PES-1 is expressed during early embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans and has homology to the fork head family of transcription factors

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Hope
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Promoter Trapping ◽  
Fork Head ◽  
Initiation Of Transcription ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

Promoter trapping has identified a gene, pes-1, which is expressed during C. elegans embryogenesis. The beta-galactosidase expression pattern, directed by the pes-1/lacZ fusion through which this gene was cloned, has been determined precisely in terms of the embryonic cell lineage and has three components. One component is in a subset of cells of the AB founder cell lineage during early embryogenesis, suggesting pes-1 may be regulated both by cell autonomous determinants and by intercellular signals. Analysis of cDNA suggests pes-1 has two sites for initiation of transcription and the two transcripts would encode related but distinct proteins. The predicted PES-1 proteins have homology to the fork head family of transcription factors and therefore may have important regulatory roles in early embryogenesis.

ISOLATION AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CELL-LINEAGE MUTANTS OF THE NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Robert Horvitz ◽  
John E Sulston
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Recessive Mutation ◽  
Incomplete Penetrance ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Recessive Mutations

ABSTRACT Twenty-four mutants that alter the normally invariant post-embryonic cell lineages of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been isolated and genetically characterized. In some of these mutants, cell divisions fail that occur in wild-type animals; in other mutants, cells divide that do not normally do so. The mutants differ in the specificities of their defects, so that it is possible to identify mutations that affect some cell lineages but not others. These mutants define 14 complementation groups, which have been mapped. The abnormal phenotype of most of the cell-lineage mutants results from a single recessive mutation; however, the excessive cell divisions characteristic of one strain, CB1322, require the presence of two unlinked recessive mutations. All 24 cell-lineage mutants display incomplete penetrance and/or variable expressivity. Three of the mutants are suppressed by pleiotropic suppressors believed to be specific for null alleles, suggesting that their phenotypes result from the complete absence of gene activity.

scholarly journals The embryonic cell lineage of Caenorhabditis elegans : A modern hieroglyph

BioEssays ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Sáenz-Narciso ◽  
Eva Gómez-Orte ◽  
Angelina Zheleva ◽  
Rafael Torres-Pérez ◽  
Juan Cabello
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Embryonic Cell

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial expression patterns of the small heat shock (hsp16) genes in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans.

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
E G Stringham ◽  
D K Dixon ◽  
D Jones ◽  
E P Candido
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Gene Pair ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Noncoding Sequences ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Gene Pairs ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

The expression of the hsp16 gene family in Caenorhabditis elegans has been examined by introducing hsp16-lacZ fusions into the nematode by transformation. Transcription of the hsp16-lacZ transgenes was totally heat-shock dependent and resulted in the rapid synthesis of detectable levels of beta-galactosidase. Although the two hsp16 gene pairs of C. elegans are highly similar within both their coding and noncoding sequences, quantitative and qualitative differences in the spatial pattern of expression between gene pairs were observed. The hsp16-48 promoter was shown to direct greater expression of beta-galactosidase in muscle and hypodermis, whereas the hsp16-41 promoter was more efficient in intestine and pharyngeal tissue. Transgenes that eliminated one promoter from a gene pair were expressed at reduced levels, particularly in postembryonic stages, suggesting that the heat shock elements in the intergenic region of an hsp16 gene pair may act cooperatively to achieve high levels of expression of both genes. Although the hsp16 gene pairs are never constitutively expressed, their heat inducibility is developmentally restricted; they are not heat inducible during gametogenesis or early embryogenesis. The hsp16 genes represent the first fully inducible system in C. elegans to be characterized in detail at the molecular level, and the promoters of these genes should find wide applicability in studies of tissue- and developmentally regulated genes in this experimental organism.

scholarly journals Microinjection into the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo using an uncoated glass needle enables cell lineage visualization and reveals cell-non-autonomous adhesion control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Kikuchi ◽  
Akatsuki Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Glass Needle ◽  
Time Specific

AbstractMicroinjection is a useful method in cell biology, with which exogenous substances are introduced into a cell in a location- and time-specific manner. The Caenorhabditis elegans embryo is an important model system for cell and developmental biology. Applying microinjection to the C. elegans embryo had been difficult due to the rigid eggshell surrounding the embryo. In 2013, microinjection method using a carbon-coated quartz needle for the C. elegans embryo was reported. To prepare the needle, unfortunately, special equipment is required and thus a limited number of researchers can use this method. In this study, we established a method for the microinjection of drugs, dyes, and microbeads into the C. elegans embryo using an uncoated glass needle that can be produced in a general laboratory. This method enabled us to easily detect cell lineage up to adult stages by injecting a fluorescent dye into a blastomere. We also found a cell-non-autonomous control mechanism of cell adhesion; specifically, the injection of an actin inhibitor into one cell at the 2-cell stage enhanced adhesion between daughter cells of the other cell. Our microinjection method is expected to be used for broad studies and could facilitate various discoveries using C. elegans.

scholarly journals Piecemeal regulation of convergent neuronal lineages by bHLH transcription factors in Caenorhabditis elegans

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Masoudi ◽  
Eviatar Yemini ◽  
Ralf Schnabel ◽  
Oliver Hobert
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Neuronal Markers ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factors ◽  
Identity Transformations

