Experimental Studies on the Origin of the Cartilage of the Auditory Capsule and Columella in Ambystoma

Development ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-473
Author(s):  
M. J. Toerien
Keyword(s):  
Nile Blue ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Auditory Capsule

On the basis of earlier experimental results on amphibia and his own observations, Yntema (1955) came to the conclusion that the ‘ear rudiment or the ectoderm surrounding it may be a source of mesectoderm for the ear capsule, at least in the heterotopic position’. This is contrary to another view that the source of the cartilaginous ear capsule is of purely mesentodermal origin. The literature pertaining to these two points of view is reviewed by Yntema (1955) and Benoit (1957). The purpose of the present investigation is to study further the extent of the ectomesenchymal contribution to the auditory capsule in the orthotopic position. Ambystoma punctatum larvae were raised from eggs sent to this institute by Mr Glenn Gentry of Donelson, Tennessee. Some of the eggs were stained with Nile blue sulphate according to the method described by Detwiler (1917).

Structural Response and Remaining Life of Damaged Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Dalbir Singh ◽  
C. Ganesan ◽  
A. Rajaraman
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Design Effectiveness ◽  
Remaining Life Assessment

Composites are being used in variety of applications ranging from defense and aircraft structures, where usage is profuse, to vehicle structures and even for repair and rehabilitation. Most of these composites are made of different laminates glued together with matrix for binding and now-a-days fibers of different types are embedded in a composite matrix. The characterizations of material properties of composites are mostly experimental with analytical modeling used to simulate the system behavior. But many times, the composites develop damage or distress in the form of cracking while they are in service and this adds a different dimension as one has to evaluate the response with the damage so that its performance during its remaining life is satisfactory. This is the objective of the present study where a hybrid approach using experimental results on damaged specimens and then analytical finite element are used to evaluate response. This will considerably help in remaining life assessment-RLA- for composites with damage so that design effectiveness with damage could be assessed. This investigation has been carried out on a typical composite with carbon fiber reinforcements, manufactured by IPCL Baroda (India) with trade name INDCARF-30. Experimental studies were conducted on undamaged and damaged specimens to simulate normal continuous loading and discontinuous loading-and-unloading states in actual systems. Based on the experimental results, material characterization inputs are taken and analytical studies were carried out using ANSYS to assess the response under linear and nonlinear material behavior to find the stiffness decay. Using stiffness decay RLA was computed and curves are given to bring the influence of type of damage and load at which damage had occurred.

Experimental Studies on Cooling Effectiveness of the Double-Decker Air Jet Impingement With Film Outflow

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junkui Mao ◽  
Wen Guo ◽  
Zhenxiong Liu ◽  
Jun Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Double Decker ◽  
Wide Range

Experiments were carried out to investigate the cooling effectiveness of a lamellar double-decker impingement/effusion structure. Infrared radiation (I.R.) thermal camera was used to measure the temperature on the outside surface of the lamellar double-decker. Experimental results were obtained for a wide range of governing parameters (blowing rate M (0.0017∼0.0066), the ratio of the jet impingement distance to the diameter of film hole H/D (0.5∼1.25), the ratio of the distance between the jet hole and film hole to the diameter of the film hole P/D (0, 3, 4), and the material of double-decker (Steel and Copper)). It was observed that the local cooling effectiveness η varies with all these parameters in a complicated way. All the results show that higher cooling effectiveness η is achieved in larger blowing rate cases. A certain range of H/D and P/D can be designed to result in the maximum cooling effectiveness η. And η is less sensitive to the material type compared with those parameters such as H/D, M and P/D.

Application of Biofilm Kinetics to Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Gönenç ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors

Two basic phenomena, reactor hydraulics and mass transport through biofilm coupled with kinetic expressions for substrate transformations were accounted for in order to describe the soluble COD removal mechanism in anaerobic fixed bed reactors. To provide necessary verification, experimental results from the long term operation of the pilot scale anaerobic reactor treating molasses wastewater were used. Theoretical evaluations verified by these experimental studies showed that a bulk zero-order removal rate expression modified by diffusional resistance leading to bulk half-order and first-order rates together with the particular hydraulic conditions could adequately define the overall soluble COD removal mechanism in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor. The experimental results were also used to determine the kinetic constants for practical application. In view of the complexity of the phenomena involved it is found remarkable that a simple simulation model based on biofilm kinetics is a powerful tool for design and operation of anaerobic fixed bed reactors.

UNEXPECTED BEHAVIOR IN THE CROSSING OF MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL BEAMS

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (27) ◽  
pp. 1403-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. ALLARIA ◽  
R. MEUCCI ◽  
D. MUGNAI ◽  
A. RANFAGNI ◽  
C. RANFAGNI
Keyword(s):  
Lorentz Invariance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Light Velocity ◽  
Broken Lorentz Invariance ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Optical Beams ◽  
Definite Solution ◽  
Unexpected Behavior

The question of the superluminal speed of information was stopped at crossroads in the last few years. According to one point of view, this speed must be limited to the light velocity in vacuum, whereas a different point of view is more open in this respect and, under specific conditions, this limit is considered surmountable. Very recently, a third approach (based on the hypothesis of a local broken Lorentz-invariance) was proposed and, if confirmed, would go beyond the controversy of the two points of view mentioned above. It is therefore worthwhile to recall attention to this problem, which is far from having a definite solution. The present paper reports some experimental results (similar to those of Ref. 1) which can contribute to these discussions, and also considers the fact that they seem to give some support to the aforesaid third approach, although revised in terms of decaying waves.

