EP-cadherin in muscles and epithelia of Xenopus laevis embryos

EP-cadherin is a novel Xenopus Ca+2-dependent adhesion molecule, which shares comparable homology with mouse E- and P-cadherins (Ginsberg, De Simone and Geiger; 1991, Development 111, 315–325). We report here the patterns of expression of this molecule in Xenopus laevis embryos at different developmental stages ranging from cleavage to postmetamorphic. EP-cadherin is already expressed in the oocyte and egg and can then be detected in close association with the membrane of all blastomeres up to late blastula stages. Starting at late gastrula stages, the level of EP-cadherin expression increases sharply in non-neural ectodermal cells, in the somites and in the notochord; it persists in endodermal cells and decreases rapidly in all migratory cells. During neurulation the level of EP-cadherin expression declines gradually in the nervous system and is undetectable here throughout later development except in the optic nerve and in the neural part of the olfactory organ. This pattern continues during later development so that in the tailbud stage and up to metamorphosis the most prominent staining is detected in the epidermis and skeletal muscle. After metamorphosis, the molecule gradually disappears from the muscle tissue and the major site of expression remains the skin. EP-cadherin is invariably present in close association with the cell membrane. In the muscle it is associated with the sarcolemma at regions of myoblast-myoblast or myotube-myotube contact. In epidermal cells, EP-cadherin is usually coexpressed with E-cadherin. Yet, while E-cadherin staining is always restricted to the basolateral aspects of the cells, EP-cadherin is often distributed throughout the plasmalemma including the apical surface.