scholarly journals A dual fate of the hindlimb muscle mass: cloacal/perineal musculature develops from leg muscle cells

Development ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Valasek
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Hindlimb Muscle ◽  
Leg Muscle

scholarly journals POS0514 IMPORTANCE OF BODY MASS MEASUREMENT AND THE GRIP STRENGTH TEST TO PREDICT FALLS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 491.2-491
Author(s):  
M. Tada ◽  
Y. Yamada ◽  
K. Mandai ◽  
N. Hidaka
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
And Function

Background:We previously reported that the prevalence of sarcopenia was 28% in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a cohort study 1. RA patients have a high risk of falls and fractures 2. However, the predictors of falls and fractures in RA patients are not known.Objectives:Whether evaluation of muscle mass and function at baseline could predict falls and fractures during four-year follow-up was investigated.Methods:The four-year follow-up data from a prospective, observational study (CHIKARA study: Correlation researcH of sarcopenIa, sKeletal muscle and disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis) were used. Muscle mass was measured by a body impedance analyzer, and leg muscle mass was calculated. The leg muscle score (max: 100, min: 0) reflected the ratio of leg muscle mass to overall weight. Grip strength as an indicator of muscle function was evaluated using a digital, hand-held, isokinetic dynamometer. The correlations between muscle mass or function and falls or fractures were analyzed by survival rates and Cox hazard ratios. Leg muscle mass and grip strength were investigated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for correlations with falls or fractures.Results:A total of 100 RA patients (female: 78%, mean age: 66.1 years) were enrolled; 35 patients had falls, and 19 patients had fractures during the four-year follow-up. The leg muscle score, grip strength, age, and fractures at baseline were significantly correlated with falls. The cut-off values of the leg muscle score and grip strength were calculated to be 84.5 points (sensitivity: 0.79, specificity: 0.43) and 15.9 kg (sensitivity: 0.56, specificity: 0.70), respectively, by ROC curve analysis. The patients were divided into four groups by their leg muscle scores and grip strength; the numbers of falls and fractures are shown in Table 1 for each group. The fall-free survival rate was significantly lower in the group with low leg muscle score and low grip strength (35.3%) than in the other groups (P=0.002) (Figure 1). The hazard ratio for the both low group was significantly increased, 3.6-fold (95%CI: 1.1-11.5), compared to that in the both high group.Table 1.Numbers of falls and fractures by category of leg muscle score and grip strengthLG + GS+(n=34)LG - GS+(n=12)LG + GS-(n=37)LG - GS-(n=17)P value*Falls, N6515110.010Fractures, N34660.072LG+: leg muscle score >84.5 points, GS+: grip strength >15.9kg, LG-: leg muscle score ≤84.5 points, GS+: grip strength ≤15.9kg*: compared in four groups by Kruskal-Walls test.Figure 1.Fall-free survival rate in the four groupsConclusion:RA patients with both low leg muscle score and low grip strength at baseline were at high risk for falls during the four-year follow-up period. Evaluation of muscle mass and function can predict falls in RA patients.References:[1]Tada, M., Yamada, Y., Mandai, K. & Hidaka, N. Matrix metalloprotease 3 is associated with sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis - results from the CHIKARA study. Int J Rheum Dis21, 1962-1969, doi:10.1111/1756-185X.13335 (2018).[2]van Staa, T. P., Geusens, P., Bijlsma, J. W., Leufkens, H. G. & Cooper, C. Clinical assessment of the long-term risk of fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum54, 3104-3112, doi:10.1002/art.22117 (2006).Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Metabolic responses to head-down suspension in hypophysectomized rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2718-2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Woodman ◽  
C. M. Tipton ◽  
J. Evans ◽  
J. K. Linderman ◽  
K. Gosselink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Impaired Ability ◽  
Norepinephrine Concentration ◽  
Hindlimb Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