ABSTRACT Cells of the same type can be generated by distinct cellular lineages that originate in different parts of the developing embryo (‘lineage convergence’). Several Caenorhabditis elegans neuron classes composed of left/right or radially symmetric class members display such lineage convergence. We show here that the C. elegans Atonal homolog lin-32 is differentially expressed in neuronal lineages that give rise to left/right or radially symmetric class members. Loss of lin-32 results in the selective loss of the expression of pan-neuronal markers and terminal selector-type transcription factors that confer neuron class-specific features. Another basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene, the Achaete-Scute homolog hlh-14, is expressed in a mirror image pattern relative to lin-32 and is required to induce neuronal identity and terminal selector expression on the contralateral side of the animal. These findings demonstrate that distinct lineage histories converge via different bHLH factors at the level of induction of terminal selector identity determinants, which thus serve as integrators of distinct lineage histories. We also describe neuron-to-neuron identity transformations in lin-32 mutants, which we propose to also be the result of misregulation of terminal selector gene expression.

scholarly journals DAF-16/FoxO in Caenorhabditis elegans and Its Role in Metabolic Remodeling

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Zečić ◽  
Bart P. Braeckman
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Metabolic Shift ◽  
Glyoxylate Shunt ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Metabolic Remodeling ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

DAF-16, the only forkhead box transcription factors class O (FoxO) homolog in Caenorhabditis elegans, integrates signals from upstream pathways to elicit transcriptional changes in many genes involved in aging, development, stress, metabolism, and immunity. The major regulator of DAF-16 activity is the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling (IIS) pathway, reduction of which leads to lifespan extension in worms, flies, mice, and humans. In C. elegans daf-2 mutants, reduced IIS leads to a heterochronic activation of a dauer survival program during adulthood. This program includes elevated antioxidant defense and a metabolic shift toward accumulation of carbohydrates (i.e., trehalose and glycogen) and triglycerides, and activation of the glyoxylate shunt, which could allow fat-to-carbohydrate conversion. The longevity of daf-2 mutants seems to be partially supported by endogenous trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide that mammals cannot synthesize, which points toward considerable differences in downstream mechanisms by which IIS regulates aging in distinct groups.

scholarly journals The Emergent Connectome in Caenorhabditis elegans Embryogenesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bradly Alicea
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Adult Hermaphrodite ◽  
Nervous System Function

ABSTRACTThe relatively new field of connectomics provides us with a unique window into nervous system function. In the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, this promise is even greater due to the relatively small number of cells (302) in its nervous system. While the adult C. elegans connectome has been characterized, the emergence of these networks in development has yet to be established. In this paper, we approach this problem using secondary data describing the birth times of terminally-differentiated cells as they appear in the embryo and a connectomics model for nervous system cells in the adult hermaphrodite. By combining these two sources of data, we can better understand patterns that emerge in an incipient connectome. This includes identifying at what point in embryogenesis the cells of a connectome first comes into being, potentially observing some of the earliest neuron-neuron interactions, and making comparisons between the formally-defined connectome and developmental cell lineages. An analysis is also conducted to root terminally-differentiated cells in their developmental cell lineage precursors. This reveals subnetworks with different properties at 300 minutes of embryogenesis. Additional investigations reveal the spatial position of neuronal cells born during pre-hatch development, both within and outside the connectome model, in the context of all developmental cells in the embryo. Overall, these analyses reveal important information about the birth order of specific cells in the connectome, key building blocks of global connectivity, and how these structures correspond to key events in early development.

‘Promoter trapping’ in Caenorhabditis elegans

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Hope
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Lacz Gene ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Active Expression ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

A screen of gene expression patterns has been developed for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Promoter-reporter gene fusions were constructed in vitro by ligating C. elegans genomic DNA fragments upstream of a lacZ gene. Patterns of beta-galactosidase expression were examined by histochemical staining of C. elegans lines transformed with the constructs. beta-galactosidase expression depended on translational fusion, so constructs were assayed in large pools to expedite detection of the low proportion that were active. Expression in a variety of cell types and temporal patterns was observed with different construct pools. The most striking expression patterns were obtained when the beta-galactosidase activity was localized to subcellular structures by the C. elegans portion of the fusion protein. The active constructs of three selected pools were identified subsequently by an efficient combinatorial procedure. The genomic locations of the DNA fragments from the active constructs were determined and appear to define previously uncharacterized genetic loci.

scholarly journals Establishment of a morphological atlas of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo using deep-learning-based 4D segmentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Cao ◽  
Guoye Guan ◽  
Vincy Wing Sze Ho ◽  
Ming-Kin Wong ◽  
Lu-Yan Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Division Cell

AbstractThe invariant development and transparent body of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans enables complete delineation of cell lineages throughout development. Despite extensive studies of cell division, cell migration and cell fate differentiation, cell morphology during development has not yet been systematically characterized in any metazoan, including C. elegans. This knowledge gap substantially hampers many studies in both developmental and cell biology. Here we report an automatic pipeline, CShaper, which combines automated segmentation of fluorescently labeled membranes with automated cell lineage tracing. We apply this pipeline to quantify morphological parameters of densely packed cells in 17 developing C. elegans embryos. Consequently, we generate a time-lapse 3D atlas of cell morphology for the C. elegans embryo from the 4- to 350-cell stages, including cell shape, volume, surface area, migration, nucleus position and cell-cell contact with resolved cell identities. We anticipate that CShaper and the morphological atlas will stimulate and enhance further studies in the fields of developmental biology, cell biology and biomechanics.

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