Spatially regulated expression of three receptor tyrosine kinase genes during gastrulation in the zebrafish

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Xu ◽  
N. Holder ◽  
R. Patient ◽  
S.W. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Entire Axis ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Spatial Regulation ◽  
Regulated Expression ◽  
Early Developmental

We describe the isolation and early developmental expression of three novel zebrafish genes (rtk1-3) that encode members of the eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases. At the onset of gastrulation, rtk1 is expressed in the shield region corresponding to the future dorsal side of the embryo. As gastrulation proceeds, both rtk1 and rtk2 are expressed within the axial hypoblast along the entire axis of the embryo. After the gastrula stage is complete, expression of both genes is maintained in precursor cells of the notochord in the tail bud but is downregulated in other regions of the axial hypoblast, rtk3 is expressed in anterior axial hypoblast including the ‘pillow’ at the anterior tip of the hypoblast and in paraxial tissue in posterior regions of the embryo. We show that the precise spatial regulation of expression of rtk genes, ntl and goosecoid along the anteroposterior axis is maintained in embryos that have no dorsoventral axis. This indicates that the mechanisms that regulate gene expression along the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes of the hypoblast may be independent.

A spinal cord fate map in the avian embryo: while regressing, Hensen's node lays down the notochord and floor plate thus joining the spinal cord lateral walls

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 2599-2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Catala ◽  
M.A. Teillet ◽  
E.M. De Robertis ◽  
M.L. Le Douarin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Fate Map ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Lateral Walls

The spinal cord of thoracic, lumbar and caudal levels is derived from a region designated as the sinus rhomboidalis in the 6-somite-stage embryo. Using quail/chick grafts performed in ovo, we show the following. (1) The floor plate and notochord derive from a common population of cells, located in Hensen's node, which is equivalent to the chordoneural hinge (CNH) as it was defined at the tail bud stage. (2) The lateral walls and the roof of the neural tube originate caudally and laterally to Hensen's node, during the regression of which the basal plate anlage is bisected by floor plate tissue. (3) Primary and secondary neurulations involve similar morphogenetic movements but, in contrast to primary neurulation, extensive bilateral cell mixing is observed on the dorsal side of the region of secondary neurulation. (4) The posterior midline of the sinus rhomboidalis gives rise to somitic mesoderm and not to spinal cord. Moreover, mesodermal progenitors are spatially arranged along the rest of the primitive streak, more caudal cells giving rise to more lateral embryonic structures. Together with the results reported in our study of tail bud development (Catala, M., Teillet, M.-A. and Le Douarin, N.M. (1995). Mech. Dev. 51, 51–65), these results show that the mechanisms that preside at axial elongation from the 6-somite stage onwards are fundamentally similar during the complete process of neurulation.

trkC, a receptor for neurotrophin-3, is widely expressed in the developing nervous system and in non-neuronal tissues

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tessarollo ◽  
P. Tsoulfas ◽  
D. Martin-Zanca ◽  
D.J. Gilbert ◽  
N.A. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Trk Receptor ◽  
Neurotrophin 3 ◽  
Neuronal Tissues

The Trk family of tyrosine kinases encodes receptors for nerve growth factor-related neurotrophins. Here we present a developmental expression study of trkC, which encodes a receptor for neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). Like the related genes, trk and trkB, trkC is expressed primarily in neural lineages although the pattern is complex and includes non-neuronal cells. Direct comparison with trk and trkB developmental expression patterns permits the following observations. (1) trkC is expressed in novel neural tissues where other Trk genes are silent. (2) Some tissues appear to coexpress trkB and trkC receptors in the embryo and in the adult. (3) trkC expression can be detected in the gastrulating embryo. These data provide insights into the role of Trk-family receptors and nerve growth factor-related neurotrophins during development and suggest that, in addition to regulating neuronal survival and differentiation, the neurotrophin/Trk receptor system may have broader physiological effects. Finally, interspecific mouse backcrosses have been used to map the location of each of the Trk genes on mouse chromosomes. Alignment with available chromosomal maps identify possible linkage between the Trk genes and known neurological mutations.

Eph signalling functions downstream of Val to regulate cell sorting and boundary formation in the caudal hindbrain

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cooke ◽  
C. Moens ◽  
L. Roth ◽  
L. Durbin ◽  
K. Shiomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor ◽  
Boundary Formation ◽  
Spatial Regulation ◽  
Genetic Mosaic ◽  
Mosaic Approach ◽  
Mediate Cell ◽  
Neural Crest Migration ◽  
Mutant Cells

