scholarly journals Formation of the retinotectal projection requires Esrom, an ortholog of PAM (protein associated with Myc)

Development ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D'Souza
Keyword(s):  
Retinotectal Projection

Development of the Retinotectal Projection in Xenopus

1972 ◽  
Vol 236 (66) ◽  
pp. 133-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. GAZE ◽  
S. H. CHUNG ◽  
M. J. KEATING
Keyword(s):  
Retinotectal Projection

Identification of retinotectal projection pathway in the deep tectal laminae in the chick

2011 ◽  
Vol 519 (13) ◽  
pp. 2615-2621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Omi ◽  
Hidekiyo Harada ◽  
Harukazu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Retinotectal Projection

Retino-tectal projections from half-ventral and half-dorsal eye rudiments in Xenopus

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Joan D. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Image ◽  
Retinotectal Projection ◽  
Larval Stages

When the ventral half of a developing eye in Xenopus larvae was removed at stage 32, the remaining fragment rounded up and developed into an eye which looked macroscopically normal by mid-larval stages. Eyes from half-dorsal rudiments were usually small, had more than one ventral fissure, and showed abnormal pupils. The contralateral retinotectal projection was always found to be normally ordered when mapped in later tadpole stages, or, just after metamorphosis. No mirror-image duplicated maps were seen, as was found previously in eyes deriving from half-nasal and half-temporal rudiments. It is concluded that the ‘rule of distal transformation’ does not apply to eyes which are generated from embryonic rudiments.

Genetic dissection of the retinotectal projection

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Baier ◽  
S. Klostermann ◽  
T. Trowe ◽  
R.O. Karlstrom ◽  
C. Nusslein-Volhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Axon Pathfinding ◽  
Retinotectal Projection ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Retinal Axons ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Homozygous Diploid

A systematic search for mutations affecting the retinotectal projection in zebrafish larvae was performed, as part of the large-scale Tubingen screen for homozygous diploid mutants in embryonic development. 2,746 inbred lines (F2 families) from males mutagenized with ethylnitroso urea were screened. In wild-type larvae, developing retinal axons travel along a stereotyped route to the contralateral optic tectum. Here, their terminals form a highly ordered retinotopic map. To detect deviations from this pattern, an axon tracing assay was developed that permits screening of large numbers of mutagenized fish. Two fluorescent tracer dyes (DiI and DiO) were injected at opposite poles of the eyes of day-5 aldehyde-fixed larvae. 12 hours later, retinal axons were labelled over their entire length, and could be observed through the intact skin. The assay procedure (aldehyde fixation, mounting, injection of dyes, microscopic analysis) took about 1 minute per fish. In total, 125,000 individual fish larvae were processed. During the screen, 114 mutations in approx. 35 genes were discovered. For the mutants subjected to complementation testing, the number of alleles per locus ranges from 1 to 15. The mutations affect distinct steps in the retinotectal pathway, from pathfinding between eye and tectum to map formation along the dorsal-ventral and the anterior-posterior axis of the tectum. Mutations that disturb axon pathfinding to the tectum for the most part do not disrupt retinotopic mapping, and vice versa. The majority of the mutants display associated defects in other tissues and die before day 10. These mutants provide new tools for studying the formation of neuronal maps. The results of this screen show that a large-scale genetic approach can be applied to relatively late and circumscribed developmental processes in the vertebrate brain.

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