scholarly journals Ripply3, a Tbx1 repressor, is required for development of the pharyngeal apparatus and its derivatives in mice

Development ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Okubo ◽  
A. Kawamura ◽  
J. Takahashi ◽  
H. Yagi ◽  
M. Morishima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharyngeal Apparatus

Diphascon (Diphascon) faialense sp. nov. a new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) from the Azores and a key to the species of the D. pingue group

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1589 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULO FONTOURA ◽  
GIOVANNI PILATO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Moss Sample ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Pharyngeal Apparatus ◽  
A New Species

A new tardigrade, Diphascon (Diphascon) faialense sp. nov., is described from a moss sample collected on Faial Island, the Azores. This species belongs to the Diphascon pingue group. It differs from all other species of the group mainly by quantitative characteristics of the bucco-pharyngeal apparatus and of the claws.

scholarly journals Single cell multi-omic analysis identifies a Tbx1-dependent multilineage primed population in the murine cardiopharyngeal mesoderm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Nomaru ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Christopher De Bono ◽  
Dario Righelli ◽  
Andrea Cirino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
T Box ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Pharyngeal Apparatus ◽  
The Face ◽  
Continuous Source

AbstractThe poles of the heart and branchiomeric muscles of the face and neck are formed from the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM) within the pharyngeal apparatus. The formation of the cardiac outflow tract and branchiomeric muscles are disrupted in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), due to haploinsufficiency of TBX1, encoding a T-box transcription factor. Here, using single cell RNA-sequencing, we identified a multilineage primed population (MLP) within the CPM, marked by the Tbx1 lineage, which has bipotent properties to form cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. The MLPs are localized within the nascent mesoderm of the caudal lateral pharyngeal apparatus and provide a continuous source of progenitors that undergo TBX1-dependent progression towards maturation. Tbx1 also regulates the balance between MLP maintenance and maturation while restricting ectopic non-mesodermal gene expression. We further show that TBX1 confers this balance by direct regulation of MLP enriched genes and downstream pathways, partly through altering chromatin accessibility. Our study thus uncovers a new cell population and reveals novel mechanisms by which Tbx1 directs the development of the pharyngeal apparatus, which is profoundly altered in 22q11.2DS.

Lateral Congenital Anomalies of the Pharyngeal Apparatus: Part III. Cadaveric Representation of the Course of Second and Third Cleft and Pouch Fistulas

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Mirilas
Keyword(s):  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Digastric Muscle ◽  
Pharyngeal Apparatus ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Anterior Belly

“Stepladder” surgery for fistula from second or third pharyngeal cleft and pouch is “blind.” Neither intraoperative methylene blue injection and probing nor preoperative imaging (fistulo-gram ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) reveal three-dimensional anatomic relations of fistulas. This article describes the most common second and third fistula courses and demonstrates representation of their tracts with wires in human cadavers. A second cleft and pouch fistula, at its external opening, pierces superficial cervical fascia (and platysma), then investing cervical fascia, and travels under the sternocleidomastoid muscle, superficial to the sternohyoid and anterior belly of omohyoid. It ascends along the carotid sheath, and at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage it pierces the pretracheal fascia. Characteristically, it courses between the carotid bifurcation and over the hypoglossal nerve. After passing beneath the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and the stylohyoid, it hooks around both glossopharyngeal nerve and stylopharyngeus muscle. The fistula reaches the pharynx below the superior constrictor muscle. The course of a third cleft and pouch fistula is similar until it has pierced pretracheal fascia; then it passes over the hypoglossal nerve and behind the internal carotid, finally descending parallel to the superior laryngeal nerve, reaching the thyrohyoid membrane cranial to the nerve.

New taxonomic position of several Macrobiotus species  (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1471 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERTO GUIDETTI ◽  
ROBERTO BERTOLANI ◽  
PETER DEGMA
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Type Material ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
Pharyngeal Apparatus