Application of Additives in 1,8-Cineole Purification

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 382-385
Author(s):  
Ke Guo Liu ◽  
Li Li Gu ◽  
Hui Guang Hu ◽  
Rong Yang ◽  
Jun Tao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Batch Distillation ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Vacuum Degree

The experimental studies for purification of 1,8-cineole by vacuum batch distillation as well as the application of additives in 1,8-cineole purification were carried out. There were two steps during the purification. In the first step, experimental results showed that the optimal operation conditions for purification of 1,8-cineole were the temperature of the reboiler at about 320.15 K under a certain vacuum degree. In the second step, the optimal operation temperature of the reboiler was 331.15 K. The optimal reflux ratio was generated finally. Vacuum degree was controlled between 1.1 kPa and 1.3 kPa.

Theoretical and experimental studies of the oil film in lubricated point contact

1966 ◽  
Vol 291 (1427) ◽  
pp. 520-536 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Point Contacts ◽  
Previous Theory ◽  
Oil Film

A technique using Newton’s rings for mapping the oil film of lubricated point contacts is described. A theoretical value for the film thickness of such contacts in elastohydrodynamic lubrication is derived. The experimental results give the exit constriction predicted by previous theory but never shown in detail. The comparison of theoretical and experimental oil film thicknesses, which is satisfactorily accurate, gives strong evidence for a viscous surface layer some 1000Å thick. This film agrees with the known ‘lubricating power’ of the various oils tested.

Research of stamping of unequal channel bars. Part 5. Methods for calculating the extrusion of channels. 2. Extrusion of non-strengthening material

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
A.L. Vorontsov
Keyword(s):  
Plane Strain ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Die Forging

The results of experimental studies on the extrusion of channels from non-strengthening material are presented. Comparison of theoretical calculations with experimental results showed the high accuracy of the derived formulas. Keywords: die forging, extrusion, punch, matrix, misalignment, plane strain. [email protected]

MEASUREMENT OF CRACK DEPTH LOCATED UNDER REINFORCEMENT IN REINFORCED CONCRETE SPECIMENS USING ULTRASONIC METHOD

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1019-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANG-KYUN WOO ◽  
YOUNG-CHUL SONG ◽  
HONG-CHUL RHIM
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Wave Diffraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Depth Estimation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Inclined Surface

The objective of this study is to determine crack depth located under reinforcement in concrete specimens using ultrasonic method. Experimental studies were performed on concrete specimens containing vertical and inclined surface-opening cracks with known depths. Experimental results have shown that the crack depth can be effectively measured when the distance between the probes is less than the crack depth. The effect of reinforcement on crack depth estimation is studied through a model by considering P-wave diffraction at the tip of crack and reinforcement. In addition, experimental results show that the ultrasonic method is one of useful methods to evaluate the crack depth in reinforced concrete.

scholarly journals Flexural Toughness of High-Performance Concrete with Basalt and Polypropylene Short Fibres

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Smarzewski
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Polypropylene Fibre ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Flexural Toughness ◽  
Hybrid Fibre ◽  
Short Fibres ◽  
Flexural Tests

In this work, an investigation is made to evaluate the flexural toughness of hybrid fibre-reinforced high-performance concrete (HPC) containing different combinations of basalt (B) and polypropylene (P) fibres. The experimental studies consisted of the three-point flexural tests on notched beam specimens. The specimens incorporated basalt/polypropylene (BP) fibres in 11 mixtures with proportions of 0/0, 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100% by volume at total volume fractions of 1 and 2%. The evaluation of the experimental results was done according to the CECS 13:2009 and PCS (postcrack strength) methods. The results indicate that high-performance concrete containing basalt/polypropylene fibre mixtures of 50/50% and with only polypropylene fibre content of 0/100% can be pronounced as the most appropriate combinations to be used in high-performance concrete for flexural toughness.

Fluid Flow Through Randomly Packed Monodisperse Fibers: The Kozeny-Carman Parameter Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Rahli ◽  
L. Tadrist ◽  
M. Miscevic ◽  
R. Santini
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Flow Through Porous Media ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
A Value ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Permeability Increase

Experimental studies have been carried out on fluid flow through porous media made up of randomly packed monodisperse fibers. The permeability and the Kozeny-Carman parameter kk are deduced from experimental results. The variations of the permeability increase exponentially with the porosity. The parameter kk is a decreasing function of the porosity ε and tends asymptotically to a value close to that deduced from a modified Ergun relation. The important decrease, observed for small aspect ratios, is certainly an effect of the cut sections of fibers. The results in terms of parameter kk are systematically compared to those deduced from various theoretical models. The variation laws of the parameter kk, deduced from different models, present important discrepancies with our experimental results.

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