Perpendicular contact guidance of CNS neuroblasts on artificial microstructures

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
I. Nagata ◽  
A. Kawana ◽  
N. Nakatsuji
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Contact Guidance ◽  
Physical Surface ◽  
Perpendicular Orientation ◽  
Neurite Bundle ◽  
Surface Microstructures

Rodent CNS neuroblasts show parallel and perpendicular contact guidance behaviors on aligned neurite bundles in microexplant cultures (Nakatsuji, N. and Nagata, I. (1989) Development, 106, 441–447; N. I. and N. N. (1991) ibid., 112, 581–590). To test the hypothesis that the physical surface structure of the neurite bundle causes the perpendicular contact guidance, we cultured dissociated neuroblasts on quartz plates on which grating-like microstructures were fabricated by lithographic techniques. Various types of CNS neuroblasts, but not PNS neurons, oriented their processes and migrated both perpendicular and parallel to the axis of the microstructure. Perpendicular orientation was frequently observed when the microstructured grooves had depths between 0.3 micron and 0.8 micron and a width of 1 micron, which roughly mimics a tightly aligned neurite bundle. Thus, CNS neuroblasts have the ability to extend their processes and migrate perpendicular to aligned surface microstructures.

scholarly journals Physical Structure Induced Hydrophobicity Analyzed from Electrospinning and Coating Polyvinyl Butyral Films

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Guo-Sai Liu ◽  
Hong-Wei He ◽  
Cheng-Feng Zhou ◽  
Xu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Surface Wettability ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Physical Surface ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Surface wettability of a film plays a critical role in its practical applications. To control the surface wettability, modification on the physical surface structures has been a useful method. In this paper, we reported the controlling physical surface structure of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) films by different film-forming methods, spin-coating, bar-coating, and electrospinning. The wettability of these PVB films was examined, and the surface morphologies and roughness were investigated. The results indicated that coating PVB films were hydrophilic, while electrospun films were hydrophobic. The physical surface structure was the key role on the interesting transition of their surface wettability. Theoretical analyses on these results found that the coating PVB films showed different mechanism with electrospun ones. These results may help to find the way to control the PVB film surface wettability and then guide for applications.

scholarly journals Microstructural Surface Properties of Drifting Seeds—A Model for Non-Toxic Antifouling Solutions

Biomimetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Clasen ◽  
Antonia B. Kesel
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
Microstructured Surface ◽  
Marine Industry ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Surface Microstructures ◽  
Microstructural Surface ◽  
Structure Properties

A major challenge in the shipping and marine industry is the biofouling on under water surfaces. So far, biocides have been the main remedy for the prevention of the adhesion of microorganisms that is also influenced by surface topography. In recent years, research projects have explored microstructured surfaces as a non-toxic antifouling strategy. In this study, physical factors of surfaces of seeds of 43 plant species were analyzed with regards to their antifouling effects. After exposure to cold water of the North Sea during the swarming periods of the barnacles larvae, the surface microstructures of seeds without fouling of barnacles were identified and compared with each other, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In order to validate the findings, selected microstructured surface structure properties were transferred to technical surfaces with a 2-component silicon system and subjected to the same conditions. The results of the analyses confirmed that drifting seeds with specific microstructural surface structure properties promote biofouling defense of epibionts. These results serve as a starting point for the development of non-toxic antifouling agents based on the interaction of microstructures and geometric shapes.

Rodent CNS neuroblasts exhibit both perpendicular and parallel contact guidance on the aligned parallel neurite bundle

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-590
Author(s):  
I. Nagata ◽  
N. Nakatsuji
Keyword(s):  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule Cells ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Contact Guidance ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Cerebellar Granule ◽  
Neurite Bundle ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Time Lapse Video

Mouse cerebellar granule cells showed two types of migration behavior in microexplant cultures. They first migrated along their neurites, showing the typical contact guidance, and then oriented themselves at right angles to the parallel neurites, thus exhibiting the ‘perpendicular contact guidance’ (Nakatsuji, N. and Nagata, I. 1989 Development, 106, 441–447). To study whether other neurons have the capacity to show similar ‘perpendicular contact guidance’, we cultured dissociated neuroblasts from various parts of CNS or PNS on parallel neurite bundles. The PNS neuroblasts always extended their processes parallel to the neurite bundle. In contrast, almost all kinds of CNS neuroblasts tested oriented their processes both perpendicular and parallel to the neurite bundles that were all free of glia. Time-lapse video recording revealed that neuroblasts migrated in both directions. Thus, CNS neuroblasts possess the capacity to migrate and extend their processes at right angles to the substratum of heterotypic neurite bundles, which may play an important role in histogenesis of the CNS during development.

Bactericidal mechanism of nanopatterned surfaces

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1311-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlei Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Physical Surface ◽  
Bactericidal Mechanism

Cicada wing-like nanopatterned surfaces can kill bacteria on contact based on their physical surface structure.

