Identification and behavior of epithelial stem cells in the Drosophila ovary

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (11) ◽  
pp. 3797-3807 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Margolis ◽  
A. Spradling
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Somatic Stem Cells ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Normal Site ◽  
Dividing Cells

Throughout their lives, adult Drosophila females continuously produce oocytes, each surrounded by an epithelial monolayer of follicle cells. To characterize the somatic stem cells that give rise to ovarian follicle cells, we marked dividing cells using FLP-catalyzed mitotic recombination and analyzed the resulting clones. Each ovariole in young females contains, on average, two somatic stem cells located near the border of germarium regions 2a and 2b. The somatic stem cells do not coordinate their divisions either with each other or with the germline stem cells. As females age, initially mosaic ovarioles become monoclonal, indicating that functional somatic stem cells have a finite life span. Analysis of agametic flies revealed that somatic cells continue to divide in the absence of a germline. Under these conditions, the somatic stem cells develop near the tip of the ovariole (the normal site of the germline stem cells), and a subpopulation of somatic cells that normally separates the germline and somatic stem cells is missing.

scholarly journals Discovery of Alstrom syndrome gene as a regulator of centrosome duplication in asymmetrically dividing stem cells in Drosophila.: Supplementary table-mass spectrometry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuie Chen ◽  
Yukiko Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Causative Gene ◽  
Centriole Duplication ◽  
Alström Syndrome ◽  
Mother And Daughter ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Alstrom Syndrome ◽  
Daughter Centriole

Stereotypical inheritance of the mother vs. daughter centrosomes has been reported in several stem cells that divide asymmetrically. We report the identification of a protein that exhibits asymmetric localization between mother and daughter centrosomes in asymmetrically dividing Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs). We show that Alms1a, a Drosophila homolog of the causative gene for the human ciliopathy Alstrom Syndrome, is a ubiquitous mother centriole protein with a unique additional localization to the daughter centriole only in the mother centrosome of GSCs. Depletion of alms1a results in rapid loss of centrosomes due to failure in daughter centriole duplication. We reveal that alms1a is specifically required for centriole duplication in asymmetrically dividing cells but not in symmetrically dividing differentiating cells in multiple stem cell lineages. The unique requirement of alms1a in asymmetric dividing cells may shed light onto the molecular mechanisms of Alstrom syndrome pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Reduction of Cullin-2 in somatic cells disrupts differentiation of germline stem cells in the Drosophila ovary

2015 ◽  
Vol 405 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Champakali Ayyub ◽  
Kushal Kr. Banerjee ◽  
Prakash Joti
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Drosophila Ovary ◽  
Cullin 2

scholarly journals Orphan nuclear receptor ftz-f1 (NR5A3) promotes egg chamber survival in the Drosophila ovary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison N Beachum ◽  
Kaitlin M Whitehead ◽  
Samantha I McDonald ◽  
Daniel N Phipps ◽  
Hanna E Berghout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Orphan Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Egg Chamber

Abstract Gamete production in mammals and insects is controlled by cell signaling pathways that facilitate communication between germ cells and somatic cells. Nuclear receptor signaling is a key mediator of many aspects of reproduction, including gametogenesis. For example, the NR5A sub-family of nuclear receptors are essential for gonad development and sex steroid production in mammals. Despite the original identification of the NR5A sub-family in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster, it has been unclear whether Drosophila NR5A receptors directly control oocyte production. Ftz-f1 is expressed throughout the ovary, including in germline stem cells, germline cysts, and several populations of somatic cells. We demonstrate that ftz-f1 is required in follicle cells prior to stage 10 to promote egg chamber survival at the mid-oogenesis checkpoint. Our data suggest that egg chamber death in the absence of ftz-f1 is due, at least in part, to failure of follicle cells to exit the mitotic cell cycle or failure to accumulate oocyte-specific factors in the germline. Taken together, these results demonstrate that, as in mammals, the NR5A sub-family promotes maximal reproductive output in Drosophila. Our data underscore the importance of nuclear receptors in the control of reproduction and highlight the utility of Drosophila oogenesis as a key model for unraveling the complexity of nuclear receptor signaling in gametogenesis.

scholarly journals A direct effect of the autonomic nervous system on somatic stem cell proliferation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R5
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Davis ◽  
Megan J. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Somatic Stem Cell ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Somatic Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Proliferation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Regulation of somatic stem cell proliferation is critical for the maintenance of tissue and organ function throughout the body. Modulators of this process include nutrients and peptides, but the role of an autonomic neural influence on stem cell proliferation has been neglected. This article describes the literature in support of autonomic nervous system (ANS) influence on somatic stem cells, with emphasis on intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESCs) as a representative somatic stem cell. Based on the current available data, models for the direct influence of both branches of the ANS (the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) on IESCs are outlined. Finally, the prospect of treatments derived from ANS influence on somatic stem cells is explored.

