A transgene containing lacZ is expressed in primary sensory neurons in zebrafish

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Bayer ◽  
J.A. Campos-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Transgenic Fish ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Reporter Construct ◽  
Lacz Expression ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Rous Sarcoma ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

In order to screen for developmentally active chromosomal domains during zebrafish embryogenesis, we generated transgenic fish by microinjecting two different lacZ reporter constructs into fertilized eggs. Transgenic fish were screened among the progeny of injected fish (F0) crossed to non-injected fish. Groups of 15 to 20 progeny of each cross were tested for lacZ expression and/or transmission of injected sequences using PCR and Southern hybridizations. Progeny from 2 of 102 fish injected with supercoiled constructs containing Rous sarcoma virus promoter sequences showed apparently spatially regulated beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) activity. However, we were not able to detect this reporter construct in DNA from fins of F1 fish. Injections of a linear reporter construct containing mouse heat-shock promoter sequences revealed transmission of injected sequences to F1 progeny in about 6% of cases (8 of 129 fish, tested with PCR). We found one lacZ-expressing line that showed a spatially and temporally restricted expression of lacZ and, therefore, features typical characteristics of “enhancer trap” lines. In this line, lacZ expression starts at 16 hours post-fertilization in trigeminal ganglion cells. At about 24 hours lacZ expression can be detected in trigeminal ganglion neurons and Rohon-Beard neurons, indicating that the development of these two cell types shows common features. The reporter gene has integrated as a single copy. The founder fish was mosaic: 19% of its offspring (3 of 16 tested animals) carried the reporter construct in their fins; about 51% (13 of 27 tested animals) of the progeny of F1 fish were beta-Gal positive indicating full hemizygosity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Capsaicin and nicotine both activate a subset of rat trigeminal ganglion neurons

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (6) ◽  
pp. C1807-C1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Liu ◽  
S. A. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Current Voltage Relationship ◽  
Voltage Relationship

Nicotine and capsaicin produce many similar physiological responses that include pain, irritation, and vasodilation. To determine whether neuronal nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are present on capsaicin-sensitive neurons, whole cell patch-clamp recordings were performed on rat trigeminal ganglion cells. It was found that approximately 20% of the total number of neurons tested was activated by both 100 microM nicotine and 1 nM capsaicin. Other subsets of neurons were activated by only one of these compounds, whereas a fourth subset was not activated by either compound. At -60 mV, the magnitude of the capsaicin-activated currents was about three times larger than the magnitude of the nicotine-activated currents. The current-voltage relationship of the nAChR exhibited marked rectification, such that for voltages > or = 0 mV the current was essentially zero. In contrast, the current-voltage relationship of the capsaicin-activated current was ohmic from +/- 60 mV. These data indicate the existence of subsets of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons.

Increase of Galanin in Trigeminal Ganglion during Tooth Movement

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 658-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Deguchi ◽  
T. Yabuuchi ◽  
R. Ando ◽  
H. Ichikawa ◽  
T. Sugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Pain Transmission ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Experimental Tooth Movement

It is known that nerve fibers containing neuropeptides such as galanin increase in the periodontal ligament during experimental tooth movement. However, the origin of galanin-containing nerve fibers in the periodontal ligament remains unclear. This study was conducted to examine our hypothesis that the increased galanin nerve fibers have a sensory neuronal origin, and that the peptide is associated with pain transmission and/or periodontal ligament remodeling during experimental tooth movement. In control rats, galanin-immunoreactive trigeminal ganglion cells were very rare and were observed predominantly in small ganglion cells. After 3 days of experimental tooth movement, galanin-immunoreactive trigeminal ganglion cells significantly increased, and the most marked increase was observed at 5 days after experimental tooth movement. Furthermore, their cell size spectrum also significantly changed after 3 and 5 days of movement: Medium-sized and large trigeminal ganglion cells began expressing, and continued to express, galanin until 14 days after experimental tooth movement. These findings suggest that the increase of galanin in the periodontal ligament during experimental tooth movement at least partially originates from trigeminal ganglion neurons and may play a role in pain transmission and/or periodontal remodeling.

scholarly journals Higher resistance of porcine trigeminal ganglion neurons towards pseudorabies virus-induced cell death compared with other porcine cell types in vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 1251-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Geenen ◽  
Herman W. Favoreel ◽  
Hans J. Nauwynck
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Porcine Cell ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons are important target cells for many alphaherpesviruses, constituting major sites for latency/reactivation events. Here, the in vitro kinetics of productive infection of the swine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) and resulting cell death in primary porcine TG neurons were determined, and these were compared with similar kinetics in many other porcine cell types. Confocal microscopy showed that all TG neurons expressed late genes such as viral glycoproteins, and that these glycoproteins were processed through the Golgi and reached the cell surface as in other cell types, albeit with a delay of ±2–6 h. However, TG neurons were much more resistant towards PRV-induced cell death compared with all other porcine cell types tested (non-neuronal TG cells, superior cervical ganglion neurons, epithelial kidney cells, arterial endothelial cells, dermal fibroblasts and cells derived from a porcine swine kidney cell line). About half of the TG neurons survived up to 96 h post-inoculation (end of experiment), whereas all other cell types almost completely succumbed within 2 days post-inoculation. In addition, infection with a strongly pro-apoptotic PRV strain that misses the anti-apoptotic US3 protein did not lead to substantial apoptosis in TG neurons, even at 72 h post-inoculation. Thus, primary porcine TG neurons can be infected with PRV in vitro, and are remarkably more resistant to PRV-induced cell death compared with other porcine cell types, suggesting a cell type-specific resistance to alphaherpesvirus-induced cell death that may have important implications for different aspects of the virus life cycle, including latency/reactivation events.

