Lazarillo, a new GPI-linked surface lipocalin, is restricted to a subset of neurons in the grasshopper embryo

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Ganfornina ◽  
D. Sanchez ◽  
M.J. Bastiani
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Extracellular Side ◽  
Developing Neurons ◽  
In Situ Hybridizations ◽  
Antibody Labeling ◽  
Small Hydrophobic ◽  
Developing Nervous System

Lazarillo, a protein recognized by the monoclonal antibody 10E6, is expressed by a subset of neurons in the developing nervous system of the grasshopper. It is a glycoprotein of 45x10(3) M(r) with internal disulfide bonds and linked to the extracellular side of the plasma membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol moiety. Peptide sequences obtained from affinity purified adult protein were used to identify an embryonic cDNA clone, and in situ hybridizations confirmed that the distribution of the Lazarillo mRNA paralleled that of the monoclonal antibody labeling on embryos. Sequence analysis defines Lazarillo as a member of the lipocalin family, extracellular carriers of small hydrophobic ligands, and most related to the porphyrin- and retinol-binding lipocalins. Lazarillo is the first example of a lipocalin anchored to the plasma membrane, highly glycosylated, and restricted to a subset of developing neurons.

Correlations between the 44D7 antigenic complex and the plasma membrane Na+–Ca2+ exchanger

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1160-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Letarte ◽  
Elizabeth J. Quackenbush ◽  
Reuben Baumal ◽  
Marek Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Carrier Transport ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Activated T Lymphocytes ◽  
Antigenic Complex ◽  
Resting Lymphocytes

The exchange of Na+ for Ca2+ across the plasma membrane is mediated by a carrier transport system known as the Na+–Ca2+ exchanger. We have recently reported the specific inhibition of Na+–Ca2+ exchanger activity in cardiac and skeletal muscle sarcolemmal vesicles by monoclonal antibody 44D7. In this review, we summarize the properties of the 44D7 monoclonal antibody and the antigenic complex reacting with this antibody. The 44D7 antibody was produced against human acute lymphocytic cells and recognizes a molecular complex composed of two subunits of the apparent molecular weights 95 000 and 38 000, linked by disulfide bonds. Two other monoclonal antibodies react with the same complex: 4F2 which binds to the same epitope as 44D7 and specifically inhibits the Na+–Ca2+ exchanger activity, and 44H7 which reacts with a distinct epitope and does not inhibit exchanger activity. The 44D7 antibody reacts with nerve fibers in brain and proximal convoluted tubules of kidney, both known to possess Na+–Ca2+ exchanger activity. Reactivity of 44D7 antibody with tonsil and thymus sections is restricted to certain subpopulations of cells. The reactivity of the antibody is very weak with resting lymphocytes in suspension; however, activated T lymphocytes and leukemic cells show increased binding to 44D7 antibody. Several malignant cell lines express high levels of the 44D7 antigen. The reactivity of a human hepatoma with 44D7 antibody is much greater than that observed with normal hepatocytes. The inhibition by monoclonal antibody 44D7 of the Na+–Ca2+ exchanger activity and the similarity in tissue distribution of the 44D7 antigenic complex and the exchanger system suggests that these two molecules might be related. Demonstration of a direct correlation between these two entities will require the isolation of a molecule expressing both antigenic and exchanger activities.

scholarly journals Cerebroglycan: an integral membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is unique to the developing nervous system and expressed specifically during neuronal differentiation

1994 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Stipp ◽  
ED Litwack ◽  
AD Lander
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Developing Neurons ◽  
Developing Rat ◽  
Developing Nervous System

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are found on the surface of all adherent cells and participate in the binding of growth factors, extracellular matrix glycoproteins, cell adhesion molecules, and proteases and antiproteases. We report here the cloning and pattern of expression of cerebroglycan, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored HSPG that is found in the developing rat brain (previously referred to as HSPG M13; Herndon, M. E., and A. D. Lander. 1990. Neuron. 4:949-961). The cerebroglycan core protein has a predicted molecular mass of 58.6 kD and five potential heparan sulfate attachment sites. Together with glypican (David, G., V. Lories, B. Decock, P. Marynen, J.-J. Cassiman, and H. Van den Berghe. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 111:3165-3176), it defines a family of integral membrane HSPGs characterized by GPI linkage and conserved structural motifs, including a pattern of 14 cysteine residues that is absolutely conserved. Unlike other known integral membrane HSPGs, including glypican and members of the syndecan family of transmembrane proteoglycans, cerebroglycan is expressed in only one tissue: the nervous system. In situ hybridization experiments at several developmental stages strongly suggest that cerebroglycan message is widely and transiently expressed by immature neurons, appearing around the time of final mitosis and disappearing after cell migration and axon outgrowth have been completed. These results suggest that cerebroglycan may fulfill a function related to the motile behaviors of developing neurons.