Rats exposed to head-down suspension (HDS) exhibit reductions in maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) and atrophy of select hindlimb muscles. This study tested the hypothesis that an endocrine-deficient rat exposed to HDS would not exhibit reductions in VO2max or hindlimb muscle mass. Hypophysectomized (HYPX) and sham-operated (SHAM) rats were tested for VO2max before and after 28 days of HDS or cage control (CC) conditions. No significant reductions in VO2max were observed in HYPX rats. In contrast, SHAM-HDS rats exhibited a significant reduction in absolute (-16%) and relative (-29%) measures of aerobic capacity. Time course experiments revealed a reduction in VO2max in SHAM-HDS rats within 7 days, suggesting that cardiovascular adjustments to HDS occurred in the 1st wk. HDS was associated with atrophy of the soleus (-42%) in SHAM rats, whereas HYPX rats exhibited atrophy of the soleus (-36%) and plantaris (-13%). SHAM-HDS rats had significantly lower (-38%) soleus citrate synthase activities per gram muscle mass than SHAM-CC, but no significant differences existed between HYPX-HDS and -CC rats. HDS rats had an impaired ability to thermoregulate, as indicated by significantly greater temperature increases per unit run time, compared with their CC counterparts. Pretreatment plasma epinephrine levels were significantly lower in HYPX than in SHAM rats. Norepinephrine concentration was similar for all groups except HYPX-HDS, in which it was significantly higher. HDS had no significant effect on thyroxine or triiodothyronine. SHAM-HDS rats had significantly lower concentrations of testosterone and growth hormone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Myostatin and muscle atrophy during chronic kidney disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislas Bataille ◽  
Philippe Chauveau ◽  
Denis Fouque ◽  
Michel Aparicio ◽  
Laetitia Koppe
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Muscle Dysfunction ◽  
Dialysis Patients

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients often exhibit a low muscle mass and strength, leading to physical impairment and an increased mortality. Two major signalling pathways control protein synthesis, the insulin-like growth factor-1/Akt (IGF-1/Akt) pathway, acting as a positive regulator, and the myostatin (Mstn) pathway, acting as a negative regulator. Mstn, also known as the growth development factor-8 (GDF-8), is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, which is secreted by mature muscle cells. Mstn inhibits satellite muscle cell proliferation and differentiation and induces a proteolytic phenotype of muscle cells by activating the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Recent advances have been made in the comprehension of the Mstn pathway disturbance and its role in muscle wasting during CKD. Most studies report higher Mstn concentrations in CKD and dialysis patients than in healthy subjects. Several factors increase Mstn production in uraemic conditions: low physical activity, chronic or acute inflammation and oxidative stress, uraemic toxins, angiotensin II, metabolic acidosis and glucocorticoids. Mstn seems to be only scarcely removed during haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, maybe because of its large molecule size in plasma where it is linked to its prodomain. In dialysis patients, Mstn has been proposed as a biomarker of muscle mass, muscle strength or physical performances, but more studies are needed in this field. This review outlines the interconnection between Mstn activation, muscle dysfunction and CKD. We discuss mechanisms of action and efficacy of pharmacological Mstn pathway inhibition that represents a promising treatment approach of striated muscle dysfunction. Many approaches and molecules are in development but until now, no study has proved a benefit in CKD.

scholarly journals LEG muscle mass and foot pain, structure and function: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S157-S158
Author(s):  
A.B. Dufour ◽  
M.T. Hannan ◽  
P.P. Katz ◽  
Y.M. Golightly ◽  
T.J. Hagedorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
And Function

Amino Acid Intake Increases Leg Muscle Mass, Function and Strength in Elderly

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S340
Author(s):  
Elisabet Børsheim ◽  
Quynh-Uyen T. Bui ◽  
Sandrine Tissier ◽  
Hisamine Kobayashi ◽  
Arny A. Ferrando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Acid Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Intake ◽  
Leg Muscle

Denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with increased mitochondrial ROS production

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. R1159-R1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian L. Muller ◽  
Wook Song ◽  
Youngmok C. Jang ◽  
Yuhong Liu ◽  
Marian Sabia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Mitochondrial Ros ◽  
Hindlimb Muscle ◽  
Old Mice

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially mitochondrial ROS, are postulated to play a significant role in muscle atrophy. We report a dramatic increase in mitochondrial ROS generation in three conditions associated with muscle atrophy: in aging, in mice lacking CuZn-SOD ( Sod1−/−), and in the neurodegenerative disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ROS generation in muscle mitochondria is nearly threefold higher in 28- to 32-mo-old than in 10-mo-old mice and is associated with a 30% loss in gastrocnemius mass. In Sod1−/− mice, muscle mitochondrial ROS production is increased >100% in 20-mo compared with 5-mo-old mice along with a >50% loss in muscle mass. ALS G93A mutant mice show a 75% loss of muscle mass during disease progression and up to 12-fold higher muscle mitochondrial ROS generation. In a second ALS mutant model, H46RH48Q mice, ROS production is approximately fourfold higher than in control mice and is associated with a less dramatic loss (30%) in muscle mass. Thus ROS production is strongly correlated with the extent of muscle atrophy in these models. Because each of the models of muscle atrophy studied are associated to some degree with a loss of innervation, we were interested in determining whether denervation plays a role in ROS generation in muscle mitochondria isolated from hindlimb muscle following surgical sciatic nerve transection. Seven days postdenervation, muscle mitochondrial ROS production increased nearly 30-fold. We conclude that enhanced generation of mitochondrial ROS may be a common factor in the mechanism underlying denervation-induced atrophy.

