Abortive development in the crested newt Triturus cristatus

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Marker Chromosome ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Subsequent Evolution ◽  
Triturus Cristatus ◽  
Recessive Lethal ◽  
Crested Newt ◽  
Chromosome Variant ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Lethal Factors

Crested newts exhibit a balanced lethal system which causes development to abort in 50% of tailbud embryos. The main features of arrested embryos are described, shown to be constant in a range of culture conditions and found to be unchanged by parabiosis or extirpation of the central nervous system or heart. Two categories of abortive embryos can be distinguished in some spawnings. A corresponding segregation of an easily identified marker chromosome confirms previous reports that chromosome 1 carries the recessive lethal factors. The marker chromosome is tentatively associated with the blistered form of abortive embryo. Two possible modes of origin for the balanced lethal system are discussed, either from ancestral autosomes or from sex chromosomes. The latter is favoured because it involves fewer assumptions. The subsequent evolution of the system should inevitably lead to progressively earlier embryonic mortality by an accumulation of multiple recessive lethal factors on each chromosome variant.

scholarly journals Establishing Cell Lines from Fresh or Cryopreserved Tissue from the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus): A Preliminary Protocol

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Julie Strand ◽  
Henrik Callesen ◽  
Cino Pertoldi ◽  
Stig Purup
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Triturus Cristatus ◽  
Real Time Measurement ◽  
Crested Newt ◽  
Media Change

This study describes a successful protocol for establishing cell lines from the threatened Triturus cristatus in terms of collection, preparing, establishing, cryopreserving, thawing and quality checking. Different parameters such as media, media change, fresh vs. cryopreserved tissue and seeding density were tested to optimize culture conditions for this species. With fresh tissue, no considerable differences in the use of two different media were found, but with cryopreserved tissue, a combination of ITS (insulin/transferrin/selenite) and 2-mercaptoethanol had a positive effect on growth. Real-time measurements on the cell lines were used, for the first time in amphibian cells, to investigate the effect of different treatments such as media change with or without washing. Media change had a positive impact on the cells, whereas the effect was negative when combined with washing. It is concluded that establishment of cell lines is possible from the great crested newt, especially when using fresh tissue, but much more challenging if the tissue has been cryopreserved. Real-time measurement during cell culture is a useful tool to visualize the sensitivity of amphibian cells during different culture treatments.

scholarly journals Geographic variation and taxonomy of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies): morphological and mitochondrial DNA data

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Arntzen ◽  
Graham P. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Direct Count ◽  
Triturus Cristatus ◽  
Trunk Length ◽  
Crested Newt ◽  
Haplotype Data ◽  
Mtdna Haplotype

Within the newt genus Triturus, the large-bodied species in the T. cristatus (crested newt) superspecies show an unusual degree of variation in relative trunk length as a result of among-taxon variation in interlimb vertebral count. Here we examine the systematic value of this feature as assessed by both exterior measurement (Wolterstorff Index) and direct radiographic count of rib-bearing vertebrae, with particular reference to a number of confounding factors (sex differences, hybridisation, geographic variation, allometry, preservation effects). Using our mtDNA haplotype data, which are largely concordant with geographic distribution of species, we find that direct count ofthe rib-bearing vertebrae performs more reliably (14% misclassification) than external measurement (31% misclassification) as a species identifier. We therefore recommend this feature as a taxonomic tool, although (like external measurement) it breaks down near hybrid zones. To account for the observed biogeographicalpattern and phenotype-genotype discrepancies, a scenario is presented that combines the movement of the contact zone between taxa with asymmetric hybridisation. This scenario applies to species interactions in eastern Yugoslavia and western France.

Prolactin and sexual behaviour in the crested newt (Triturus cristatus carnifex Laur.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malacarne Giorgio ◽  
Cristina Giacoma ◽  
Camillo Vellano ◽  
Valdo Mazzi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Triturus Cristatus ◽  
Crested Newt

scholarly journals The phylogeny of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies): nuclear and mitochondrial genetic characters suggest a hard polytomy, in line with the paleogeography of the centre of origin

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Arntzen ◽  
G. Espregueira Themudo ◽  
B. Wielstra
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Triturus Cristatus ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Crested Newt

Newts of the genus Triturus (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) are distributed across Europe and adjacent Asia. In spite of its prominence as a model system for evolutionary research, the phylogeny of Triturus has remained incompletely solved. Our aim was to rectify this situation, to which we employed nuclear encoded proteins (40 loci) and mitochondrial DNA-sequence data (mtDNA, 642 bp of the ND4 gene). We sampled up to four populations per species covering large parts of their ranges. Allozyme and mtDNA data were analyzed separately with parsimony, distance, likelihood and Bayesian methods of phylogenetic inference. Existing knowledge on taxonomic relationships was confirmed, including the monophyly of the genus and the groups of crested newts (four species) and marbled newts (two species). The genetic coherence of species and subspecies was also confirmed, but not always with high statistical support (depending on taxon, characters under consideration, and method of inference). In spite of our efforts we did not obtain sufficient phylogenetic signal to prefer one out of twelve potential topologies representing crested newts relationships. We hypothesize that the lack of phylogenetic resolution reflects a hard polytomy and represents the (near)-simultaneous origin of crested newt species. Using a calibration point of 24 Ma (million years before present) for the most recent common ancestor of Triturus-species, the crested newt radiation event is dated at 7-6 Ma (scenario 1) or at 11-10 Ma (scenario 2), depending on the application of an allozyme versus mtDNA molecular clock. The first biogeographical scenario involves the spread of crested newts from the central Balkans into four compass directions. This scenario cannot be brought into line with potential vicariance events for south-eastern Europe. The second scenario involves the more or less simultaneous origin of four species of crested newts through large-scale vicariance events and is supported by the paleogeographical reconstruction for the region at the end of the Middle Miocene. The subspecies Triturus carnifex macedonicus carries in one large area the mtDNA that is typical for the neighbouring species T. karelinii, which is attributed to introgression and a recent range shift. It is nevertheless a long distinct evolutionary lineage and we propose to elevate its taxonomic status to that of a species, i.e., from Triturus c. macedonicus (Karaman, 1922) to Triturus macedonicus (Karaman, 1922).

A further case with a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 1—evidence for high variability in mosaicism in different tissues of sSMC carriers

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 783-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Fickelscher ◽  
Heike Starke ◽  
Eberhard Schulze ◽  
Günther Ernst ◽  
Nadezda Kosyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marker Chromosome ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome ◽  
Different Tissues
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