Roles of cell-autonomous mechanisms for differential expression of region-specific transcription factors in neuroepithelial cells

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 2449-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nakagawa ◽  
T. Kaneko ◽  
T. Ogura ◽  
T. Suzuki ◽  
M. Torii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cells ◽  
Islet 1 ◽  
Inductive Signal

Although a number of genes have been found to have restricted expression domains in the embryonic forebrain and midbrain, it remains largely unknown how the expression of these genes is regulated at the cellular level. In this study, we explored the mechanisms for the differential expression of region-specific transcription factors in neuroepithelial cells by using both primary and immortalized neuroepithelial cells from the rat brain at embryonic day 11.5. We found that differential expression patterns of Pax-3, Pax-5, Pax-6, Dlx-1, Dlx-2, Emx2, Otx1 and Dbx observed in vivo were maintained even when the cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, free from environmental influences. Furthermore, in response to Sonic hedgehog, which is a major inductive signal from the environment for regional specification, neuroepithelial cells that maintain distinct regional identities expressed different sets of ventral-specific genes including Islet-1, Nkx-2.1 and Nkx-2.2. These results suggest that certain cell-autonomous mechanisms play important roles in regulating both environmental signal-dependent and -independent expression of region-specific genes. Thus, we propose that use of the in vitro culture systems we describe in this study facilitates the understanding of regulatory mechanisms of region-specific genes in neuroepithelial cells.

scholarly journals The role of SOX proteins in normal pituitary development

2008 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriaki S Alatzoglou ◽  
Daniel Kelberman ◽  
Mehul T Dattani
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transgenic Animal ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Sox Proteins

Pituitary development is a complex process that depends on the co-ordinated spatial and temporal expression of transcription factors and signalling molecules that culminates in the formation of a complex organ that secretes six hormones from five different cell types. Given the fact that all distinct hormone producing cells arise from a common ectodermal primordium, the patterning, architecture and plasticity of the gland is impressive. Among the transcription factors involved in the early steps of pituitary organogenesis are SOX2 and SOX3, members of the SOX family that are emerging as key players in many developmental processes. Studies in vitro and in vivo in transgenic animal models have helped to elucidate their expression patterns and roles in the developing hypothalamo–pituitary region. It has been demonstrated that they may be involved in pituitary development either directly, through shaping of Rathke's pouch, or indirectly affecting signalling from the diencephalon. Their role has been further underlined by the pleiotropic effects of their mutations in humans that range from isolated hormone deficiencies to panhypopituitarism and developmental abnormalities affecting many organ systems. However, the exact mechanism of action of SOX proteins, their downstream targets and their interplay within the extensive network that regulates pituitary development is still the subject of a growing number of studies. The elucidation of their role is crucial for the understanding of a number of processes that range from developmental mechanisms to disease phenotypes and tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals Loss of Foxc1 and Foxc2 function in chondroprogenitor cells disrupts endochondral ossification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asra Almubarak ◽  
Rotem Lavy ◽  
Nikola Srnic ◽  
Yawen Hu ◽  
Devi P. Maripuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Endochondral Ossification ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Chondrocyte Differentiation ◽  
Growth Plate Chondrocytes ◽  
Chondroprogenitor Cells

AbstractEndochondral ossification forms and grows the majority of the mammalian skeleton and is tightly controlled through gene regulatory networks. The forkhead box transcription factors Foxc1 and Foxc2 have been demonstrated to regulate aspects of osteoblast function in the formation of the skeleton but their roles in chondrocytes to control endochondral ossification are less clear. We demonstrate that Foxc1 expression is directly regulated by SOX9 activity, one of the earliest transcription factors to specify the chondrocyte lineages. Moreover we demonstrate that elevelated expression of Foxc1 promotes chondrocyte differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells and loss of Foxc1 function inhibits chondrogenesis in vitro. Using chondrocyte-targeted deletion of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in mice, we reveal a role for these factors in chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Loss of both Foxc1 and Foxc2 caused a general skeletal dysplasia predominantly affecting the vertebral column. The long bones of the limb were smaller and mineralization was reduced and organization of the growth plate was disrupted. In particular, the stacked columnar organization of the proliferative chondrocyte layer was reduced in size and cell proliferation in growth plate chondrocytes was reduced. Differential gene expression analysis indicated disrupted expression patterns in chondrogenesis and ossification genes throughout the entire process of endochondral ossification in Col2-cre;Foxc1Δ/Δ;Foxc2Δ/Δ embryos. Our results suggest that Foxc1 and Foxc2 are required for correct chondrocyte differentiation and function. Loss of both genes results in disorganization of the growth plate, reduced chondrocyte proliferation and delays in chondrocyte hypertrophy that prevents correct ossification of the endochondral skeleton.