Guidance of CNS growth cones by substratum grooves and ridges: effects of inhibitors of the cytoskeleton, calcium channels and signal transduction pathways

1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (23) ◽  
pp. 2915-2924 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rajnicek ◽  
C. McCaig
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Protein Kinase A ◽  
Growth Cone ◽  
Contact Guidance ◽  
Perpendicular Orientation ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Kinase A

We exploited our observation that embryonic Xenopus spinal neurites align parallel to grooves in a quartz surface and that embryonic rat hippocampal neurites align perpendicular to shallow, narrow grooves (see companion paper: A. M. Rajnicek, S. Britland and C. D. McCaig, 1997) (J. Cell Sci. 110, 2905–2913) to investigate the mechanism of growth cone contact guidance. Substratum topography affected the pattern of growth cone filopodia and microtubules but parallel orientation of Xenopus neurites and perpendicular orientation of hippocampal neurites were unperturbed by cytochalasin B, which virtually eliminated filopodia. Hippocampal growth cone orientation and turning in response to grooves was unaffected by disruption of microtubules using taxol or nocodazole. Gross cytoskeletal reorganization on grooved substrata was therefore not required for growth cone steering. Inhibitors were used to identify the signal transduction pathway for perpendicular alignment of hippocampal neurites. Alignment persisted in the presence of gadolinium chloride, a blocker of stretch-activated calcium channels, the G protein inhibitor pertussis toxin, the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, the protein kinase A and G inhibitor HA1004, the protein kinase A inhibitor KT5720and the protein kinase G inhibitor KT5823. Low concentrations of the protein kinase C inhibitors stauro-sporine, bisindolylmaleimide or H-7 did not affect perpendicular orientation but higher concentrations inhibited it. The calcium channel blockers flunarizine, nifedipine and diltiazem also inhibited perpendicular orientation. Influx of calcium and protein kinase C activity therefore appear to be involved in perpendicular contact guidance.

Surface Structure of the Spores of Glugea Weissenbergi

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
Sanford H. Vernick ◽  
Anastasios Tousimis ◽  
Victor Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Mature Spore ◽  
Spore Surface ◽  
Sectioned Material ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Surface Detail

Recent electron microscope studies have greatly expanded our knowledge of the structure of the Microsporida, particularly of the developing and mature spore. Since these studies involved mainly sectioned material, they have revealed much internal detail of the spores but relatively little surface detail. This report concerns observations on the spore surface by means of the transmission electron microscope.

Surface Structure of Nucleated Animal Cells: Carbon Replicas

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser ◽  
Thea B. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
Carbon Replica ◽  
Characteristic Particle ◽  
Cell Surface Structure ◽  
Carbon Replicas

The carbon-replica technique can be used to obtain information about cell-surface structure that cannot ordinarily be obtained by thin-section techniques. Mammalian erythrocytes have been studied by the replica technique and they appear to be characterized by a pebbly or “plaqued“ surface texture. The characteristic “particle” diameter is about 200 Å to 400 Å. We have now extended our observations on cell-surface structure to chicken and frog erythrocytes, which possess a broad range of cellular functions, and to normal rat lymphocytes and mouse ascites tumor cells, which are capable of cell division. In these experiments fresh cells were washed in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium Salt Solution (for suspension cultures) and one volume of a 10% cell suspension was added to one volume of 2% OsO4 or 5% gluteraldehyde in 0.067 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.3. Carbon replicas were obtained by a technique similar to that employed by Glaeser et al. Figure 1 shows an electron micrograph of a carbon replica made from a chicken erythrocyte, and Figure 2 shows an enlarged portion of the same cell.

High resolution surface structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
S. S. Breese ◽  
H. L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Models for the structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been proposed from chemical and physical measurements (Brown, et al., 1970; Talbot and Brown, 1972; Strohmaier and Adam, 1976) and from rotational image-enhancement electron microscopy (Breese, et al., 1965). In this report we examine the surface structure of FMDV particles by high resolution electron microscopy and compare it with that of particles in which the outermost capsid protein VP3 (ca. 30, 000 daltons) has been split into smaller segments, two of which VP3a and VP3b have molecular weights of about 15, 000 daltons (Bachrach, et al., 1975).Highly purified and concentrated type A12, strain 119 FMDV (5 mg/ml) was prepared as previously described (Bachrach, et al., 1964) and stored at 4°C in 0. 2 M KC1-0. 5 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7. 5. For electron microscopy, 1. 0 ml samples of purified virus and trypsin-treated virus were dialyzed at 4°C against 0. 2 M NH4OAC at pH 7. 3, deposited onto carbonized formvar-coated copper screens and stained with phosphotungstic acid, pH 7. 3.

Examination of Schistosome Cercariae and Schistosomules by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
D. Johnson ◽  
P. Moriearty
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Conventional Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Since several species of Schistosoma, or blood fluke, parasitize man, these trematodes have been subjected to extensive study. Light microscopy and conventional electron microscopy have yielded much information about the morphology of the various stages; however, scanning electron microscopy has been little utilized for this purpose. As the figures demonstrate, scanning microscopy is particularly helpful in studying at high resolution characteristics of surface structure, which are important in determining host-parasite relationships.

Profile Imaging of Silicon Surface Reconstructions

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
O.L. Krivanek ◽  
G.J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Silicon Surface ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Surface Reconstructions ◽  
Bulk Structure ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy at 0.2nm point-to-point resolution, 10-10 torr specimei region vacuum and facilities for in-situ specimen cleaning presents intere; ing possibilities for surface structure determination. Three methods for examining the surfaces are available: reflection (REM), transmission (TEM) and profile imaging. Profile imaging is particularly useful because it giv good resolution perpendicular as well as parallel to the surface, and can therefore be used to determine the relationship between the surface and the bulk structure.

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