scholarly journals Centrosome-dependent asymmetric inheritance of the midbody ring in Drosophila germline stem cell division

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Salzmann ◽  
Cuie Chen ◽  
C.-Y. Ason Chiang ◽  
Amita Tiyaboonchai ◽  
Michael Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Identity ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Division ◽  
Functional Relevance

Many stem cells, including Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs), divide asymmetrically, producing one stem cell and one differentiating daughter. Cytokinesis is often asymmetric, in that only one daughter cell inherits the midbody ring (MR) upon completion of abscission even in apparently symmetrically dividing cells. However, whether the asymmetry in cytokinesis correlates with cell fate or has functional relevance has been poorly explored. Here we show that the MR is asymmetrically segregated during GSC divisions in a centrosome age–dependent manner: male GSCs, which inherit the mother centrosome, exclude the MR, whereas female GSCs, which we here show inherit the daughter centrosome, inherit the MR. We further show that stem cell identity correlates with the mode of MR inheritance. Together our data suggest that the MR does not inherently dictate stem cell identity, although its stereotypical inheritance is under the control of stemness and potentially provides a platform for asymmetric segregation of certain factors.

scholarly journals A single-cell atlas and lineage analysis of the adult Drosophila ovary

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Rust ◽  
Laurean E. Byrnes ◽  
Kevin Shengyang Yu ◽  
Jason S. Park ◽  
Julie B. Sneddon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Somatic Tissue ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Follicle Stem Cells

Abstract The Drosophila ovary is a widely used model for germ cell and somatic tissue biology. Here we use single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to build a comprehensive cell atlas of the adult Drosophila ovary that contains transcriptional profiles for every major cell type in the ovary, including the germline stem cells and their niche cells, follicle stem cells, and previously undescribed subpopulations of escort cells. In addition, we identify Gal4 lines with specific expression patterns and perform lineage tracing of subpopulations of escort cells and follicle cells. We discover that a distinct subpopulation of escort cells is able to convert to follicle stem cells in response to starvation or upon genetic manipulation, including knockdown of escargot, or overactivation of mTor or Toll signalling.

scholarly journals Localization and possible functions of Drosophila septins.

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1843-1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Fares ◽  
M Peifer ◽  
J R Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Homologous Proteins ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Embryonic Nervous System

The septins are a family of homologous proteins that were originally identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where they are associated with the "neck filaments" and are involved in cytokinesis and other aspects of the organization of the cell surface. We report here the identification of Sep1, a Drosophila melanogaster septin, based on its homology to the yeast septins. The predicted Sep1 amino acid sequence is 35-42% identical to the known S. cerevisiae septins; 52% identical to Pnut, a second D. melanogaster septin; and 53-73% identical to the known mammalian septins. Sep1-specific antibodies have been used to characterize its expression and localization. The protein is concentrated at the leading edge of the cleavage furrows of dividing cells and cellularizing embryos, suggesting a role in furrow formation. Other aspects of Sep1 localization suggest roles not directly related to cytokinesis. For example, Sep1 exhibits orderly, cell-cycle-coordinated rearrangements within the cortex of syncytial blastoderm embryos and in the cells of post-gastrulation embryos; Sep1 is also concentrated at the leading edge of the epithelium during dorsal closure in the embryo, in the neurons of the embryonic nervous system, and at the baso-lateral surfaces of ovarian follicle cells. The distribution of Sep1 typically overlaps, but is distinct from, that of actin. Both immunolocalization and biochemical experiments show that Sep1 is intimately associated with Pnut, suggesting that the Drosophila septins, like those in yeast, function as part of a complex.

Centromere assembly and non-random sister chromatid segregation in stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben L. Carty ◽  
Elaine M. Dunleavy
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Centromere Protein A ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis

Abstract Asymmetric cell division (ACD) produces daughter cells with separate distinct cell fates and is critical for the development and regulation of multicellular organisms. Epigenetic mechanisms are key players in cell fate determination. Centromeres, epigenetically specified loci defined by the presence of the histone H3-variant, centromere protein A (CENP-A), are essential for chromosome segregation at cell division. ACDs in stem cells and in oocyte meiosis have been proposed to be reliant on centromere integrity for the regulation of the non-random segregation of chromosomes. It has recently been shown that CENP-A is asymmetrically distributed between the centromeres of sister chromatids in male and female Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs), with more CENP-A on sister chromatids to be segregated to the GSC. This imbalance in centromere strength correlates with the temporal and asymmetric assembly of the mitotic spindle and potentially orientates the cell to allow for biased sister chromatid retention in stem cells. In this essay, we discuss the recent evidence for asymmetric sister centromeres in stem cells. Thereafter, we discuss mechanistic avenues to establish this sister centromere asymmetry and how it ultimately might influence cell fate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document