The main character distinguishing Minibiotus from Macrobiotus is the presence of peribuccal papulae instead of lamellae. However, most Minibiotus species also share a set of characters of the bucco-pharyngeal apparatus. This set is defined by ten morphological features (the first seven common to all species, the last three to most of them): antero-ventral mouth (1), teeth in oral cavity absent or strongly reduced (2), a rigid and narrow buccal tube (3), buccal tube wall thickened below the point of insertion of stylet supports (4), stylet supports inserted at considerable distance from the posterior end of the buccal tube (5), short ventral lamina (6), short macroplacoid row length (7), a double curvature of the buccal tube (8), first macroplacoid situated very close to the pharyngeal apophysis (9) and three almost rounded macroplacoids (10). We examined the original descriptions and/or the type material of several species belonging to the genus Macrobiotus that seemed to present this set of characters. It was concluded that several species should be transferred from Macrobiotus to Minibiotus. The following new combinations are proposed: Minibiotus subintermedius (Ramazzotti, 1962) comb. n., Minibiotus pustulatus (Ramazzotti, 1959) comb. n., Minibiotus julietae (de Barros, 1942) comb. n., Minibiotus marcusi (de Barros, 1942) comb. n., Minibiotus granatai (Pardi, 1941) comb. n., Minibiotus allani (Murray, 1913) comb. n., Minibiotus crassidens (Murray, 1907) comb. n. and Minibiotus acontistus (de Barros, 1942) comb. n.. As a result of these new combinations, the genera Minibiotus and Macrobiotus appear to be more homogeneous, but their monophyly has not yet been demonstrated. Further data are necessary to better analyze the systematic position of Macrobiotus lazzaroi Maucci, 1986, Macrobiotus spertii Ramazzotti, 1957 and Macrobiotus striatus Mihelčič, 1949.

Five new species of the genus Milnesium (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Milnesiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1122 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENIS V. TUMANOV
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pharyngeal Apparatus ◽  
Recent Species

An illustrated description of five new tardigrade species belonging to genus Milnesium is given. The new species differ from all known species of this genus mainly by the proportions of the claws and bucco-pharyngeal apparatus. A new key to the determination of recent species of the genus Milnesium is presented.

scholarly journals Developmental and evolutionary origins of the pharyngeal apparatus

EvoDevo ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Graham ◽  
Jo Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Pharyngeal Apparatus

Minibiotus xavieri, a new species of tardigrade from the Parque Biologico de Gaia, Portugal (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2267 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULO FONTOURA ◽  
GIOVANNI PILATO ◽  
PAULO MORAIS ◽  
OSCAR LISI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Variable Shape ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Pharyngeal Apparatus ◽  
A New Species

A new tardigrade, Minibiotus xavieri sp. nov., is described from lichen and moss samples collected in Parque Biologico de Gaia, Avintes, Portugal. The new species has variously shaped pores forming transverse bands around the cuticle; granulation on legs absent. Peribuccal lamellae absent, peribuccal papulae present as in all species of Minibiotus. Buccal tube narrow with an anterior bend; pharyngeal bulb with apophyses, three small macroplacoids and microplacoid. Minibiotus xavieri sp. nov. differs from the species of the genus with a similar cuticular ornamentation (with pores of variable shape forming transverse bands) (M. eichorni Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004, M. orthofasciatus Fontoura, Pilato, Lisi & Morais, 2009, M. vinciguerrae Binda & Pilato, 1992, M. furcatus (Ehrenberg, 1859)) in some qualitative or quantitative characters of the bucco-pharyngeal apparatus, and/or claws and of the eggs. The new species is also similar to two species today ascribed to the genus Macrobiotus but whose systematic position needs to be better analyzed, Macrobiotus lazzaroi Maucci 1986 and Macrobiotus pseudofurcatus Pilato, 1972. Minibiotus xavieri sp. nov. differs from them in some characters of the animal (narrower buccal tube, some characters of the claws) and of the eggs.

scholarly journals Single cell multi-omic analysis identifies a Tbx1-dependent multilineage primed population in murine cardiopharyngeal mesoderm

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Nomaru ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Christopher De Bono ◽  
Dario Righelli ◽  
Andrea Cirino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
T Box ◽  
Pharyngeal Apparatus ◽  
The Face

AbstractThe poles of the heart and branchiomeric muscles of the face and neck are formed from the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm within the pharyngeal apparatus. They are disrupted in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, due to haploinsufficiency of TBX1, encoding a T-box transcription factor. Here, using single cell RNA-sequencing, we now identify a multilineage primed population within the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm, marked by Tbx1, which has bipotent properties to form cardiac and branchiomeric muscle cells. The multilineage primed cells are localized within the nascent mesoderm of the caudal lateral pharyngeal apparatus and provide a continuous source of cardiopharyngeal mesoderm progenitors. Tbx1 regulates the maturation of multilineage primed progenitor cells to cardiopharyngeal mesoderm derivatives while restricting ectopic non-mesodermal gene expression. We further show that TBX1 confers this balance of gene expression by direct and indirect regulation of enriched genes in multilineage primed progenitors and downstream pathways, partly through altering chromatin accessibility, the perturbation of which can lead to congenital defects in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

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