scholarly journals miRNA858b Inhibits Proanthocyanidin Accumulation by Repression of DkMYB19 and DkMYB20 in Persimmon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sichao Yang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Liqing Xu ◽  
Zhengrong Luo ◽  
Qinglin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transient Transformation ◽  
Activity Detection ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Rna Ligase ◽  
R2r3 Myb

AbstractPersimmon proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthetic had been reported to be regulated by several transcription factors, but the miRNAs function involved in this process was poorly understood. We identified a miRNA858b that putatively targeted two R2R3-MYB transcription factors, DkMYB19/DkMYB20. Transcript accumulation of DkMYB19/DkMYB20 and miRNA858b showed contrasting divergent expression patterns during fruit development. DkMYB19/DkMYB20 were confirmed to be localized in the nucleus. The interaction between miRNA858b and DkMYB19/DkMYB20 were experimentally validated by 5’ RNA ligase-mediated RACE and LUC enzyme activity detection. Overexpression of miRNA858b led to the down-regulation of DkMYB19/DkMYB20 which reduced the accumulation of PA, whereas the reduced miRNA858b activity that up-regulated the DkMYB19/DkMYB20 resulted in high levels of PA in STTM858b transient expression in leaves in vivo. Similarly, the transient transformation of miRNA858b in fruit wafers in vitro also reduced the accumulation of PA by repressing the DkMYB19/DkMYB20, while the up-regulation of DkMYB19/DkMYB20 enhanced the accumulation of PA in STTM858b or DkMYB19/DkMYB20 transient transformation in fruit wafers. PA content decreased after overexpression of miRNA858b in Arabidopsis wild type and DkMYB19/DkMYB20 in persimmon leaf callus consisted with the above results. These findings suggested that miRNA858b repressed the expression of DkMYB19/DkMYB20 which contribute to PA accumulation in persimmon.

Differential expression patterns of MafB and c-Maf in macrophages in vivo and in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 473 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhouha Daassi ◽  
Michito Hamada ◽  
Hyojung Jeon ◽  
Yuki Imamura ◽  
Mai Thi Nhu Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns

Exploiting Anti-Inflammation Effects of Flavonoids in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 2610-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarique Hussain ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Huansheng Yang ◽  
Muhammad S. Kalhoro ◽  
Dildar H. Kalhoro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Background: Inflammation is a complex response of the host defense system to different internal and external stimuli. It is believed that persistent inflammation may lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as, inflammatory bowel disease, neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress is the main factor responsible for the augmentation of inflammation via various molecular pathways. Therefore, alleviating oxidative stress is effective a therapeutic option against chronic inflammatory diseases. Methods: This review article extends the knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids targeting inflammatory pathways in chronic diseases, which would be the best approach for the development of suitable therapeutic agents against chronic diseases. Results: Since the inflammatory response is initiated by numerous signaling molecules like NF-κB, MAPK, and Arachidonic acid pathways, their encountering function can be evaluated with the activation of Nrf2 pathway, a promising approach to inhibit/prevent chronic inflammatory diseases by flavonoids. Over the last few decades, flavonoids drew much attention as a potent alternative therapeutic agent. Recent clinical evidence has shown significant impacts of flavonoids on chronic diseases in different in-vivo and in-vitro models. Conclusion: Flavonoid compounds can interact with chronic inflammatory diseases at the cellular level and modulate the response of protein pathways. A promising approach is needed to overlook suitable alternative compounds providing more therapeutic efficacy and exerting fewer side effects than commercially available antiinflammatory drugs.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the Oral Mucosa-Specific microRNA-31 Promotes Skin Wound Closure

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Alyne Simões ◽  
Zujian Chen ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Xinming Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Keratinocyte Proliferation

Wounds within the oral mucosa are known to heal more rapidly than skin wounds. Recent studies suggest that differences in the microRNAome profiles may underlie the exceptional healing that occurs in oral mucosa. Here, we test whether skin wound-healing can be accelerating by increasing the levels of oral mucosa-specific microRNAs. A panel of 57 differentially expressed high expresser microRNAs were identified based on our previously published miR-seq dataset of paired skin and oral mucosal wound-healing [Sci. Rep. (2019) 9:7160]. These microRNAs were further grouped into 5 clusters based on their expression patterns, and their differential expression was confirmed by TaqMan-based quantification of LCM-captured epithelial cells from the wound edges. Of these 5 clusters, Cluster IV (consisting of 8 microRNAs, including miR-31) is most intriguing due to its tissue-specific expression pattern and temporal changes during wound-healing. The in vitro functional assays show that ectopic transfection of miR-31 consistently enhanced keratinocyte proliferation and migration. In vivo, miR-31 mimic treatment led to a statistically significant acceleration of wound closure. Our results demonstrate that wound-healing can be enhanced in skin through the overexpression of microRNAs that are highly expressed in the privileged healing response of the oral mucosa.