Rhombomeres are segmental units of the developing vertebrate hindbrain that underlie the reiterated organisation of cranial neural crest migration and neuronal differentiation. valentino (val), a zebrafish homologue of the mouse bzip transcription factor-encoding gene, kreisler, is required for segment boundary formation caudal to rhombomere 4 (r4). val is normally expressed in r5/6 and is required for cells to contribute to this region. In val(−) mutants, rX, a region one rhombomere in length and of mixed identity, lies between r4 and r7. While a number of genes involved in establishing rhombomeric identity are known, it is still largely unclear how segmental integrity is established and boundaries are formed. Members of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands, the ephrins, are candidates for functioning in rhombomere boundary formation. Indeed, expression of the receptor ephB4a coincides with val in r5/6, whilst ephrin-B2a, which encodes a ligand for EphB4a, is expressed in r4 and r7, complementary to the domain of val expression. Here we show that in val(−) embryos, ephB4a expression is downregulated and ephrin-B2a expression is upregulated between r4 and r7, indicating that Val is normally required to establish the mutually exclusive expression domains of these two genes. We show that juxtaposition of ephB4a-expressing cells and ephrin-B2a-expressing cells in the hindbrain leads to boundary formation. Loss of the normal spatial regulation of eph/ephrin expression in val mutants correlates not only with absence of boundaries but also with the inability of mutant cells to contribute to wild-type r5/6. Using a genetic mosaic approach, we show that spatially inappropriate Eph signalling underlies the repulsion of val(−) cells from r5/6. We propose that Val controls eph expression and that interactions between EphB4a and Ephrin-B2a mediate cell sorting and boundary formation in the segmenting caudal hindbrain.

Regulation of expression of a sheep metallothionein 1a-sheep growth hormone fusion gene in transgenic mice

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 5473-5479
Author(s):  
C M Shanahan ◽  
N W Rigby ◽  
J D Murray ◽  
J T Marshall ◽  
C A Townrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Transgenic Livestock ◽  
Main Regulator

Transgenic mice containing a sheep metallothionein 1a-sheep growth hormone fusion gene exhibited low, tissue-specific basal levels of transgene mRNA expression, resulting in slightly elevated levels of circulating growth hormone that did not lead to a detectable increase in growth. After zinc stimulation, high levels of transgene mRNA expression were induced in a number of tissues; these levels correlated with increased levels of circulating growth hormone, resulting in growth increases of up to 1.5 times the levels of controls and unstimulated transgenic mice. After removal of the zinc stimulus, transgene expression and circulating growth hormone concentrations returned to basal levels. Additional evidence from the pattern of developmental expression of the transgene suggests that zinc is the main regulator of this promoter in mice. The demonstrated regulation and low basal level of expression of the sheep metallothionein 1a promoter make it a candidate for use in other mouse transgenic studies and for use in transgenic livestock, in which regulation of expression is essential.

Regulation of dorsal-ventral patterning: the ventralizing effects of the novel Xenopus homeobox gene Vox

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1711-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Schmidt ◽  
G. von Dassow ◽  
D. Kimelman
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Early Developmental

The formation of the dorsal-ventral axis in Xenopus laevis is elicited by a signaling cascade on the dorsal side of the embryo initiated by cortical rotation. These early developmental events impart an initial axial polarity to the embryo. By the time gastrulation occurs, the embryo has established opposing dorsal and ventral regulatory regions. Through a dynamic process, the embryo acquires a definitive pattern that reflects the distribution of future cell fates. Here we present a novel homeobox gene, Vox, whose expression reflects this dynamic process. Vox is first expressed throughout the embryo and subsequently eliminated from the notochord and neural plate. Ectopic expression of Vox demonstrates that the normal function of this gene may be to suppress dorsal genes such as Xnot and chordin, and induce ventral and paraxial genes such as Bmp-4 and MyoD. Ectopic expression of BMP-4 ventralizes embryos and positively regulates the expression of Vox, suggesting that these genes are components of a reciprocal regulatory network.

scholarly journals Spatial regulation of signaling by the coordinated action of the protein tyrosine kinases MET and FER

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 100-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiali Zhang ◽  
Zuo Wang ◽  
Siwei Zhang ◽  
Yanxun Chen ◽  
Xuexue Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Protein Tyrosine ◽  
Spatial Regulation ◽  
Coordinated Action

Lateral hypothalamus: Early developmental expression and response to hypocretin (orexin)

2001 ◽  
Vol 433 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony N. Van Den Pol ◽  
Peter R. Patrylo ◽  
Prabhat K. Ghosh ◽  
Xiao-Bing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Early Developmental

Regulation of adhesion-related protein tyrosine kinases during in vitro differentiation of retinal pigment epithelial cells: translocation of pp60c-src to the nucleus is accompanied by downregulation of pp125FAK

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Moszczynska ◽  
Michal Opas
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Protein Tyrosine ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells

In the present report we show that induction of expression of a differentiated phenotype in cultured retinal pigmented epithelium of chick embryo is accompanied by coordinate regulation of expression and distribution of two adhesion-related nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases, pp60c-src and pp125FAK∙pp60c-src translocates from the cell surface in flat undifferentiated cells to the nucleus in the packed differentiated cells. In contrast, pp125FAK, abundant in focal adhesions of flat undifferentiated cells, is downregulated in cells that have differentiated and packed into an epithelial sheet.Key words: retinal pigment epithelium, retina, tyrosine kinases, adhesion, differentiation.

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