural experience to engage the imagination of the inhabitant.  From these concepts, architecture allows the inhabiting of intangible qualities. The landscape presents itself as an ephemeral tool to mediate this relationship of art and science having an imperative role within the winemaking craft. The architectural design becomes a tool to immerse the user within the craft that it houses and within the landscape where the craft of winemaking occurs and upon which it relies upon.  This winery is designed for a site in the Hawke’s Bay wine region of New Zealand and follows a brief designed to materialise intangible and immaterial qualities of space. This is to engage the inhabitant within the environment and the winemaking craft. The architectural design allows the exploration of the intangible, balanced, vulnerable and fragile nature of a craft that is balanced by a scientific reality.</p>

Adenoviral expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 in rabbit aortic endothelium: role in arachidonic acid-induced relaxation

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. H1033-H1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin T. Aggarwal ◽  
Blythe B. Holmes ◽  
Lijie Cui ◽  
Helena Viita ◽  
Seppo Yla-Herttuala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Aortic Endothelium ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Rate Limiting

Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of the rabbit aorta is mediated by either nitric oxide (NO) or arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites from cyclooxygenase (COX) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) pathways. 15-LO-1 metabolites of AA, 11,12,15-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (THETA), and 15-hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (HEETA) cause concentration-dependent relaxation. We tested the hypothesis that in the 15-LO pathway of AA metabolism, 15-LO-1 is sufficient and is the rate-limiting step in inducing relaxations in rabbit aorta. Aorta and rabbit aortic endothelial cells were treated with adenoviruses containing human 15-LO-1 cDNA (Ad-15-LO-1) or β-galactosidase (Ad-β-Gal). Ad-15-LO-1-transduction increased the expression of a 75-kDa protein corresponding to 15-LO-1, detected by immunoblotting with an anti-human15-LO-1 antibody, and increased the production of HEETA and THETA from [14C]AA. Immunohistochemical studies on Ad-15-LO-1-transduced rabbit aorta showed the presence of 15-LO-1 in endothelial cells. Ad-15-LO-1-treated aortic rings showed enhanced relaxation to AA (max 31.7 ± 3.2%) compared with Ad-β-Gal-treated (max 12.7 ± 3.2%) or control nontreated rings (max 13.1 ± 1.6%) ( P < 0.01). The relaxations in Ad-15-LO-1-treated aorta were blocked by the 15-LO inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-a-cyanocinnamate. Overexpression of 15-LO-1 in the rabbit aortic endothelium is sufficient to increase the production of the vasodilatory HEETA and THETA and enhance the relaxations to AA. This confirms the role of HEETA and THETA as endothelium-derived relaxing factors.

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