Lack of age-related decreases in basal whole leg blood flow in resistance-trained men

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1384-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiko Miyachi ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Hiroshi Kawano ◽  
Mayumi Okajima ◽  
Izumi Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Activity Groups

Reductions in basal leg blood flow have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and functional impairment in humans. We tested the hypothesis that reductions in basal whole leg blood flow with age are either absent or attenuated in those who perform regular strength training. A total of 104 normotensive men aged 20–34 yr (young) and 35–65 yr (middle aged), who were either sedentary or resistance trained, were studied. Mean and diastolic blood pressures were higher ( P < 0.05–0.001) in the middle-aged compared with the young men, but there were no significant differences between the sedentary and resistance-trained groups. In the sedentary group, basal whole leg blood flow (duplex Doppler ultrasound) and vascular conductance were lower (∼30 and ∼38%, respectively; P < 0.01) in the middle-aged compared with the young men. There were no such age-related differences in the resistance-trained group. In the young men, basal whole leg blood flow and vascular conductance were not different between the two activity groups, but, in the middle-aged men, they were higher (∼35 and ∼36%, respectively; P < 0.01) in the resistance-trained men than in the sedentary men. When blood flow and vascular conductance were expressed relative to the leg muscle mass, the results were essentially the same. We concluded that the age-related reduction in basal whole leg blood flow is absent in resistance-trained men. These results suggest that resistance training may favorably influence leg perfusion in aging humans, independent of its impact on leg muscle mass.

Unipodal Performance and Leg Muscle Mass in Jumping Skills among Ballet Dancers

2004 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline Golomer ◽  
Jean Keller ◽  
Yves-André Féry ◽  
Marc Testa
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Leg Muscle

scholarly journals TNF promoter polymorphisms associated with muscle phenotypes in humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Liu ◽  
E. Jeffrey Metter ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
Stephen M. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Promoter Polymorphisms ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Factor Α

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a potent catabolic factor to skeletal muscle. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of the TNF-α coding gene, TNF, have been implicated in the interindividual variation in TNF-α production via transcriptional regulation. The present study investigated the association of muscle phenotypes with five TNF promoter SNPs, which potentially have biological significance. Female and male volunteers ( n = 1,050) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were genotyped, and their regional and total body muscle mass, and arm and leg muscle strength were measured. Results indicated that putative high-expression alleles at positions −1031 and −863, individually or in combination in the haplotype 1031C-863A-857C-308G-238G, were associated with lower muscle mass in men. Specifically, carriers of −1031C, compared with noncarriers, exhibited lower arm muscle mass (6.4 ± 0.1 vs. 6.8 ± 0.1 kg, P = 0.01) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) (24.3 ± 0.4 vs. 25.4 ± 0.2 kg, P = 0.02), with leg muscle mass and the ASM index (ASMI; kg/m2) also tending to be lower ( P = 0.06 and 0.07). Similarly, −863A allele carriers (linked with −1031), compared with noncarriers, exhibited lower arm muscle mass (6.4 ± 0.1 vs. 6.8 ± 0.1 kg, P = 0.04). Carriers of the haplotype 1031C-863A-857C-308G-238G, compared with noncarriers, exhibited lower arm muscle mass (6.3 ± 0.2 vs. 6.8 ± 0.1 kg, P < 0.01), trunk muscle mass (25.7 ± 0.5 vs. 26.9 ± 0.3 kg, P < 0.05), and ASM (24.1 ± 0.5 vs. 25.3 ± 0.2 kg, P < 0.025), with tendencies for lower leg muscle mass and ASMI ( P = 0.07 and 0.08). Results indicate that genetic variation in the TNF locus may contribute to the interindividual variation in muscle phenotypes in men.

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