scholarly journals Combined Vital Dye Labelling and Catecholamine Histofluorescence of Transplanted Ciliary Ganglion Cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Sechrist ◽  
James N. Coulombe ◽  
Marianne Bronner-Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Soma Size ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

We have utilized the carbocyanine dye, DiI, to label suspensions of dissociated ciliary ganglion cells removed from 6 to 12 day old quail embryos. Some of the cells were injected into the trunk somites of 2.5 - 3 day old chick embryos along pathways where neural crest cells migrate to form sensory and sympathetic ganglia, aortic plexuses and the adrenal medulla; the remainder of the cells were cultured to check their viability and the persistence of the DiI label. Embryos were incubated for 1 – 8 days post-injection, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde/0.25% glutaraldehyde and processed for cryostat sectioning. DiI-labelled cells were readily identifiable in culture and in sections of embryos at all stages examined. Several cell types were identified, based on their morphology and soma size. These included cells with large cell bodies and bright DiI-labelling that appeared to be neurons and smaller, more weakly labelled cells that appeared non-neuronal. The latter presumably had divided several times, accounting for their reduced levels of dye. Many of the DiI-labelled cells were found in and around neural crest-derived sympathetic ganglia, aortic plexuses and adrenomedullary cords, but were rarely observed in dorsal root ganglia. The aldehyde fixative (Faglu mixture) used in this study reacts with catecholamines to form a bright reaction product in adrenergic cells including those in the sympathetic ganglia and the adrenal medulla. The catecholamine biproduct and the DiI in the same cell can easily be viewed with different fluorescent filter sets. A variable number of the DiI-labelled cells in these adrenergic sites contained catecholamines. Cells derived from younger 6 day ciliary ganglion dissociates exhibited detectable catecholamine neurotransmitters earlier and more frequently than those derived from 8 day embryos. The presence of cells exhibiting both bright DiI and catecholamine fluorescence is consistent with previous indications that post-mitotic ciliary ganglion neurons can undergo phenotypic conversion from cholinergic to adrenergic when transplanted to the trunk environment.

scholarly journals In-depth transcriptomic analysis of human retina reveals molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolja Becker ◽  
Holger Klein ◽  
Eric Simon ◽  
Coralie Viollet ◽  
Christian Haslinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Disease Stages ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractDiabetic Retinopathy (DR) is among the major global causes for vision loss. With the rise in diabetes prevalence, an increase in DR incidence is expected. Current understanding of both the molecular etiology and pathways involved in the initiation and progression of DR is limited. Via RNA-Sequencing, we analyzed mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of 80 human post-mortem retinal samples from 43 patients diagnosed with various stages of DR. We found differentially expressed transcripts to be predominantly associated with late stage DR and pathways such as hippo and gap junction signaling. A multivariate regression model identified transcripts with progressive changes throughout disease stages, which in turn displayed significant overlap with sphingolipid and cGMP–PKG signaling. Combined analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression further uncovered disease-relevant miRNA/mRNA associations as potential mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation. Finally, integrating human retinal single cell RNA-Sequencing data revealed a continuous loss of retinal ganglion cells, and Müller cell mediated changes in histidine and β-alanine signaling. While previously considered primarily a vascular disease, attention in DR has shifted to additional mechanisms and cell-types. Our findings offer an unprecedented and unbiased insight into molecular pathways and cell-specific changes in the development of DR, and provide potential avenues for future therapeutic intervention.

Effects of WIN 55, 212-2 onI K current in cultured trigeminal ganglion neurons of rat

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-126
Author(s):  
Ming Zhangyin ◽  
Tan Yan ◽  
Fu Hui ◽  
Cao Xuehong ◽  
Pan Jianping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
K Current ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Win 55

scholarly journals Spatial receptive field properties of rat retinal ganglion cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALTER F. HEINE ◽  
CHRISTOPHER L. PASSAGLIA
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
X And Y Cells ◽  
Y Cells

AbstractThe rat is a popular animal model for vision research, yet there is little quantitative information about the physiological properties of the cells that provide its brain with visual input, the retinal ganglion cells. It is not clear whether rats even possess the full complement of ganglion cell types found in other mammals. Since such information is important for evaluating rodent models of visual disease and elucidating the function of homologous and heterologous cells in different animals, we recorded from rat ganglion cells in vivo and systematically measured their spatial receptive field (RF) properties using spot, annulus, and grating patterns. Most of the recorded cells bore likeness to cat X and Y cells, exhibiting brisk responses, center-surround RFs, and linear or nonlinear spatial summation. The others resembled various types of mammalian W cell, including local-edge-detector cells, suppressed-by-contrast cells, and an unusual type with an ON–OFF surround. They generally exhibited sluggish responses, larger RFs, and lower responsiveness. The peak responsivity of brisk-nonlinear (Y-type) cells was around twice that of brisk-linear (X-type) cells and several fold that of sluggish cells. The RF size of brisk-linear and brisk-nonlinear cells was indistinguishable, with average center and surround diameters of 5.6 ± 1.3 and 26.4 ± 11.3 deg, respectively. In contrast, the center diameter of recorded sluggish cells averaged 12.8 ± 7.9 deg. The homogeneous RF size of rat brisk cells is unlike that of cat X and Y cells, and its implication regarding the putative roles of these two ganglion cell types in visual signaling is discussed.

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