Subnuclear compartmentalization of sequence-specific transcription factors and regulation of eukaryotic gene expression

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth N Corry ◽  
D Alan Underhill
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Nuclear Architecture ◽  
Subnuclear Localization ◽  
Modular Structures

To date, the majority of the research regarding eukaryotic transcription factors has focused on characterizing their function primarily through in vitro methods. These studies have revealed that transcription factors are essentially modular structures, containing separate regions that participate in such activities as DNA binding, protein–protein interaction, and transcriptional activation or repression. To fully comprehend the behavior of a given transcription factor, however, these domains must be analyzed in the context of the entire protein, and in certain cases the context of a multiprotein complex. Furthermore, it must be appreciated that transcription factors function in the nucleus, where they must contend with a variety of factors, including the nuclear architecture, chromatin domains, chromosome territories, and cell-cycle-associated processes. Recent examinations of transcription factors in the nucleus have clarified the behavior of these proteins in vivo and have increased our understanding of how gene expression is regulated in eukaryotes. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding sequence-specific transcription factor compartmentalization within the nucleus and discuss its impact on the regulation of such processes as activation or repression of gene expression and interaction with coregulatory factors.Key words: transcription, subnuclear localization, chromatin, gene expression, nuclear architecture.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Identification and Functional Insight of Lily WRKY Genes Responding to Botrytis Fungal Disease

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Shipra Kumari ◽  
Bashistha Kumar Kanth ◽  
Ju young Ahn ◽  
Jong Hwa Kim ◽  
Geung-Joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Genome Wide

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq of Lilium longiflorum revealed valuable genes responding to biotic stresses. WRKY transcription factors are regulatory proteins playing essential roles in defense processes under environmental stresses, causing considerable losses in flower quality and production. Thirty-eight WRKY genes were identified from the transcriptomic profile from lily genotypes, exhibiting leaf blight caused by Botrytis elliptica. Lily WRKYs have a highly conserved motif, WRKYGQK, with a common variant, WRKYGKK. Phylogeny of LlWRKYs with homologous genes from other representative plant species classified them into three groups- I, II, and III consisting of seven, 22, and nine genes, respectively. Base on functional annotation, 22 LlWRKY genes were associated with biotic stress, nine with abiotic stress, and seven with others. Sixteen unique LlWRKY were studied to investigate responses to stress conditions using gene expression under biotic and abiotic stress treatments. Five genes—LlWRKY3, LlWRKY4, LlWRKY5, LlWRKY10, and LlWRKY12—were substantially upregulated, proving to be biotic stress-responsive genes in vivo and in vitro conditions. Moreover, the expression patterns of LlWRKY genes varied in response to drought, heat, cold, and different developmental stages or tissues. Overall, our study provides structural and molecular insights into LlWRKY genes for use in the genetic engineering in Lilium against Botrytis disease.

scholarly journals Differential expression and correlation analysis of miRNA–mRNA profiles in swine testicular cells infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Zhang ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Bingzhou Zhang ◽  
Zhonghua Li ◽  
Wei Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

AbstractThe variant virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain (YN15) can cause severe porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED); however, the attenuated vaccine-like PEDV strain (YN144) can induce immunity in piglets. To investigate the differences in pathogenesis and epigenetic mechanisms between the two strains, differential expression and correlation analyses of the microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA in swine testicular (ST) cells infected with YN15, YN144, and mock were performed on three comparison groups (YN15 vs Control, YN144 vs Control, and YN15 vs YN144). The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles were obtained using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the differentially expressed (DE) (p-value < 0.05) mRNA and miRNA were obtained using DESeq R package. mRNAs targeted by DE miRNAs were predicted using the miRanda algortithm. 8039, 8631 and 3310 DE mRNAs, and 36, 36, and 22 DE miRNAs were identified in the three comparison groups, respectively. 14,140, 15,367 and 3771 DE miRNA–mRNA (targeted by DE miRNAs) interaction pairs with negatively correlated expression patterns were identified, and interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Six DE miRNAs and six DE mRNAs were randomly selected to verify the sequencing data by real-time relative quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on bioinformatics analysis, we discovered the differences were mostly involved in host immune responses and viral pathogenicity, including NF-κB signaling pathway and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, etc. This is the first comprehensive comparison of DE miRNA–mRNA pairs in YN15 and YN144 infection in vitro, which could provide novel strategies for the prevention and control of PED.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document