Rapid quantification and in situ detection of nitrifying bacteria in biofilms by monoclonal antibody method

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Noda ◽  
H. Ikuta ◽  
Y. Ebie ◽  
A. Hirata ◽  
S. Tsuneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Rapid Quantification

Fluorescent antibody technique by the monoclonal antibody method is very useful and helpful for the rapid quantification and in situ detection of the specific bacteria like nitrifiers in a mixed baxterial habitat such as a biofilm. In this study, twelve monoclonal antibodies against Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO14298) and sixteen against Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO14297) were raised from splenocytes of mice (BALB/c). It was found that these antibodies exhibited little cross reactivity against various kinds of heterotrophic bacteria. The direct cell count method using monoclonal antibodies could exactly detect and rapidly quantify N. europaea and N. winogradskyi. Moreover, the distribution of N. europaea and N. winogradskyi in a biofilm could be examined by in situ fluorescent antibody technique. It was shown that most of N. winogradskyi existed near the surface part and most of N. europaea existed at the inner part of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel pellet, which had entrapped activated sludge and used in a landfill leachate treatment reactor. It was suggested that this monoclonal antibody method was utilized for estimating and controlling the population of nitrifying bacteria as a quick and favorable tool.

COVID-19: Update on Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Chauhan ◽  
Pramod K. Sharma ◽  
Shikha Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Golgi Membrane ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Global Pandemic

COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease) is the most contagious virus, which has been characterized as a global pandemic by WHO. The pathological cycle of COVID-19 virus can be specified as RNAaemia, severe pneumonia, along with the Ground-glass opacity (GGO), and acute cardiac injury. The S protein of Coronavirus has been reported to be involved in the entry of the virus into the host cell, which can be accomplished by direct membrane fusion between the virus and plasma membrane. In the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi membrane, the newly formed enveloped glycoproteins are introduced. The spread of disease occurs due to contact and droplets unleashed by the vesicles holding the virus particles combined with the plasma membrane to the virus released by the host. The present manuscript describes the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and various treatment strategies that include drugs such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, an anti-malarial drug, antibodies: SARS-CoV-specific human monoclonal antibody CR3022 and plasma treatment facilitate the therapeutic effect.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibody detection of plasma membrane cholesterol microdomains responsive to cholesterol trafficking

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1492-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard S. Kruth ◽  
Ina Ifrim ◽  
Janet Chang ◽  
Lia Addadi ◽  
Daniele Perl-Treves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Membrane Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Trafficking ◽  
Plasma Membrane Cholesterol

scholarly journals Germline Transformation of Drosophila virilis With the Transposable Element mariner

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan R Lohe ◽  
Daniel L Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Drosophila Virilis ◽  
Cell Region ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Drosophila Mauritiana ◽  
Characteristic 2 ◽  
In Situ Hybridizations

Abstract An important goal in molecular genetics has been to identify a transposable element that might serve as an efficient transformation vector in diverse species of insects. The transposable element mariner occurs naturally in a wide variety of insects. Although virtually all mariner elements are nonfunctional, the Mosl element isolated from Drosophila mauritiana is functional. Mosl was injected into the pole-cell region of embryos of D. virilis, which last shared a common ancestor with D. mauritiana 40 million years ago. Mosl PCR fragments were detected in several pools of DNA from progeny of injected animals, and backcross lines were established. Because Go lines were pooled, possibly only one transformation event was actually obtained, yielding a minimum frequency of 4%. Mosl segregated in a Mendelian fashion, demonstrating chromosomal integration. The copy number increased by spontaneous mobilization. In situ hybridization confirmed multiple polymorphic locations of Mosl. Integration results in a characteristic 2-bp TA duplication. One Mosl element integrated into a tandem array of 370-bp repeats. Some copies may have integrated into heterochromatin, as evidenced by their ability to support PCR amplification despite absence of a signal in Southern and in situ hybridizations.

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