scholarly journals Embryonic expression and cloning of the murine GATA-3 gene

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (9) ◽  
pp. 2673-2686 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. George ◽  
M.W. Leonard ◽  
M.E. Roth ◽  
K.H. Lieuw ◽  
D. Kioussis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Regulatory Analysis

We describe the embryonic expression pattern as well as the cloning and initial transcriptional regulatory analysis of the murine (m) GATA-3 gene. In situ hybridization shows that mGATA-3 mRNA accumulation is temporally and spatially regulated during early development: although found most abundantly in the placenta prior to 10 days of embryogenesis, mGATA-3 expression becomes restricted to specific cells within the embryonic central nervous system (in the mesencephalon, diencephalon, pons and inner ear) later in gestation. GATA-3 also shows a restricted expression pattern in the peripheral nervous system, including terminally differentiating cells in the cranial and sympathetic ganglia. In addition to this distinct pattern in the nervous system, mGATA-3 is also expressed in the embryonic kidney and the thymic rudiment, and further analysis showed that it is expressed throughout T lymphocyte differentiation. To begin to investigate how this complex gene expression pattern is elicited, cloning and transcriptional regulatory analyses of the mGATA-3 gene were initiated. At least two regulatory elements (one positive and one negative) appear to be required for appropriate tissue-restricted regulation after transfection of mGATA-3-directed reporter genes into cells that naturally express GATA-3 (T lymphocytes and neuroblastoma cells). Furthermore, this same region of the locus confers developmentally appropriate expression in transgenic mice, but only in a subset of the tissues that naturally express the gene.

scholarly journals Repression precedes the stepwise evolution of a highly specific gene expression pattern

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Pu ◽  
Zinan Wang ◽  
Haosu Cong ◽  
Jacqueline S.R. Chin ◽  
Jessa Justen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
And Function

AbstractWell-controlled gene expression is critical for the proper development and function of many traits. Highly-specific temporal and spatial expression patterns are often due to the overlapping activities of activator and repressor sequences that form cis-regulatory elements called enhancers. While many studies have shown that evolutionary changes in enhancers can result in novel traits, few studies illuminate how enhancers originate, how activator and repressor sequences interact during enhancer evolution, and the order in which they evolve. Here, we traced the evolutionary origin of a recently evolved enhancer that drives the expression of the fatty acyl-CoA elongase, bond, specifically in the semicircular wall epithelium (swe) of the Drosophila male ejaculatory bulb (EB). We show that this enhancer consists of two activator regions that drive bond expression in the entire EB and a repressor region that restricts expression specifically to the EB swe. Interestingly, the repressor region preceded the evolution of the two activator regions. The evolution of the first activator region, consisting of two putative Abdominal-B sites, did not drive expression in the EB due to the action of the repressor region. Expression of bond in the EB swe requires the evolution of the second activator region, which does not drive expression on its own, but synergizes with the first activator region and the repressor region to produce a highly-specific spatial expression pattern. Our results show that the origin and evolution of a novel enhancer require multiple steps and the evolution of repressor sequences can precede the evolution of activator sequences.

scholarly journals Localization of Distant Urogenital System-, Central Nervous System-, and Endocardium-Specific Transcriptional Regulatory Elements in the GATA-3 Locus

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1558-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Lakshmanan ◽  
Ken H. Lieuw ◽  
Kim-Chew Lim ◽  
Yi Gu ◽  
Frank Grosveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Yeast Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Elements ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory

ABSTRACT We found previously that neither a 6-kbp promoter fragment nor even a 120-kbp yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) containing the whole GATA-3 gene was sufficient to recapitulate its full transcription pattern during embryonic development in transgenic mice. In an attempt to further identify tissue-specific regulatory elements modulating the dynamic embryonic pattern of the GATA-3 gene, we have examined the expression of two much larger (540- and 625-kbp) GATA-3 YACs in transgenic animals. A lacZ reporter gene was first inserted into both large GATA-3 YACs. The transgenic YAC patterns were then compared to those of embryos bearing the identical lacZinsertion in the chromosomal GATA-3 locus (creating GATA-3/lacZ “knock-ins”). We found that most of the YAC expression sites and tissues are directly reflective of the endogenous pattern, and detailed examination of the integrated YAC transgenes allowed the general localization of a number of very distant transcriptional regulatory elements (putative central nervous system-, endocardium-, and urogenital system-specific enhancers). Remarkably, even the 625-kbp GATA-3 YAC, containing approximately 450 kbp and 150 kbp of 5′ and 3′ flanking sequences, respectively, does not contain the full transcriptional regulatory potential of the endogenous locus and is clearly missing regulatory elements that confer tissue-specific expression to GATA-3 in a subset of neural crest-derived cell lineages.

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