scholarly journals Evolutionary origins of blastoporal expression and organizer activity of the vertebrate gastrula organizer gene lhx1 and its ancient metazoan paralog lhx3

Development ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 2005-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yasuoka ◽  
M. Kobayashi ◽  
D. Kurokawa ◽  
K. Akasaka ◽  
H. Saiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Organizer Activity

scholarly journals Murine 86- and 84-kDa Heat Shock Proteins, cDNA Sequences, Chromosome Assignments, and Evolutionary Origins

1989 ◽  
Vol 264 (10) ◽  
pp. 5343-5351 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Moore ◽  
C Kozak ◽  
E A Robinson ◽  
S J Ullrich ◽  
E Appella
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Shock Proteins

scholarly journals New indices to characterize drawing behavior in humans (Homo sapiens) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lison Martinet ◽  
Cédric Sueur ◽  
Satoshi Hirata ◽  
Jérôme Hosselet ◽  
Tetsuro Matsuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Ontogenetic Development ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Spatial Measures ◽  
Development And Evolution ◽  
Cave Art ◽  
Drawing Skills

AbstractTechniques used in cave art suggest that drawing skills emerged long before the oldest known representative human productions (44,000 years bc). This study seeks to improve our knowledge of the evolutionary origins and the ontogenetic development of drawing behavior by studying drawings of humans (N = 178, 3- to 10-year-old children and adults) and chimpanzees (N = 5). Drawings were characterized with an innovative index based on spatial measures which provides the degree of efficiency for the lines that are drawn. Results showed that this index was lowest in chimpanzees, increased and reached its maximum between 5-year-old and 10-year-old children and decreased in adults, whose drawing efficiency was reduced by the addition of details. Drawings of chimpanzees are not random suggesting that their movements are constrained by cognitive or locomotor aspect and we cannot conclude to the absence of representativeness. We also used indices based on colors and time and asked children about what they drew. These indices can be considered relevant tools to improve our understanding of drawing development and evolution in hominids.

2005 Verriest Medal awarded to Professor John D. Mollon

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. ii-ii
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Visual Neuroscience ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Color Vision Tests ◽  
Spectral Coding ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

The International Colour Vision Society awarded the 2005 Verriest Medal to John D. Mollon, Professor of Visual Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge, UK. This award is bestowed by the Society to honor long-term contributions to the field of color vision. If the field of color vision were itself a rainbow, then Professor Mollon's contributions cover nearly its full spectrum, including the isolation and elucidation of basic chromatic coding mechanisms and the constraints that they impose on human (and more generally primate) visual performance, the genetic basis of spectral coding mechanisms, the ecological influences on and evolutionary origins of chromatic discrimination. He has been instrumental in the design of several new color vision tests and has extensively exploited abnormal models, both congenital and acquired, to further our understanding of normal mechanisms. He is especially appreciated for his keen and profound sense of the history of science, in particular with respect to the field of color vision. He has been a member of the society for over 25 years and is currently serving on its board of directors. He organized the 2001 ICVS meeting in Cambridge, celebrating the bicentennial of Thomas Young's lecture on color vision.

Stewart-Williams and Halsey argue persuasively that gender bias is just one of many causes of women’s underrepresentation in science

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Stephen J Ceci ◽  
Shulamit Kahn ◽  
Wendy M Williams
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Teaching Evaluations ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Funding Success ◽  
Acceptance Rates ◽  
Recent Synthesis ◽  
Letters Of Recommendation

Stewart-Williams and Halsey provide an unusually broad synthesis of the enormous literature on gender gaps in hiring, letters of recommendation, mathematical and spatial abilities, email appointment-making, people vs things orientation, within-gender variability, salaries, occupational preferences, and employment discrimination. They argue that sociocultural factors, while important, cannot by themselves account for the entirety of these gaps. In addition, they argue that factors resulting from evolutionary origins, cognitive ability gaps at the extreme right tail of the distribution, and underlying gender differences in abilities, preferences, and values are needed to explain why women are less well represented in the most math-intensive fields. In our commentary, we reprise our own recent synthesis (unpublished) of gender gaps in six domains (letters of recommendation, academic hiring, salaries, teaching evaluations, journal acceptance rates, grant funding success) and put our results in the context of these authors' arguments.

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